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Lipetsk (Russian: Ли́пецк, IPA: [ˈlʲipʲɪtsk]), also romanized as Lipeck, is a city and the administrative center of Lipetsk Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Voronezh River in the Don basin, 438 kilometers (272 mi) southeast of Moscow. Population: 496,403 (2021 Census);[11] 508,887 (2010 Census);[5] 506,114 (2002 Census);[12] 449,635 (1989 Soviet census).[13]
Lipetsk
Липецк | |
|---|---|
 Sobornaya Square | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Lipetsk  | |
  Lipetsk Location of Lipetsk  Lipetsk Lipetsk (Lipetsk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 52°37′N 39°36′E / 52.617°N 39.600°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Lipetsk Oblast[1] |
| Founded | 1703[2] |
| City status since | September 27, 1779[2] |
| Government | |
| • Body | Council of Deputies[3] |
| • Head[3] | Yevgenia Uvarkina[4] |
| Elevation | 160 m (520 ft) |
| Population | |
• Total | 508,887 |
• Estimate (January 2014)[6] | 509,719 |
| • Rank | 36th in 2010 |
| • Subordinated to | Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction[1] |
| • Capital of | Lipetsk Oblast,[1] Lipetsky District[1] |
| • Urban okrug | Lipetsk Urban Okrug[7] |
| • Capital of | Lipetsk Urban Okrug,[7] Lipetsky Municipal District[7] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [8]) |
| Postal code(s)[9] | 398000–398002, 398004–398007, 398011, 398013–398017, 398019, 398020, 398024–398027, 328029, 328032, 328035–328038, 328040–328043, 328046, 328048, 328050, 328054–328056, 328058, 328059, 328070, 328700, 328899, 328910, 328999 |
| Dialing code(s) | +7 4742 |
| OKTMO ID | 42701000001 |
| City Day | Third Sunday in July[10] |
| Website | www |
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1897 | 21,000 | — |
| 1926 | 20,950 | −0.2% |
| 1939 | 66,644 | +218.1% |
| 1959 | 156,515 | +134.9% |
| 1970 | 289,138 | +84.7% |
| 1979 | 395,638 | +36.8% |
| 1989 | 449,635 | +13.6% |
| 2002 | 506,114 | +12.6% |
| 2010 | 508,887 | +0.5% |
| 2021 | 496,403 | −2.5% |
| Source: Census data | ||
History
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The name means "Linden city" and is cognate with Leipzig and Liepāja.[14] In 1284, the city was destroyed by the Mongols.[citation needed]
The foundation of the modern city dates back to 1703,[2] when Peter the Great ordered construction of a cast iron factory in Lipetsk near the iron ore deposits for making artillery shells.[citation needed] On September 27, 1779, Lipetsk was granted town status.[2] It became one of the principal towns of Tambov Governorate.
In 1879, Lipetsk hosted a congress of members of Land and Liberty.[citation needed]
After the Treaty of Rapallo (1922) until 1933, the much-reduced German Army (Reichswehr) of the Weimar Republic secretly contracted with Soviet authorities to operate a clandestine military aviation base and test facility near Lipetsk – circumventing prohibitions of the Versailles Treaty. The base enabled technical collaboration by the two powers whose separate defeats in World War I left them isolated in post-war Europe. This activity inside the USSR took place away from the vigilant eyes of the victors.[15] The Abwehr, The SS and German Army Group Centre penetrated part of this Lindenstadt[clarification needed] Region in 1941–2.[citation needed]
Administrative and municipal status
editLipetsk is the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Lipetsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction—an administrative unit with a status equal to that of the districts.[1] As a municipal division, Lipetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Lipetsk Urban Okrug.[7]
Economy
editThe principal industries of Lipetsk include ferrous metallurgy, machinery, metalworking, machine tools, engines, chemicals, food, and clothing.
The former steel combine was privatized in 1992 and Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK) with approximately 48,000 employees and a 64% export ratio (2005) is one of the largest employers in the oblast. In 2008, the company's revenue was $11.7 billion.[citation needed] Other industry are another metallurgical plant "Svobodny Sokol" ("Free Falcon"), a tractor factory LTZ, solvent-extraction plant Liboil (largest rapeseed oil producer in Central Federal District and the second in Russia), pipe factory, a factory for refrigerators and household appliances, an ice factory, lathe factory, chemical factories, etc. Industry is mainly located south of the Voronezh River.
Transportation
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Since 1868, there is a railway connection between Lipetsk and Moscow.[16] Trams, trolleybuses and buses provide local public transportation. The municipality aspires to renovate the tramway network as it is largely segregated from motor traffic. It has negotiated a 10-year, RUR 30 billion loan from the European Bank of Reconstruction & Development for tramway renewal.[17]
Health care
editLipetsk is one of the oldest mud bath and balneological resorts in Russia (first opened in 1805). Peat mud and chalybeate bicarbonate calcic springs are used to treat patients. Sulphate and chloride sodium water is used for therapeutic baths and drinking.
Education
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Lipetsk is home of the Lipetsk State Technical University, Lipetsk State Pedagogical University, and some other colleges.
Military
editThe Lipetsk air base is located north of the town.[18] The 4th Center of Combat Application and Conversion of Frontline Aviation named after Valery Chkalov is situated in Lipetsk.[citation needed]
The Lipetsk Air Center's chief, colonel Kharchevsky, has become famous after trial air combats in the United States and being a personal pilot of President Putin.[citation needed]
The city is also served by the smaller Lipetsk Airport.
On 24 February 2024, Ukraine claimed that its drones set fire to the Novolipetsk steel plant in Lipetsk. No casualties were reported however the facility was evacuated.[19]
Twin towns and sister cities
editLipetsk is twinned with:
| Country | City | Start |
|---|---|---|
 Germany |
Cottbus[20] | 1974 |
 China |
Anshan | 1992 |
 Italy |
Fabriano | 2003 |
Notable people
editReferences
editNotes
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Law #382-OZ
- ^ a b c d Charter of Lipetsk, Article 1
- ^ a b Charter of Lipetsk, Article 5
- ^ Official website of Lipetsk. Sergey Vyacheslavovich Ivanov, Head of Lipetsk (in Russian)
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Lipetsk Oblast Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Оценка численности городского и сельского населения по городским округам и муниципальным районам Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ a b c d Law #536-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Charter of Lipetsk, Article 4
- ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service. Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1 [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] (XLS) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ "Происхождение названий. БЛАГОДАРЯ КАЗУСАМ И ВПЕЧАТЛЕНИЯМ".
- ^ Wolf Oschlies: Symbiose der Geächteten. Preußische Allgemeine Zeitung, Nr. 38, 19. September 2009, p. 10
- ^ "Train Station in Lipetsk" (in Russian). Archived from the original on September 29, 2013. Retrieved December 2, 2012.
- ^ "Two Russian cities get EBRD infrastructure loans [EBRD - News and events ]". Archived from the original on January 21, 2013. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
- ^ "Ukraine updates: Putin orders reinforcements to Kursk – DW – 08/09/2024". dw.com. Retrieved August 9, 2024.
Ledwidge said the Kursk region is very important for gas supplies, as it is a conduit into Ukraine. As for Lipetsk, he said it is home "to the main training base of the Russian aerospace forces." For to this reason, he said Ukraine views Lipetsk as a valid military _target.
- ^ "Ukraine says it struck big Russian steel plant on invasion anniversary". Reuters. February 24, 2024. Retrieved February 24, 2024.
- ^ "Our twin cities- Cottbus". Cottbus. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved June 24, 2013.
Sources
edit- Липецкий городской Совет депутатов. Решение №990 от 24 февраля 2015 г. «Устав городского округа город Липецк Липецкой области Российской Федерации», в ред. Решения №116 от 26 апреля 2016 г «О внесении изменений в Устав городского округа город Липецк Липецкой области Российской Федерации». Вступил в силу 21 марта 2015 г. (за исключением отдельных положений). Опубликован: "Липецкая газета", №55, 21 марта 2015 г. (Lipetsk City Council of Deputies. Decision #990 of February 24, 2015 Charter of the Urban Okrug of the City of Lipetsk of Lipetsk Oblast of the Russian Federation, as amended by the Decision #116 of April 26, 2016 On Amending the Charter of the Urban Okrug of the City of Lipetsk of Lipetsk Oblast of the Russian Federation. Effective as of March 21, 2015 (with the exception of certain clauses).).
- Липецкий областной Совет депутатов. Закон №382-ОЗ от 28 апреля 2010 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Липецкой области и порядке его изменения», в ред. Закона №343-ОЗ от 5 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Липецкой области в связи с объединением сельских поселений Добринский сельсовет и Сафоновский сельсовет Добринского муниципального района Липецкой области». Вступил в силу по истечении 10 дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Липецкая газета", №88, 7 мая 2010 г. (Lipetsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #382-OZ of April 28, 2010 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Lipetsk Oblast and on the Procedures for Its Change, as amended by the Law #343-OZ of December 5, 2014 On Amending Various Laws of Lipetsk Oblast Due to the Merger of the Rural Settlements of Dobrinsky Selsoviet and Safonovsky Selsoviet in Dobrinsky Municipal District of Lipetsk Oblast. Effective as of the day which is 10 days after the day of the official publication.).
- Липецкий областной Совет депутатов. Закон №114-ОЗ от 2 июля 2004 г. «О наделении муниципальных образований в Липецкой области статусом городского округа, муниципального района, городского и сельского поселения», в ред. Закона №343-ОЗ от 5 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в некоторые Законы Липецкой области в связи с объединением сельских поселений Добринский сельсовет и Сафоновский сельсовет Добринского муниципального района Липецкой области». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Липецкая газета", №131, 8 июля 2004 г. (Lipetsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Law #536-OZ of August 18, 2011 On Granting Urban Okrug, Municipal District, Urban and Rural Settlement Status to the Municipal Formations of Lipetsk Oblast, as amended by the Law #343-OZ of December 5, 2014 On Amending Various Laws of Lipetsk Oblast Due to the Merger of the Rural Settlements of Dobrinsky Selsoviet and Safonovsky Selsoviet in Dobrinsky Municipal District of Lipetsk Oblast. Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
External links
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Media related to Lipetsk at Wikimedia Commons- Official website (in Russian)
- Unofficial website of Lipetsk (in Russian)
- Lipetsk news (in Russian)
- Website of Lipetsk Chamber of Commerce and Industry
