The Kukkuzi dialect or Kukkusi dialect (Куровицы) is a dialect of Votic spoken in Kukkuzi.[2] The Kukkuzi dialect has been heavily influenced by Ingrian.[3]
| Kukkuzi | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Russia |
| Region | Ingria |
Native speakers | 3 (2006, possibly extinct)[1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
 Kukkuzi | |
There exists a recording session of the Kukkuzi dialect, which was made in 2008–2012.[4] A Kukkuzi dialect dictionary has been made in 1980.[5] The Kukkuzi dialect has been declared to be dead since the 1970s,[2] however three existing speakers have been located in 2006.[1]
Classification
editAccording to E.B. Markus the Kukkuzi dialect has Ingrian like vocabulary and phonetics, while containing Votic grammar which is a result of an incomplete language switch to Ingrian.[6] However some linguists have claimed it rather as a dialect of Ingrian[7] and some classify it as a mixed language[8] In the past Kukkuzi has also sometimes been classified as a Finnish dialect.[9]
According to Tiit-Rein Viitso, the Kukkuzi dialect was originally a Northern Finnic dialect (related to Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian and Veps) that was influenced by Votic and later the Lower Luga dialect of Ingrian.[10][11]
Phonology
edit- The sound ⟨õ⟩ exists in Votic but is absent in the Kukkuzi dialect.[12]
- Some other features of the Kukkuzi dialect are the absence of the sound changes ⟨k⟩ > ⟨tš⟩ and s > ťś.[13]
- The sound k sometimes becomes k' after a front vowel.[14][clarification needed]
Samples
edittässä müü vassa ensimmäissä kertaa kuulimma, että müü oomma neitä vad'd'alaisiita.[13]
'here we just for the first time heard, that we are Votians.'
lehmääk'ää 'with a cow'[14]
References
edit- ^ a b Kuznetsova, Natalia; Markus, Elena; Muslimov, Mehmet (2015), "Finnic Minorities of Ingria", Cultural and Linguistic Minorities in the Russian Federation and the European Union, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 127–167, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-10455-3_6, ISBN 978-3-319-10454-6, retrieved 2021-06-19
- ^ a b Kuusk, Margit; Heinsoo, Heinike (2011). "Neo-Renaissance and revitalization of Votic – who cares?". Eesti ja Soome-Ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri. 2: 171–184. doi:10.12697/jeful.2011.2.1.11.
- ^ "Vađđamaa".
- ^ FEDOR, ROZHANSKIY (2019). "A new resource for Finnic languages: The outcomes of the Ingrian documentation project" – via University of Tartu.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ "Vatjan kielen Kukkosin murteen sanakirja · Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura".
- ^ Рожанский, Маркус (2013). "О статусе нижнелужского диалекта ижорского языка среди родственных идиомов" (PDF).
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Jokipii, Mauno: "Itämerensuomalaiset, Heimokansojen historiaa ja kohtaloita". Jyväskylä: Atena kustannus Oy, 1995. ISBN 951-9362-80-0 (in Finnish)
- ^ Markus, Elena; Rozhanskiy, Fedor (2–3 June 2011). "The development of a mixed language in the multilingual environment (evidence from the Kukkuzi dialect)" (PDF). Uralic Languages and Multilingualism: Contexts and Manifestations in a Language Family.
- ^ Heinsoo, Heinike (4 January 1991). "Vatjan kielen tutkimisesta ja nykytilanteesta". Virittäjä. 95 (4): 448.
- ^ Viitso, Tiit-Rein (1998). "Fennic". In Abondolo, Daniel (ed.). The Uralic Languages.
- ^ Kallio, Petri (20 December 2021). "The Position of Leivu". Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics. 12 (2): 123–143.
- ^ Pajusalu, Karl. Phonological Innovations of the Southern Finnic Languages1. University of Tartu.
- ^ a b Heinsoo, Heinike (1991-01-04). "Vatjan kielen tutkimisesta ja nykytilanteesta". Virittäjä (in Finnish). 95 (4): 448. ISSN 2242-8828.
- ^ a b Ossi., Kokko (2007). Inkerinsuomen pirstaleisuus : eräiden sijojen kehitys murteen yksilöllistymisen kuvastajana. Joensuun yliopisto. ISBN 978-952-219-012-3. OCLC 226041097.