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List of Bohol flora and fauna

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

The Philippines supports a rich and varied flora with close botanical connections to Indonesia and mainland Southeast Asia. Forests cover almost one-half of the land area and are typically tropical, with the dominant family, Dipterocarpaceae, representing 75% of the stands. The forest also has vines, epiphytes, and climbers. Open grasslands, ranging up to 2.4 m (8 ft) in height, occupy one-fourth of the land area; they are man- made, the aftermath of the slash-and-burn agricultural system, and most contain tropical savanna grasses that are nonnutritious and difficult to eradicate. The diverse flora includes 8,000 species of flowering plants, 1,000 kinds of ferns, and 800 species of orchids.

locator map of Bohol

Seventy to eighty percent of non-flying mammals in the Philippines are found nowhere else in the world.[1] Common mammals include the wild hog, deer, wild carabao, monkey, civet cat, and various rodents. There are about 196 breeding species of birds, among the more numerous being the megapodes (turkey-like wildfowl), button quail, jungle fowl, peacock pheasant, dove, pigeon, parrot, and hornbill. Reptilian life is represented by 190 species; there are crocodiles and the larger snakes include the python and several varieties of cobra.

The fauna on Bohol is almost identical to that on Mindanao, Samar, and Leyte, but not that on nearby Negros. Scientists believe that the floral and faunal biodiversity unique to the Philippines is caused by the Ice Age.[2] They also believe that the country has the most severely endangered plant and animal communities on earth.[3]

Bohol is an island province in the Philippines and its 10th largest island. It is located in the Central Visayas region and has a population of 1,137,000 (2000 census) with an area of 4,117.3 km. This is a list of the most common species and varieties of flora and fauna specific to the province of Bohol in the Philippines, endemic or otherwise.

List of Bohol Flora

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Hardwood and other tree species

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  1. abihíd-Spondias pinnata
  2. Acacia – Rain tree; Samanea saman Merr.; Other scientific names: Mimosa saman Jacq.; Inga saman Willd.; Pithecolobium saman Benth.; Enterolobium saman Prain
  3. almáciga – Agathis philippinensis
  4. bagakay
  5. Bagalñga (C. Bis.) – Lygodium japonicum; Paraiso Bagalunga – Melia dubia
  6. bago-Gnetum gnemon
  7. balete – India rubber tree; Ficus elastica
  8. bánaba – Lagerstroemia speciosa; queen's flower or crepe myrtle and the pride of India;
  9. bangkal – Nauclea orientalis; Leichhardt tree, yellow cheesewood
  10. bangkaw – Nauclea subdita; bulobangkal, bongkol
  11. Batinô – Alstonia macrophylla
  12. bitaóg – Calophyllkum blancoi; Calophyllum wallichianum Vidal
  13. bujangjang – Prayer beads; Arbus precatorius Linn.; saga
  14. bulí – Corypha elata Roxb.; buri
  15. kawayan – Bambusa spinosa; Bambusa vulgaris
  16. dapdap – Erythrina variegata Linn. var. orientalis (Linn.); Indian coal tree
  17. Date palm – Palmae (INTRODUCED)
  18. dorol – also called doldol; kapok (Tag.) ; Ceiba pentandra
  19. Eucalyptus – Eucalyptus globulus (INTRODUCED)
  20. Gemilina – Gmelina arborea (INTRODUCED)
  21. Ipil-ipil – Leucaena leucocephala Linn. (INTRODUCED)
  22. lauaan – Diptecarpus thurifer white lauan – Shorea contorta
  23. lubí – niyóg – Coconut – Cocos nucifera
  24. madre de cacao – kakawate; Gliricidia sepium (INTRODUCED)
  25. mahogany – Philippine Mahogany; Swietenia mahagoni (Meliaceae) (INTRODUCED)
  26. mangga – Mango; Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae); Bohol mangga
  27. mangrove – Rhizophora mangle; red mangrove; pagatpat; manggal
  28. mangrove – Avicennia nitida; black mangrove
  29. mangrove – Sonneratia
  30. mangrove – Brugiera; red mangrove
  31. mangrove – bakhawan babae-Rhizophora mucronata; bakhawan lalake-Rhizophora apiculata
  32. mangrove – piyapî
  33. mangrove – piyag-aw; bigî or tabigi; Xylocarpus moluccensis
  34. mangrove – Bigî (Tagb.); Tabigi-Xylocarpus granatum
  35. maribojoc – agoho; Casuarina equisitofolia
  36. molave – Vitex parviflora; tugás
  37. narra – Philippine cedar; Pterocarpus indicus; Pterocarpus santalinus
  38. Neem tree – Azadirachta indica (INTRODUCED)
  39. ninô or linô – Indian mulberry; Morinda citrifolia; apatot (noni juice)
  40. nipâ – Nypa fruticans; nipâ palm
  41. nitô – Lygodium japonicum
  42. oliva – olive; Cycas revoluta
  43. pitogo – Cycas
  44. papuwá – annatto; Bixa orellana Linn.; suetes; atsuete (INTRODUCED)
  45. rattan – Calamus
  46. Rubber tree – Hevea brasiliensis (Euphorbiaceae) (INTRODUCED)
  47. teak – Philippine teak; Tectona philippinensis
  48. tipó – Antipolo; Artocarpus blancoi Merr.
  49. talisay – Terminalia catappa; almond
  50. yakál – Dipterocarpus plagutus-Shorea astylosa

Note: very highly regulated species in the Philippines: lauaan, narra, Philippine mahogany

Fruit trees/plants

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  1. alibangbang – Bauhinia malabarica; butterfly-shaped leaves from a tree used for souring
  2. atis – sugar apple; Annona squamosa Linn.; anonas (INTRODUCED)
  3. Avocado – Persea americana; avocado (INTRODUCED)
  4. balingbing – star fruit; Averrhoa carambola Linn.; also Averrhoa pentandra Blanco (INTRODUCED)
  5. batuan – Garcinia morella, a small sour green fruit with a large seed
  6. bayabas – Guava; Psidium guajava (INTRODUCED)
  7. boongon – pomelo; Citrus maxima
  8. bugnay – Antidesma bunius Linn.; bignay
  9. cacao – Theobroma cacao (INTRODUCED)
  10. kapeng barako – Philippine coffee; Coffea arabica; Coffea canephora or C. robusta (INTRODUCED)
  11. kaimito – caimito; Chrysophyllum caninito Linn.; star apple (INTRODUCED)
  12. chico – Achras sapota Linn.; Sapota achras Mill.; Sapota zapotilla Coville (INTRODUCED)
  13. chico- Manilkara zapote, a brown sweet fruit with black seeds (INTRODUCED)
  14. Chinese holly – Ilex cornuta (INTRODUCED)
  15. Curcuma domestica, turmeric (INTRODUCED)
  16. dayáp – Citrus aurantifolia, lime (INTRODUCED)
  17. duhat – Syzygium cumini, Java plum
  18. durian – Durio zibethinus
  19. granada – Punica granatum; Pomegranate (INTRODUCED)
  20. guyabano – Soursop; Annona muricata Linnaeus or A. muricata L. (Annonaceae); guyabano
  21. ibâ – Averrhoa bilimbi; kamias
  22. joló; koló – bread fruit; Artocarpus altilis
  23. kamátsile – Pithecellobium dulce, kamachille, Madras thorn fruit
  24. kapayas or kapajas – Papaya; Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) (INTRODUCED)
  25. kasúy – Anacardium occidentale, cashew (INTRODUCED)
  26. lanzones – Lansium parasiticum
  27. lemoncito – × Citrofortunella microcarpa, kalamansi a small lime indigenous to the Philippines; also called Calamondin, Chinese orange, Panama orange
  28. linga – Sesamum indicum
  29. lomboy – black plum; Syzygium cumini; duhat in Tagalog
  30. macopa – Syzygium samarangense
  31. mangga – mango ; Mangifera indica (carabao, pajo)
  32. manzanitas – datiles; ratiles; Muntingia calabura; a little cherry-like wild fruit (INTRODUCED)
  33. marang – Artocarpus odoratissima
  34. nangkâ – Jackfruit; Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.; langkâ (INTRODUCED)
  35. orange – Citrus aurantium; local orange; dalandan in Tagalog (INTRODUCED)
  36. orange – Mandarin orange; Citrus reticulata (INTRODUCED)
  37. orange – tangerine orange; Citrus nobilis ;dalandan (INTRODUCED)
  38. orange – local lemon or lime – Citrus; dayap in Tagalog (INTRODUCED)
  39. orange – Citrus medica (INTRODUCED)
  40. passion fruit – Passiflora incarnata (INTRODUCED)
  41. pili nut – Canarium ovatum
  42. pinya or pinja – Pineapple; Ananas comosus
  43. saging tundan – Banana; Musa; (Musaceae)
  44. Saging sab-a – Banana variety; Musa (Musaceae)
  45. Saging cavendish; Banana variety; Musa (Musaceae)
  46. Saging senyorita; Banana variety; Musa (Musaceae)
  47. Saging morado
  48. sambag – Tamarindus indica; tamarind; sampalok (INTRODUCED)
  49. Santol – Sandoricum koetjape Merr. (INTRODUCED)
  50. siriguelas; sineguelas in Visayan or sigarilyas in Tagalog Spondias sp
  51. suwâ-suwâ – Triphasia trifolia P. Wils.
  52. tambis – Syzygium malaccense; Malay apple; Tersana rose apple
  53. tisâ
  54. Tree fern – Cyathea spp. spp.
  55. watermelon – Curcubita citrullus Linn.; also Citrullus vulgaris Schrad.; pakwan (INTRODUCED)

Vegetables

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  1. ahos – Garlic; Allium sativum; bawang
  2. Alugbati – Malabar nightshade; Basella rubra Linn.
  3. batong – string beans; Bataw; Dolichos labiab Linn.
  4. carrot – karot; Daucus carota L.
  5. kabasâ – kalabasâ; squash; Cucurbita maxima Duchesne; Curcubita sulcata Blanco
  6. kamatis – Tomato; Solanum lycopersicum or Lycopersicum esculentum
  7. kamunggay – malunggay; Moringa oleifera
  8. katuray – Sesbania grandiflora, a white flower used in salads
  9. kinstsay – Apium graveolens, Chinese celery
  10. kolis – Pisonia alba, lettuce tree, also called maluko in Tagalog
  11. kulitis – Amaranthus viridis, slender amaranth
  12. kundol – Benicasa hispida; wax gourd
  13. kutsay – Allium odorum; Chinese chives
  14. Lagundî; Vitex negundo
  15. laurel – Antidesma bunius; Chinese laurel
  16. luy-a – ginger; Zingiber officinale; luya
  17. munggos – munggo; Phaseolus aureus; green mung bean
  18. mustasa – Brassica juncea v. integrifola; mustard greens
  19. okra – Abelmoschus escuclentus Linn.; also Hibiscus esculentis Linn.
  20. pandan -Pandanus odoratissimus; screw pine
  21. paliyá or palijá – Bitter melon; Momordica charantia; Ampalaya
  22. patola – Luffa cylindrica; sponge gourd
  23. patola – Luffa acutangula; Loofah
  24. pechay – Brassica chinensis; pakchoy; bokchoy
  25. pipino – cucumber; Cucumis sativus
  26. pipino – Cucumber; zucchini; Cucurbita pepo
  27. radish; Raphanus
  28. repolyo – cabbage; Brassica oleracea
  29. saluyot – Corchorus olitorius; Jew's mallow
  30. sayote – Sechium edule; chayote; mirliton pear
  31. sibuyas bombay – Onion; Allium cepa
  32. sibuyas dahon – Allium sativum
  33. sili – Capsicum annuum; chili
  34. sili'ng kulikot – Capsicum frutescens; siling labuyo; Cayenne
  35. sili- pepper; Solanum capsicum (Solanaceae)
  36. singkamas – Pachyrhizus erosus; yambean
  37. tangkong or kangkong; Ipomoea aquatica; swamp cabbage, potato vine
  38. tawong or talong; eggplant – Solanum melongena
  39. Ocimum sanctum – holy basil
  40. upo – Lagenaria leucantha; bottle gourd
  41. Corindrium sativum – coriander leaf

Flowering plants

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  1. adelfa – Oleander; South sea rose; Nerium indicum Mill.; Neroum oleander Blanco; Nerium odorum Soland.
  2. alas kuwatro
  3. antuwanga – gumamela; hibiscus; China rose; shoeflower; Hibiscus × rosa-sinensis
  4. Asparagus (genus) – green fern, for bouquets; Asparagus plumosus
  5. Aster
  6. bahug-bahug – Vernonia cinerea; bulak-manok; billy goat weed
  7. banaba – Lagerstroemia speciosa
  8. bangka-bangkaan – Rhoeo discolor
  9. bird of paradise (plant) – Strelitzia reginae
  10. bombil – bougainvillea; Bougainvillea
  11. Bromeliad
  12. bunga – Areca nut; Areca catechu; Areca alba (lubi lubi)
  13. caballero – peacock flower; Caesalpinia pulcherrima Linn.; bulaklak ng paraiso
  14. Comfrey – Symphytum officinale L (tambal sa nuka)
  15. cosmos – Cosmos (genus)
  16. cosmos (bahô) – Tagetes erecta
  17. Chrysanthemum – Chrysanthemum sinense; manzanilla
  18. daisy
  19. dancing lady
  20. dandelion- Taraxacum officinale Weber; Leontodon taraxacum Linn.; Taraxacum dens-leonis Desf.
  21. Dendrobium
  22. duranta – "Duranta repens Linn."; golden duranta
  23. Ginseng
  24. ground orchids
  25. ilang ilang – also known as Ylang-ylang; Cananga odorata
  26. Japanese rose – Rosa rugosa
  27. kalachuchi – frangipani; Plumeria; Plumiera rubra
  28. kataká-taká – Kalanchoe pinnata (synonym: Bryophyllum pinnatum)
  29. kalanchoe – Kalanchoe sp.
  30. kamantigi – mantigi; Touch me not; Impatiens balsamina
  31. kutsaritas – Althernanthera sp.; (Amaranthaceae)
  32. kulitis – Amaranthus spinosus; uray
  33. kumintang – also tsitsirika; rosy periwinkle; Catharanthus roseus
  34. lirio – Crinum latifolim Linn.
  35. Maiden's hair plant – Chlorodesmis sp.
  36. Marigold – Calendula
  37. mayana or majana – Coleus sp.; Coleus blumei
  38. Million flower
  39. pamintâ – Piper nigrum; black pepper
  40. pandong pandong – Celosia cristata Linn.; cock's comb
  41. Paragayo – san francisco
  42. Poinsettia – Euphorbia pulcherrima
  43. quiapo – kiapo; water cabbage; Pistia stratiotes
  44. rosál – Gardenia jasminioides; gardenia
  45. rose – rose; Genus: Rosa
  46. sabila – Aloe vera
  47. sagisi – Anahaw
  48. sagusahis – used as sandpaper for desks
  49. sampaguita – Jasmine; Jasminum sambac Linn.
  50. santal ?
  51. santan – Ixora sp.
  52. sunflower – Helianthus annuus
  53. tsampaka – Michelia champaca
  54. Verbena – Verbena officinalis
  55. violeta – bayolota; violets; Viola odorata L.
  56. waling-waling- Vanda
  57. yellow bell – kampanilya; Allamanda cathartica

Bohol endemic species

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  1. Arygyreia boholensis (Convolvulaceae)
  2. Blumea stenophylla (Labiatae)
  3. Dendrocalamus sp.- large bamboos; kawayan
  4. Dischidias (Asclepiadaceae)
  5. Hoyas
  6. Imperata cylindrica
  7. Ixora littoralis (Rubiaceae)
  8. Macrosolena mcgregorii (Loranthaceae)
  9. Saccharum spontaneum
  10. Several Compositae
  11. lukdo – ferns

Source:[4]

Grasses/Herbs/Weeds

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  1. abacá – Musa textilis; Manila Hemp
  2. acapulco – Cassia alata
  3. amor seco – Andropogon aciculatus
  4. bahô-bahô- Utot-utot; koronitas; kantutay; Lantana camara
  5. bilâ bilâ – Eleusine indica
  6. bugáng – talahib; Saccharum spontaneum
  7. butones butones – Cyperus rotundus
  8. cogon – kogon; Imperata cylindrica
  9. Euphorbia hirta
  10. fern 1 – Athyrium esculentum; pako
  11. fern 2 – bird's nest fern; Asplenium nidus
  12. fern 3 – Drynaria quercifolia
  13. gulasiman – Portulaca oleracea
  14. hibî-hibî – makahiya; Mimosa pudica
  15. humay – rice; Oryza sativa; palay
  16. kana (Bis.) – Cardiospermum halicacabum; Heart Pea; Balloon Vine
  17. kanding-kanding – Stachytarpheta jamaicensis
  18. maís – corn
  19. Oregano – Origanum vulgare; wild marjoram, mountain mint, origanum, wintersweet and winter marjoram
  20. oregano – Coleus aromaticus Benth.
  21. peppermint – Mentha piperita
  22. Quisqualis indica – Chinese honeysuckle; "niyog-niyogan"
  23. sábila – Aloe vera;
  24. Sambong- Blumea camphora ; Blumea balsamifera
  25. sinaw sinaw or sida sida – ulasimang Bato; Peperomia pellucida; pansit-pansitan
  26. tangad or tanglad – lemon grass; Cymbopogon citratus; Cymbopogon spp.
  27. tawá tawá – Euphorbia hirta; boto-botonis; gatas-gatas
  28. tubó – sugar cane; Saccharum officinarum
  29. tubá-tubá – Jatropha curcas; also known as tubang bakod in Tagalog; Physic Nut in English or interchangeably tubá-tubá or Jatropha (Tuba-Tuba Plant Seeds (Jatropha) to Bio-diesel Fuel)
  30. tsaang gubat – Ehretia microphylla;
  31. yerba buena – Mentha spicata

Root crops

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  1. apale
  2. balanghoy – Cassava; Manihot esculenta Crantz; kamoteng kahoy
  3. camote – Sweet potatoes; Ipomoea batatas
  4. gabi – taro; Colocasia esculenta Linn.
  5. patatas – potatoes; Solanum tuberosum
  6. singkamas – Pachyrrhizus erosus Linn.
  7. Ube kinampay – purple yam; Dioscorea alata
  8. Ube- yam; Dioscorea alata
  9. other cash crops

Seaweeds

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  1. Acetabularia
  2. ambáng
  3. Chlorella
  4. Codium fragile
  5. eelgrasses – seagrasses; thalasia
  6. guaman – Gracilaria compressa
  7. gusô – Eucheuma spinosum
  8. kelp – Macrocystis
  9. Laminaria
  10. latô – Caulerpa racemosa
  11. Laurencia
  12. lukót
  13. Porphyra
  14. Samô – Sargassum
  15. Ulothrix
  16. Ulva – sea lettuce
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List of Bohol Fauna

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Mammals

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  1. baka – Philippine cow; Bos taurus
  2. Baboy ihás – baboy damó; wild boar; Sus scrofa
  3. bóngcaras – sea cow; Dugong dugon
  4. dugong – manatee; Trichechus Linnaeus, 1758
  5. kabaw – kalabaw; Carabao; Bubalus bubalis carabanesis
  6. mawmag, mamag, tarsius – Philippine tarsier; Tarsius syrichta
  7. Kwaknit or kabog – bats ; order Chiroptera
  8. Kagwang – Philippine flying lemur; Cynocephalus volans
  9. Sigbin – kangaroo ?
  10. unggoy – monkey; macaque; Philippine long-tailed macaque; Macaca fascicularis philippinensis
  11. monkeys
  12. milô, musang – common palm civet; Paradoxurus hermaphroditus

Annelid

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  1. alimátok – Leech; Hirudo medicinalis
  2. earthworm; Lumbricus terrestris

Arthropods

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  1. Centipede Class Chilopoda locally known as ulhipan
  2. labód- Millipede ; Class Diplopoda

Reptiles

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  1. Python; Python reticulatus; reticulated python
  2. iyón or iwón – Philippine turtle; Chelonia
  3. ahas – snake
  4. baksan
  5. hawo – bayawak; monitor lizard; Varanus salvator
  6. Tikî or tabilí – house lizard;
  7. Tukô – Gecko gecko
  8. tawoto (taloto)
  9. ibid
  10. buaya
  11. baki
  12. ambubukad
  13. cobra

Birds (Ibon)

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  1. agul-ol
  2. banog
  3. Antolihaw – dimodlaw; oriole; Oriulus chinensis
  4. Tamsi – sunbird;
  5. Tocmo
  6. iling
  7. maya
  8. Pabo – Turkey; Meleagris gallopavo
  9. itik – Pateros duck
  10. Pato – Muscovy duck
  11. Gansa – Geese
  12. Agila – Philippine eagle; Pithecophaga jefferyi
  13. Uwák – crow; Corone philippina
  14. uwák – Philippine crow; Corvus
  15. salampati or pati – dove
  16. Pigeon
  17. Alimokón
  18. Kuwagô – Philippine owl; Bubo bubo
  19. Manok bisaya – native chicken; Gallus gallus domesticus
  20. sunóy – rooster
  21. Manok ugís
  22. Philippine serpent eagle Spilornis holospilus
  23. brahminy kite
  24. woodpecker
  25. rocky-tailed blue-headed parrot
  26. grass owl
  27. scoop owl
  28. bubock pigeon
  29. water cock
  30. parakeets
  31. reel

Insects

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  1. alibangbang – butterfly
  2. lamók – mosquito
  3. langaw – flies
  4. uk-ok – cockroach; ipis (Tag.)
  5. amigas or hulmigas – red ants; langgam (Tag.)
  6. sum – black ants (read soom)
  7. atitud – small ants
  8. anay – white ants
  9. aninipot – Fireflies
  10. don don or lukton – grasshopper
  11. buyóg or bujog – bees
  12. gangis – cricket
  13. beetle
  14. putyukan or putjukan – honey bees

Fish (Isdâ)

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  1. andohaw 'mackerel fish'
  2. bakasí 'hawig'
  3. bakáy
  4. baksawan
  5. banák – family magulidae, mullet
  6. bangsi 'flying fish'
  7. bangús – milkfish; Chanos chanos
  8. barilis – Neothunnus macropterus; yellowfin Tuna
  9. bawô 'needle fish'
  10. bolinaw – Encrasicholina oligobranchus; Philippine anchovy
  11. botete 'pupper fish'
  12. burot burot
  13. dalág – Ophicephalus striatus, Murrel
  14. danggit – Siganid
  15. hasâ hasâ
  16. isdâ sa bató
  17. ketong [golden rabbit fish]
  18. kujóg
  19. lapulapu – Family Serranidae ; Grouper
  20. malasugí
  21. mansi
  22. molmol [parrot fish]
  23. pantat
  24. pómpano
  25. samín samín
  26. sugí
  27. sunghanunicorn fish'
  28. tambasakan
  29. tangigue
  30. tilapia – Tilapia; Tilapia zili
  31. tulingan frigged tuna
  32. tuna
  33. blue marlin
  34. mackerel
  35. salmon
  36. silver sea bass – Lates calcarifer;
  37. Goby
  38. sea catfish – Family Ariidae
  39. labajan lupit wrasse – Family Labridae
  40. silver perch or therapon, – Leiopotherapon plumbeus
  41. pakol 'queen triggerfish'
  42. lapad-lapad
  43. budboron
  44. solid
  45. tagotongan porcupine fish
  46. dangit '[rabbit fish]'

Note:

  • bijud sa isda – fish eggs: caviar
  • sanga is banned
  • tangkig – dwarf anaconda (sea)

Freshwater fish

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  1. ibís – guppy
  2. kasili
  3. anga

Mollusks (Shellfish)

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Univalves

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  1. Saáng
  2. Chambered Nautilus
  3. bugyong
  4. buskay – cowry; Cypraea; varieties: tiger cowry; golden cowry
  5. cones – Conus

Bivalves

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  1. bebe
  2. imbaw
  3. tuway
  4. aninikád
  5. dawo-dawo
  6. Amahóng or tahóng – green bay mussels Perna viridis (affected by tide)
  7. litob – oyster; Crassostrea gigas
  8. clams
  9. giant clams
  10. abalone
  11. scallops

Sea animals

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  1. bóngcaras – sea cow
  2. iho – shark
  3. Whale shark; Rhincodon typus
  4. lumód – Dolphin;
  5. dugong – manatee; Dugong dugon
  6. pawikan – sea turtle
  7. pague – manta ray
  8. bat or bat tulî – sea cucumber; Holothuria
  9. lambay – big Crabs
  10. kasag – small crabs
  11. agukoy – fiddler crab; Uca sp.
  12. pasayan – sapayan; also sapajan; shrimp
  13. lukón – prawn
  14. nukos – Squid;
  15. amûpô – Octopus;
  16. crabs – Genus Portunus
  17. nipâ nipâ – crablets
  18. sugâ sugâ – crablets
  19. Lobster
  20. Tangkigan
  21. Taklâ- crayfish
  22. Brittle stars; Ophiurida
  23. Sand dollars
  24. Starfish – A. typicus
  25. tuyóm or tujóm – sea urchins; Diadema
  26. swakê –
  27. blue crab
  28. mud crab
  29. uwáng – Ustacidae, crayfish;
  30. uwáng – Macrobrachium rosenbergii, giant freshwater prawn
  31. sunlutan

Exotic species

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  1. Kuhól – golden apple snail; Ampullaria cuprina
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References

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  1. ^ Ancient Geological History of the Philippines The Field Museum.org Retrieved January 2, 2007.
  2. ^ Ice-Age History of the Philippines The Field Museum Retrieved January 2, 2007.
  3. ^ "Philippine Deforestation". www.fieldmuseum.org. Archived from the original on November 5, 2004.
  4. ^ Bohol Island Herbarium www.pnh.com.ph Retrieved November 14, 2006.
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  NODES
Note 3
todo 1