Wikipedia

List of copyright terms of countries

(Redirected from List of countries' copyright lengths)

Copyright is the right to copy and publish a particular work. The terms "copy" and "publish" are quite broad. They include copying in electronic form, the making of translated versions, the creation of a television program based on the work, and putting the work on the Internet. A work is protected by copyright if it is a literary or artistic work. This general expression covers almost all products of creative and original effort. Copyright protects only the specific expression of an idea, not the idea itself. A collection of facts may be copyrighted if there was creative activity involved in compiling the collection. Several countries provide separate protection for collections of facts that qualify as "databases", but that provision is not considered copyright. Copyright protection is automatic upon creation of the work. In some countries, registration with a copyright office has additional benefits, such as the ability to sue, or to receive more money in damages. When a work's copyright term ends, the work passes into the public domain.

Worldwide map of copyright term length

Berne Convention

edit
 
Signatory states of the Berne Convention

The Berne Convention stipulates that the duration of the term for copyright protection is the life of the author plus at least 50 years after their death.[1] For some categories of works, the minimum duration is shorter: for example, the minimum term for applied art is 25 years, movies have a minimum term of 50 years. Most countries have opted for a longer term of protection, as permitted.

Under the Convention, the duration of copyright depends on the length of the author's life. Berne specifies that copyright exists a minimum of 50 years after the author's death,[1] while a number of countries, including the European Union and the United States, have extended that to 70 years after the author's death. A small number of countries have extended copyright even further, with Mexico having the lengthiest term at 100 years after the author's death.

United States

edit

In 1989, the Berne Convention became effective in the U.S. Since that date, U.S. authors obtain copyright on their works automatically, with registration no longer required. However, many U.S. texts on copyright have not been updated and still echo the old registration principle.[2]

Copyright registration remains available in the U.S. To initiate a lawsuit against an infringer, registration is still required. Registration offers the potential of statutory damages from the infringer, rather than only actual damages.[clarification needed]

European Union

edit

All countries within the European Union are signatory states of the Berne Convention. Additionally, Copyright in the European Union is regulated through European Directives.

The member states of the European Union have, following a directive, increased the term to life of the author plus 70 years after their death. Although this was not the original intention, the extension applies retroactively; this had the effect that works that had ended up in the public domain because the author was dead for 50 years, received an additional twenty years of protection.

European countries follow the principle that copyright protection is granted automatically upon creation of the work. This principle was first established in the Berne Convention (1886), and Article 5 of the Convention expressly forbids any member country to require formal action for copyright protection.[3][4][5][6]

edit

Countries and respective copyright terms, with length of standard copyright in years are listed. Entries for non-country entities are included: the European Union, Berne Convention, and the Universal Copyright Convention, which set minimum terms for their member states or signatories. The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), though not included, requires a copyright length of at least 50 years after death.

Legend

edit
  • 0, has no copyright = Not copyrighted at all
  • Life + xx years = Copyrighted for authors' lifetime plus xx years after their deaths
  • xx years after publication, creation, etc. = copyrighted for xx years since publication, creation, etc., of works
  • Until year end = Copyrighted until the end of a calendar year, i.e. 31 December, unless otherwise specified
  • Berne = Country has signed the Berne Convention, see Berne in the "Countries, ..." column
  • TRIPS = The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) is an international agreement administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO) that sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP) regulation as applied to nationals of other WTO Members. This also indicates that this country has at least a minimum of 50 years after the death of the creator until the copyright expires.
  • WCT = The World Intellectual Property Organization Copyright Treaty, (WIPO Copyright Treaty or WCT), is an international treaty on copyright law adopted by the member states of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) in 1996.
edit
Countries, areas, and entities Copyright terms based on authors' deaths[a] Copyright terms based on publication and creation dates[a] Until year end?
  Afghanistan Life + 50 years[7] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[7]


50 years from publication (published after authors' deaths)[7]
50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[7]
50 years from publication (photographic, painting works)[7]
50 years from creation (phonogram)[7]

Yes (Afghan calendar)[7]
  Albania Life + 70 years[8]: Art. 17  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[8]: Art. 18 


70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (photographic or audiovisual work of joint authorship)[9]
25 years from production (works of applied art)[8]: Art. 20 

Yes[8]: Art. 21 
  Algeria Life + 50 years (except posthumous work)[10]: Art. 54  50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (collective work, anonymous or pseudonymous work, audiovisual work, posthumous work)[10]: Arts. 56–58, 60 

50 years from creation (photographs or the work of applied art)[10]: Art. 59 

Yes[10]: Arts. 54, 56–58, 60 
  Andorra Life + 70 years[b][11]: Art. 18(1), (4)  70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (collective work with unknown authorship)[11]: Art. 18(3) 

70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[11]: Art. 18(5) 

Yes[11]: Art. 18(8) 
  Angola Life + 70 years[12]


Life + 45 years (photographic works or applied arts)[12]

Yes[12]
  Anguilla Life + 50 years[13] 50 years from the death of the author, of the last surviving author for works with more than one author.[13]
  Antigua and Barbuda Life + 50 years[14][15]: s. 10(1)  50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work, computer generated work, sound recording or film)[15]: s. 10(2), (4), 11(1) 


50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[15]: s. 12(1) 
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[15]: s. 13 

Yes[15]: s. 10(1), 10(2), (4), 11(1), 12(1), 13 
  Argentina Life + 70 years[16]: Art. 5  50 years from publication (anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons)[16]: Art. 8 
Phonograms: 70 years from first publication.[17][18][19][20]
Photographs: 20 years from first publication.[21]
Cinematographic works: 50 years after death of the last survivor among the producer, the director, the screenplay writer or the composer (for musical comedies).[21] 		Yes[16]: Art. 5 
  Armenia Life + 70 years[22]: Art. 37  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[22]: Art. 37  Yes[22]: Art. 37 
  Aruba Life + 50 years[23](wikisource)
  Australia (including external territories) Life + 70 years[24]: s. 33 


[Life + 50 years (death before 1955)][25]

70 years from publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films)[24]: s. 93, 94 


50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[24]: s. 95 
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[24]: s. 96 
[50 years from publication (photographs, no longer applicable since 1 January 2005)][25]

Yes[24]: ss. 93–96 [25]
  Austria Life + 70 years[c][26]: § 60, 62 [27] 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[26]: § 61  Yes[26]: § 64 
  Azerbaijan Life + 70 years (except posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[28]: Art. 25  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work; posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[28]: Art. 25, 26  Yes[28]: Art. 25, 26 
  Bahamas Berne
  Bahrain Life + 50 calendar years (except posthumous work)[29]: Art. 31(1)  50 calendar years from publication (cinematographic films, applied arts works and photographs; anonymous or pseudonymous works; corporate works; posthumous works)[29]: Art. 31(2)(a–d) 

40 years from publication or 50 years from completion, whichever is shorter (computer software)[29]: Art. 31(3) 

  Bangladesh Life + 60 years or Publication + 60 years[30]: s. 24  60 years from publication (cinematographic films,[30]: s. 26  sound recordings,[30]: s. 27  photographs,[30]: s. 28  computer programmes[30]: s. 28A  or works of the Government, local authority or an international organisation[30]: ss. 30–32 ) Yes[30]: s. 24, 26, 27, 28, 28A, ss. 30–32 
  Barbados Life + 50 years[31][32]: s. 10(1)  50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[32]: s. 10(3) 


50 years from making (computer-generated work)[32]: s. 10(4) 
50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (sound recordings and films)[32]: s. 11 
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[32]: s. 12 
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[32]: s. 13 

Yes[32]: ss. 10–13 
  Belarus Life + 50 years[33]: Art. 22(1)  50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[33]: Art. 22(2) 


50 years from fixation (performance)[33]: Art. 38(1) 
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from fixation (phonogram)[33]: Art. 38(2) 
50 years from the first broadcast or cable transmission[33]: Art. 38(3) 

Yes[33]: Arts. 22(4), 38(4) 
  Belgium Life + 70 years[34] Yes[34]
  Belize Life + 50 years[35] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[35]
50 years from publication (sound recording or film)[35]
50 years from publication (computer-generated work)[35] 		Yes
  Benin Life + 50 years
  Bermuda Life + 50 years[36]
Berne Convention signatories Life + 50 years[37]


Signatories may grant longer terms.[38]

50 years from publication or if not shown 50 years from creation (cinematographic works)[39]


50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[40]
25 years from creation (photographic works)[41]
Signatories may grant longer terms.[38]

Yes[42]
  Bhutan Life + 50 years[43]
  Bolivia Life + 50 years[44]
  Bosnia and Herzegovina Life + 70 years[45]
  Botswana Berne, TRIPS, WCT[46]
  Brazil Life + 70 years(economical rights) Economical rights

Publication+70 years(audiovisual and photograpical works)

Publication+70 years (anonymous and pseudonymous works)

Neighboring rights

Creation+70 years (phonograms, transmission for the broadcasts of broadcasting organization, and public performance in other cases.)

Others

Publication+50 years, if unpublished creation+50 years (computer programs)

Yes[47]: arts. 41, 44 
  British Indian Ocean Territory Life + 70 Years
  British Virgin Islands Life + 70 Years
  Brunei Life + 50 years[48]
  Bulgaria Life + 70 years (EU)[49]
  Burkina Faso Life + 70 years[50]
  Burundi Life + 50 years

[51]

50 years from publication (phonograms)[51]
  Cambodia Life + 50 years[52]
  Cameroon Life + 50 years[53]
  Canada Life + 70 years (except certain posthumous works)[54][55]


[Life + 50 years (death before 1972)]

75 years from publication or 100 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works). There is no revival of copyright in any work in which the copyright had expired before the coming into force in January 2023 of the extension of the term of copyright from 50 to 70 years.


50 years from publication (certain posthumous works)[56]

Yes[56]
  Cape Verde Life + 50 years[9]
  Cayman Islands unknown
  Central African Republic Berne, TRIPS
  Chad Berne, TRIPS
  Chile Life + 70 years[57]
  China (mainland only) Life + 50 years (citizens' works)[58]: para. 1  50 years from publication, or if unpublished, 50 years from creation (works of legal entities, cinematographic works, films or photographic works)[58]: paras. 2–3  Yes[58]
  Colombia Life + 80 years[59]: Art. 21  80 years from publication (cinematographic works)[59]: Art. 37  Yes[59]: Art. 28 
  Comoros Berne
  Congo, Democratic Republic of the Life + 50 years[60]: Art. 74  25 years from publication (photograph works).[60]: Art. 77 
50 years from publication (anonymous, pseudonymous or posthumous work)[60]: Art. 75  		Yes[60]: Art. 76 
  Congo, Republic of the Life + 50 years[61] 25 years from creation (photographic work and work of applied art)[61]: Art. 65 
  Costa Rica Life + 70 years[62]
  Côte d'Ivoire Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published within this period)[63]: Art. 45(1)  70 years from publication (photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art; anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous works)[63]: Art. 45(3)(a–c)  Yes[63]: Art. 45 
  Croatia Life + 70 years[64]
  Cuba Life + 50 years
  Curaçao Life + 50 years[65]
  Cyprus Life + 70 years
(EU, WCT)[66]
  Czech Republic Life + 70 years[67]: Art. 27(1)  70 years from publication (anonymous works)[67]: Art. 27(3)  Yes[67]: Art. 27(7) 
  Denmark Life + 70 years[68][d]
  Djibouti Life + 50 years [70]: Art. 12  For a cinematographic work, 50 years from the date when the work was made lawfully accessible to the public with the author's consent.[70]: Art. 15 
For a photographic work or work of applied art, 25 years from the production of the work[70]: Art. 16  		Yes[70]: Art. 12 
  Dominica Life + 70 years[71]
  Dominican Republic Life + 70 years[72]
  Ecuador Life + 70 years[73]
  Egypt Life + 50 years[74]
  El Salvador Life + 50 years[75]
  Equatorial Guinea Life + 80 years.[76][77] However, there are additional expiration rules in Article 38 of the Main Equatorial Guinea Intellectual Property Law which may affect this.
  Eritrea Life only, but at least 50 years since publication, whichever is longer (except posthumous works)[78]: Art. 1653, 1670  50 years since publication (posthumous works)[78]: Art. 1672 
  Estonia Life + 70 years (EU)[79]: § 38(1)  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[79]: § 40  Yes[79]: § 43 
  Eswatini Life + 50 years[80]
  Ethiopia Life + 50 years[81]
  European Union Members Life + 70 years[82]: Art. 1 (1)  Anonymous or pseudonymous works only: "70 years after the work is lawfully made available to the public" (Art.1(3)). Protection ends if the work is not made available within 70 years from creation. (Art.1(6)).[82]: Art. 1 (3), (6)  Yes[82]: Art. 8 (1) 
  Fiji Life + 50 years[83]
  Finland Life + 70 years[84] 50 years from publication (sound recordings, television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[85]: Arts. 46, 48 

50 years from creation (photographic works)[85]: Art. 49a 

Yes[85]: Art. 43 
  France Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published after this term)[e][86]: Arts. L123-1, L123-2 

The following additions to copyright term formerly applied to all works, but the French Cour de Cassation has found them to be superseded by later copyright treaties, thus limiting the copyright term to life + 70 years total, at least for non-musical works of authors who did not "die for France".[87]

+ 6 years 152 days for musical work published through 1920[86]: Art. L123-8 
+ 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through 1947[86]: Art. L123-9 
+ 30 years for all works if the author died on active service (based on the former copyright term, which was life + 50 years, meaning that, in practice, the addition is 10 years longer than the current life + 70 years term)[86]: Art. L123-10 

70 years from publication (pseudonymous, anonymous or collective works)[86]: Art. L123-3 

25 years from publication (posthumous works published after Art. L123-1 term)[86]: L123-4 

Yes[86]: Arts. L123-1, L123-3, L123-4, 
but not Arts. L123-8 or L123-9 
  Gabon Berne, TRIPS, WCT
  Gambia Life + 50 years[88]
  Georgia Life + 70 years[89]
  Germany Life + 70 years[90] 25 years from first publication or first public performance if copyright has expired before such publication or performance, or if the work has never been protected in Germany and the author died more than 70 years before the first publication[91] Yes[92]
  Ghana Life + 70 years[93]
  Greece Life + 70 years[f][94]: Arts. 29, 31(3)  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[94]: Art. 31(1)  Yes[94]: Arts. 29, 31 
  Grenada Berne, TRIPS[95]
  Guatemala Life + 75 years[96]: Art. 43  75 years from publication or if unpublished 75 years from creation (computer programs and collective works; anonymous or pseudonymous works; audiovisual works)[96]: Arts. 44, 45, 47  Yes[96]: Art. 48 
  Guinea TRIPS, WCT
  Guinea-Bissau Berne, TRIPS
  Guyana Life + 50 years[97]
  Haiti Berne, TRIPS[98]
  Honduras Life + 75 years[99] 70 years from publication or, if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works of applied art and photographs)[100] Yes[100]
  Hong Kong[g] Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with known authorship)[101]: s. 17(2) 


Life + 50 years (films)[101]: s. 19 [h]

50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with unknown authorship)[101]: s. 17(3) 


50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recordings)[102]: s. 18 
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[102]: s. 20 
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of published editions)[102]: s. 21 

Yes[102]: s. 17, 18, 20, 21 
  Hungary Life + 70 years[103]: s. 31(1)(2) 


If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years[103]: s. 31(4) 

70 years and shall be counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of the work in case the person of the author is unknown. However, should the author become known during this period of time, the term of protection shall be counted from the first day of the year following the death of the author.[103]: s. 31(3) 

70 years counted from the first day of the year following the first disclosure of a collective work or a cinematographic creation.[103]: s. 31(5)(6) 
25 years from the first day of the year following the first disclosure if copyright protection of a scope consistent with the author's economic rights shall be due to the person who, following the expiration of the term of protection or the period of time determined in the term of protection shall be counted from a date other than the first day of the year following the death of the author, the author dying last, or the joint author, discloses according to the law a work previously not disclosed to the public.[103]: s. 31(7), 32 
As an exception expressions of folklore themselves do not, however, enjoy copyright protection in Hungary.[103]: s. 1(7) 

Yes[103]: s. 31(2) 
  Iceland Life + 70 years[104]
  India[105] Life + 60 years (except posthumous works)[i][106]: s. 22  60 years from publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, works of public undertakings, and works of international organisations)[106]: ss. 24–27, 28A, 29  Yes[106]: ss. 22, 24–27, 28A, 29 
  Indonesia Life + 70 years[107] 70 years from the author's death for books, musics, etc.
50 years after publication for cinematography, photograph, etc.[107]
  Iran Life + 50 years[108] 30 years from publication (photographic or cinematographic works)[109]
  Iraq Life + 50 years[110] 5 years from publication (photographic works)[111]
  Ireland Life + 70 years[112] Yes
  Israel Life + 70 years[113] 50 years from publication (photographs created until May 2007)[114] Yes[115]
  Italy Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][116]: Art. 25  		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[116]: Art. 27 

20 years from publication (copyright of State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character)

Yes[116]: s. 25, s. 32ter 
  Jamaica[117] Life + 95 years
(for authors that died in 1962 or later)[118]

Life + 50 years (for authors that died before 1962) [119]

: s. 10(1) 

95 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, work for hire)[119]: s. 10(2), s. 13A 


95 years from creation (computer-generated work, broadcast, cable programme)[119]: s. 10(4), 12(1) 
95 years from publication or if unpublished 95 years from creation (sound recording or film)[119]: s. 11 
50 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[119]: s. 13 

Yes[119]: s. 10, 11, 12, 13 
  Japan Life + 70 years[120][121]: Art. 51(2)  70 years from publication, or if unpublished, 70 years from creation (cinematographic works)[121]: Art. 54(1) 

70 years from publication, or if unpublished, 70 years from creation (works of a legal person or other corporate body)[122][121]: Art. 53(1) 
70 years from creation (cinematographic works), and 38 years after the film director's death (for films released before 1971), whichever comes last.: Art. 3 : Art. 22(3) 

Yes[121]: Art. 57 
  Jordan Life + 50 years[123]
  Kazakhstan Life + 50 years[124]
  Kenya Life + 50 years (literary, musical or artistic work other than photographs)[125]: s. 23(2)1  50 years from the latest of creation or publication (audio-visual works and photographs)[125]: s. 23(2)  Yes[125]: s. 23 
  Kiribati Life + 50 years[88]
  Kosovo Life only Yes
  North Korea Life + 50 years[126] Works authored by "an institution, enterprise or organization", 50 years from publication[126]
  South Korea Life + 70 years (amended on 2011-06-30)[127]: Art. 39  70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[127]: Art. 40 

70 years from publication, or if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works made for hire, cinematographic works)[127]: Art. 41 

Yes[127]: Art. 44 
  Kuwait TRIPS[128]
  Kyrgyzstan Life + 50 years[129]
  Laos Life + 50 years[j] 50 years after making available. Also:
• Anonymous/pseudonymous work: 50 years from the date the work was made available to the public;
• Cinematographic work: 50 years from making available, failing that, 50 years from making;
• Applied art: 25 years from date of creation.

Related: Performances, phonograms, broadcasts: 50 years since the date of performance, fixation, and broadcast, respectively.

  Latvia Life + 70 years[132]: Art. 36 
[Life + 50 years][133] 		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[134] Yes[132]: Art. 38 
  Lebanon Life + 50 years[135] 50 years after lawful publication; failing publication, 50 years after work completion. Also:
• economic rights: 50 years from performance.
• moral rights: perpetual
• broadcasters' rights: 20 years after first broadcasting.[136]
  Lesotho Life + 50 years[88]
  Liberia Life + 50 years[137]
  Libya Life + 25 years with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since)
  Liechtenstein Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][138]
  Lithuania Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][139]
  Luxembourg Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][140]
  Macau[g] Life + 50 years[141]: Art. 21(1)  50 years from publication (anonymous works)[141]: Art. 23 


50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[141]: Art. 106 
25 years from completion (works of applied art)[141]: Art. 148 

Yes[141]: Art. 21(3) 
  Madagascar Life + 70 years[142]
  Malawi Life + 50 years[143]
  Malaysia[144] Life + 50 years (literary, musical and artistic works, not posthumous)[145]: s. 17(1)  50 years after publication (posthumous work, published edition, film, live performance)[145]: s. 17(2), s. 18, s. 22, s. 23A 

50 years after publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous, pseudonymous work, sound recording, broadcast, film)[145]: s. 17(3), s. 19 
50 years after being made (broadcast)[145]: s. 20 

Yes[145]: s. 17(2), (3), s. 18, s. 19, s. 20, s. 22, s. 23A 
  Maldives Life + 50 years[146]
  Mali Life + 50 years[147]
  Malta Life + 70 years[148] Yes[148]
  Marshall Islands 0, no copyright.[k][149][150] At this stage the Republic of Marshall Islands is not member to any international convention [or treaty] on copyright[151] Instead applies a non-copyright-based protection regime. 0, no copyright.[k] Instead applies a non-copyright-based protection regime.
  Mauritania Berne, TRIPS
  Mauritius Life + 50 years[152]
  Mexico Life + 100 years (effective 23 July 2003 non-retroactively)[153]


Life + 75 years (before the law change on 23 July 2003, applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928)[154]
Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 January 1994, applicable for deaths before 1 January 1944)[155]
Life + 30 years (before the law change on 11 January 1982, applicable for deaths before 1 January 1952)

  • 75 years from the first fixation of the recording or the first performance/recording of the performance, respectively.
  • 50 years from first publication of the book, the first fixation of the recording, or the first broadcast.
 Yes (Gregorian calendar)
  Micronesia Life + 50 years[156]
  Moldova Life + 70 years[157]
  Monaco Life + 50 years[158]
  Mongolia Life + 50 years[159]
  Montenegro[l] Life + 70 years[160]
  Morocco Life + 50 years[161] 70 years after a work's lawful publication; if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's communication to the public; if no lawful communication to the public has taken place within 50 years of the making, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work is made; and

moral rights last perpetually.

70 years for Performers' rights, if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the performance, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's first performance.

70 years for Broadcasters' rights: if no lawful publication has taken place within 50 years of the work's creation, copyright lasts for 70 years after the work's creation.[162]

  Mozambique Life + 70 years[163]
  Myanmar TRIPS
  Namibia Life + 50 years (except posthumous works)[164]: s. 3(2)(a)  50 years from publication (posthumous works)[164]: s. 3(2)(a) 

50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematograph films, photographs and computer programs)[164]: s. 3(2)(b) 

Yes[164]: s. 3 
  Nauru Life + 50 years[165]: s. 18 (1)  25 years after work was made (applied art)[165]: s. 18 (4) 

25 years after publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[165]: s. 18 (5) 
50 years after the latest of creation, availability to the public, or publication (collective work or film)[165]: s. 18 (3) 
100 years after creation (government works)[165]: s. 15 (3) 

Yes[165]
    Nepal Life + 50 years 25 years from creation (applied art and photographic work)[166]
  Netherlands Life + 70 years[167] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work, corporate works with no listed natural author)[168]

25 years from publication (works first published more than 70 years after the death of the author)[169]

Yes[170]
  Caribbean Netherlands Life + 50 years[171]
  New Zealand Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work)[172]: s. 22(1)  50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[172]: s. 22(2)  Yes[172]: s. 22 
  Nicaragua Life + 70 years[173]
  Niger Life + 50 years[174]
  Nigeria Life + 70 years (literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs)[175] 70 years from publication (literary, musical or non-photograph artistic works in the case of government or a body corporate)


50 years from publication (cinematograph films and photographs)
50 years from publication (sound recordings)
50 years from publication (broadcasts)[175]

Yes[175]
  North Macedonia Life + 70 years[176]
  Norway Life + 70 years


Life + 15 years, but no less than 50 years after publication ("'simple' photographs")[177][178]

70 years following the year of death of the author (i.e. an author that died in 1950 will have their works protected until 1 January 2021). In a collective or joint work, this is counted from the death of the longest surviving author. For a motion picture, the following are to be considered authors: main director, scriptwriter, dialogue author, and composer of original musical score.

70 years for anonymous works from the year when the work was created. If such an unpublished work, whose copyright has expired, is then later published, the publisher is entitled for a copyright for 25 years from the year of publication[177]

One exception from the rule is works that are already in public domain in their country of origin who are members of the Berne Union and/or WTO. These will enter public domain in Norway once they enter public domain in the country of their origin even if less than 70 years have passed since the creators' death.[179]

"Norway also has some peculiar laws that protect «simple» photographs. I.e. photographs, such as snapshots, that are below the threshold of originality to merit copyright protection are given neighbouring rights protection. [..] The Norwegian copyright act does not address public domain directly. The Norwegian copyright law defines two basic rights for authors: economic rights and moral rights. [..] For material that is outside the scope of copyright, the phrase «i det fri» («in the free») is used. This corresponds roughly to the term «public domain» in English. Norwegian copyright law makes a distinction between copyright and neighbouring rights. Only creative and artistic works are subject to copyright. Some other types of works are protected by so-called neighbouring rights."[177]

Yes[178]
  Oman Life + 70 years[180] 90 years from the year following the publication

120 years from the year following the completion[181]

Yes
  Pakistan Life + 50 years[182] Yes[182]
  Palau Life + 50 years[183]
  Panama Life + 70 years[184] Yes
  Papua New Guinea Life + 50 years[185]
  Paraguay Life + 70 years[186]
  Peru Life + 70 years[187]
  Philippines Life + 50 years[188]: s. 213.1  50 years from publication (photographic works), or 50 years from creation if unpublished within 50 years of creation[188]: s. 213.5  Yes[188]: s. 214 
  Poland Life + 70 years[189]
  Portugal Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][190]
  Qatar Life + 50 years[191]
  Romania Life + 70 years[192]
  Russia Life + 70 years[193]

Life + 74 years (for those who fought in or worked during the Great Patriotic War (1941–1945))

Date of rehabilitation + 70 (74) years (for unlawfully prosecuted and posthumously rehabilitated)

Protection applies if copyright term of Life + 50 years (or Life + 54 years) did not expire by 1 January 1993.[194]

50 years from publication (radio and television broadcasts)[195]

50 years from creation if unpublished, or 50 years from publication (sound records)[196]

70 years from publication (anonymous works)[193]

70 years from publication if published within 70 years from death (posthumous publication)

70 years from publication if published before 3 August 1993 by a corporation (cinematographic, television, radio works, print periodicals and compilations).[194] Protection term applies to "the whole work" only, i.e. individual authors of each protectable part of the whole work retain their own copyright[197]

All works published prior to the October Revolution (7 November 1917) are believed to be uncopyrighted.

  Rwanda Berne, TRIPS
  Saint Helena Life + 50 years
  St. Kitts and Nevis Life + 50 years[88]
  St. Lucia Life + 50 years[198]
  St. Vincent and the Grenadines Life + 75 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work)[199] 75 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recording or film)[199]: s. 9(1) 


50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[199]: s. 8(4) 
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[199]: s. 10(1) 

Yes[199]: ss. 8–10 
  Samoa Life + 75 years[200]
  San Marino Life + 50 years[201]
  São Tomé and Príncipe Life + 70 years[202]
  Saudi Arabia Life + 50 years[203] The period of copyright for the author of a work shall be for the duration of his life and for a period of fifty years following his death.[204]
  Senegal Life + 70 years[205]
  Serbia[m] Life + 70 years[160]
  Seychelles Life + 50 years[206] 50 years from publication (audio-visual works)[206]: s. 9(1)(ii), (v) 

25 years from creation (applied art)[206]: s. 9(1)(iv) 

Yes[206]: s. 9(1) 
  Sierra Leone Life + 50 years[207]: s. 21  50 years from publication (photograph, film, or broadcast)[207]: s. 25 

50 years from creation (sound recording)[207]: s. 23 

  Singapore[208] Life + 70 years (except posthumous work)[209][210]: s. 28(2)  70 years from publication (posthumous work, photograph)[210]: s. 28(3), (6) 


70 years from publication (sound recordings and cinematograph films)[210]: s. 92, 93 
50 years after making (television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, cable programmes)[210]: s. 94, 95 
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[210]: s. 96 

Yes[210]: ss. 28, 92–96 
  Sint Maarten Life + 50 years[65]
  Slovakia Life + 70 years[211]
  Slovenia Life + 70 years[212]
  Solomon Islands Life + 50 years[213]
  Somalia Very unclear. See the discussion at Commons.
  South Africa Life + 50 years (literary or musical works or artistic works, other than photographs)[214]: s. 3(2)(a)  50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematography films, photographs, computer programs)[214]: s. 3(2)(b) 

50 years from publication (sound recordings; broadcasts; programme-carrying signals; and published editions)[214]: s. 3(2)(c) 

Yes[214]: s. 3 
  Spain Life + 70 years (for authors that died on or after December 7, 1987)


Life + 80 years (for authors that died before December 7, 1987)

[215]

Yes[215]: Art. 30 
  Sri Lanka Life + 70 years[216] 70 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from completion (audiovisual work)[216]
25 years from publication (applied art)[216] 		Yes[216]
  Sudan Life + 50 years[217]: s. 13(2)  25 years from publication (photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works; works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously)[217]: s. 13(3)(a), (c) 
  Suriname Life + 50 years[218] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work) (art. 39) Yes
  Sweden Life + 70 years[219] Yes[219]
  Switzerland Life + 70 years effective 1 July 1993 non-retroactively, but Life + 50 years for computer programs[220]


[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 July 1993, applicable for deaths through 1942)][221]

50 years after performance (performers' rights)[222]: Art. 39  Yes[222]: Art. 32 
  Syria Life + 50 years[223]: Art. 22  10 years from production (photographic, fine arts or plastic arts)[223]: Art. 25 
  Taiwan (Republic of China) Life + 50 years (except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[224]: Art. 30  50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[224]: Art. 32 


50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (corporate works; photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances)[224]: Arts. 33, 34 
10 years from publication (posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[224]: Art. 30 

Yes[224]: Art. 35 
  Tajikistan Berne
  Tanzania Life + 50 years[225]
  Thailand Life + 50 years[226] 50 years from publication or 50 years from creation if not published within 50 years from creation
  Timor Leste Life + 50 years[227]
  Togo Life + 50 years[228]
  Tonga Life + 50 years[229]
  Trinidad and Tobago Life + 50 years[230]
  Tunisia Life + 50 years[231]
  • Authors' rights :
    • economic rights: reproduction right; right of adaptation and translation; public performance right; broadcasting right; right of communication to the public by cable or satellite or any other means; right of communication of a broadcast work in a public place.
    • moral rights: right to claim authorship; right to object modification; right of disclosure; right of withdrawal.
  • Performers' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding performers.
  • Broadcasters' rights: The law contains no provisions regarding broadcasters.[232]
  Turkey Life + 70 years[233] 70 years from publication for work-for-hire
  Turkmenistan Life + 50 years[234]
  Tuvalu Life + 50 years[88]
  Uganda Life + 50 years[235] 50 years from publication (corporate works, anonymous works, and computer programs)[235]
  Ukraine Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years (1994–2001)][236] 		70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)
70 years from publication (published within 30 years from authors' deaths)[236] 		Yes[236]
  United Arab Emirates Life + 50 years[237]
  United Kingdom Life + 70 years

If there are multiple authors, life of last surviving author + 70 years[238]: s. 12 

For films, life + 70 years for the last to die of: principal director, author of screenplay, author of dialogue, or composer of music specifically created for and used in the film.[238]: s. 13B 

70 years if the author is unknown

70 years after release; if not released, 70 years after making (sound recordings).[239] Recordings which entered the public domain prior to 1 January 2013 are not retroactively covered.

50 years from end of calendar year when the broadcast was first made (broadcasts)[238]: s. 14 

Yes[238]: s. 12, 13 
  United States[240] Life + 70 years (works published since 1978 or unpublished works)[241] 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation, whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978)[242]

95 years from publication for works published 1964–1977; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95 years from publication for works published 1929–1963 (copyrights prior to 1929 have expired, not including copyrights on sound recordings fixed prior to 15 February 1972, covered only under state laws.)[243]

Yes[244]
Universal Copyright Convention minimum terms Life + 25 years (general works)[245] 25 years from publication (specific works not based on authors' deaths)[245]

10 years (photographic works or to works of applied art)[246]

  Uruguay Life + 70 years[247] 70 years after the work is made available (anonymous and pseudonymous works)[248]

70 years from publication (collective works)[248]

Yes[248]
  Uzbekistan Life + 70 years[249]
  Vanuatu Life + 50 years[250] 25 years after the work is made (works of applied art)[250]

50 years after the latest of: the date the work is made, the date the work is made available to the public or the date of first publication (works published anonymously or under a pseudonym, collective works and audiovisual works)[250]
50 years after the death of the last author to die (works of joint authorship)[250]

Yes[250]
  Vatican City Life + 70 years[251]
  Venezuela Life + 60 years[252]: Art. 25  60 years from publication; 60 years from creation if unpublished (an audiovisual work, a broadcast work or a computer program)[252]: Art. 37 

60 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[252]: Art. 27 

Yes[252]: Arts. 25–27 
  Vietnam Berne
  Yemen Life + 30 years 10 years from the date of issue from 1 January of the year of issue for photographs;

25 years from the date of production from 1 January of the production year for motion picture or television film.[253]

After expiry of copyright, the work "may be announced to be the ownership of the State" (emphasis added).[253]

  Zambia Life + 50 years[254]
  Zimbabwe Life + 50 years[255][256]: s. 5(3), 6(3)(a)  50 years from publication (photographs)[256]: s. 6(3)(b) 


50 years from creation (Sound recordings)[256]: s. 16(2) 
50 years from publication (cinematograph films, broadcasts)[256]: s. 17(2), s. 18(2) 

Yes[256]: s. 6, 16–18 

See also

edit

Notes

edit
  1. ^ a b Terms of protection were taken from a variety of sources, including WIPO, UNESCO and the University of Pennsylvania (see External links). Where no more specific information is available for a country, an indication of its probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as:
    • a signatory of the Berne Convention ("Berne"); minimum term of life + 50 years, except for photographs.
    • a member of the WTO ("TRIPS"); minimum term of life + 50 years.
    • a candidate for membership of the European Union ("EU"); term must be life + 70 years before accession.
  2. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.
  3. ^ A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay, the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic work.
  4. ^ Examples of protected works are literature, music, theatre, film, the visual arts – including photography, architecture, decorative arts – and computer programmes. It is the expression of the work which is protected – that is to say, the work's singular design or presentation. Copyright applies from the moment of creation of the work. Thus, protection does not depend on any kind of registration.[69]
  5. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue, the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for the work and the main director.
  6. ^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.
  7. ^ a b The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under international copyright and trade law
  8. ^ Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive: (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.
  9. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works.
  10. ^ The law entered into force 16 January 2012.[130][131]
  11. ^ a b Unauthorized sale or commercial use of sound & audio-visual recordings is prohibited (Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act, 1991).
  12. ^ Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro. See Serbia also.
  13. ^ Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro, which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective 17 June 1930

References

edit
  1. ^ a b Berne Convention Article 7.
  2. ^ Circular 38A: International Copyright Relations of the United States (PDF). U.S. Copyright Office. 2014. p. 2. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
  3. ^ Berne Convention Article 5.
  4. ^ "WIPO - Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works".
  5. ^ WEX Definitions Team. "Berne Convention". Cornell Law School.
  6. ^ "Summary of the Berne Convention". World Intellectual Property Organization.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g "Copyright law of Afghanistan-22/07/2008" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
  8. ^ a b c d "Law No. 7564, dated April 19, 1992, on Copyright". 1 May 2008. Archived from the original on 30 October 2007. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  9. ^ a b Art. 19, Lei no. 101/III/90 de 29 de dezembro de 1990[permanent dead link‍]
  10. ^ a b c d "DZ001: Droits d'auteur, Ordonnance, 19/07/2003 – 1424, n° 03-05". 1 May 2008. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  11. ^ a b c d "Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  12. ^ a b c Art. 72 and 73(1), Copyright Law n° 15/14, July 2014 1990 (PDF).
  13. ^ a b "IP laws revised – Anguilla". Iprfirm.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  14. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical or copyright artistic work.
  15. ^ a b c d e "Copyright Act, 2002" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  16. ^ a b c "Copyright, Law (Consolidation), 28/09/1933 (14/10/1998), No. 11.723 (No. 25.036)". 21 February 2005. Archived from the original on 21 February 2005. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  17. ^ "Amplían a 70 años los derechos de propiedad de los intérpretes" (in Spanish). Clarín.com. 14 December 2009. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  18. ^ Facundo García (25 November 2009). "¿Setenta años no es nada?" (in Spanish). Página/12. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  19. ^ "Veinte Años Robados al Pueblo" (in Spanish). Derecho a leer. 19 November 2009. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  20. ^ "Se extendió de 50 a 70 años la propiedad intelectual de los fonogramas e intérpretes" (in Spanish). eLeVe. 15 December 2009. Archived from the original on 23 October 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  21. ^ a b Art. 34 Ley 11.723 del 28 de septiembre de 1933, as modified by Ley 24.870 del 11 de septiembre de 1997, as amended by Law 25006 B.O. 13 August 1998.
  22. ^ a b c LLC, Helix Consulting. "Legislation – Intellectual Property Agency". Archived from the original on 18 April 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  23. ^ "What is Copyright?". Aruba Bureau of Intellectual Property. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  24. ^ a b c d e Copyright Act 1968 Archived 25 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine (Australia)
  25. ^ a b c Information Sheets G023 (Duration), Australian Copyright Council Archived 30 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  26. ^ a b c "Copyright, Law (Consolidation), 09/04/1936 (1998), No. 111 (No. 25)". Archived from the original on 30 November 2004.
  27. ^ § 1(2), Urheberrechtsgesetznovelle 1972 (Nr. 492, 16 December 1972)
  28. ^ a b c "Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996, as last amended 30 April 2013" (PDF). Retrieved 8 January 2022.
  29. ^ a b c "Copyright, Decree, 07/06/1993 - 1413, No. 10". Archived from the original on 12 November 2004.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g "Copy Right Act, 2000" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 31 May 2019.
  31. ^ Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g "Copyright, Act, 05/03/1998, No. 4". Archived from the original on 5 August 2012.
  33. ^ a b c d e f "Law of the Republic of Belarus on Copyright and Related Rights". Archived from the original on 21 March 2005.
  34. ^ a b "Code de droit économique". Justel. Archived from the original on 31 January 2020. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  35. ^ a b c d s. 10, Copyright Act Ch. 252 Archived 12 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ How long does copyright last? Archived 29 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine from Bermuda Government website.
  37. ^ Art. 7, Berne Convention(1)
  38. ^ a b Art. 7(6), Berne Convention(1)
  39. ^ Art. 7(2), Berne Convention(1)
  40. ^ Art. 7(3), Berne Convention(1)
  41. ^ Art. 7(4), Berne Convention(1)
  42. ^ Art. 7(5), Berne Convention(1)
  43. ^ s. 18, Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001
  44. ^ Art. 18, Ley No 1322 de 13 de abril de 1992
  45. ^ Art. 84, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (7/02)
  46. ^ Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, Act No. 8 of 2000
  47. ^ "Brazil: Law No. 9.610 of February 19, 1998 (Law on Copyright and Neighboring Rights)". Archived from the original on 3 December 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  48. ^ "Country: Brunei Darussalam" (PDF). WIPO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 January 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  49. ^ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, last changed in 2007 Archived 9 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  50. ^ Art. 34, Loi N°032-99AN portant protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique Archived 14 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  51. ^ a b ACT No. 1/021 of December 30, 2005, On the Protection of Copyright and Related Rights in Burundi" Archived 14 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. WIPO.int.
  52. ^ Art. 30, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2003
  53. ^ Art. 37, Loi no 2000/011 du 19 décembre 2000 Archived 15 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  54. ^ "An Act to implement certain provisions of the budget tabled in Parliament on April 7, 2022 and other measures". Parliament of Canada. 23 June 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  55. ^ "PC Number: 2022-1219". Canada.ca. 17 November 2022. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  56. ^ a b s. 6, Copyright Act (R.S., 1985, c. C-42) Archived 22 January 2020 at the Wayback Machine;
    s. 7, S.C. 1997, c. 24
  57. ^ Art. 3, Law 19914 implementing free trade agreement with the US (2003) Archived 19 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  58. ^ a b c Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China, Art. 21.
  59. ^ a b c "Colombia: Law No. 23 of 1982 (January 28) – On Copyright". Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  60. ^ a b c d "Ordinance-Law No. 86-033 of April 5, 1986". Archived from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 4 October 2019.
  61. ^ a b Law No. 24/82 of 7 July 1982, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Archived 12 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  62. ^ Art. 58, Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos Archived 28 September 2014 at the Wayback Machine (as last amended by Law No. 8834 of 3 May 2010)
  63. ^ a b c "Law No. 96-564 of July 25, 1996 on the Protection of Intellectual Works and the Rights of Authors, Performers and Phonogram and Videogram Producers". Archived from the original on 30 November 2004.
  64. ^ Art. 99, Copyright and Related Rights Act Archived 23 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine
  65. ^ a b Copy right directive 1913 (Netherlands Antilles) Archived 16 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine, last amended 1 March 2004.
  66. ^ "Copyright Act 2006" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.
  67. ^ a b c "Copyright, Act, 07/04/2000, No. 121". Archived from the original on 28 November 2004.
  68. ^ s. 63, Consolidated Act on Copyright 2006 [dead link‍]
  69. ^ ERICarts, Council of Europe. "Denmark: 5.1 General legislation : 5.1.7 Copyright provisions". culturalpolicies.net. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  70. ^ a b c d "Law No. 154/AN/06 of July 23, 2006 on the Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  71. ^ s. 11, Copyright Act 2003
  72. ^ Art. 21, Ley 65-00 sobre Derecho de Autor del 24 de agosto de 2000, modificada por la Ley No. 424-06 de Implementación del DR-CAFTA
  73. ^ Art. 80, Ley No. 83 de Propiedad Intelectual (1998)
  74. ^ Art. 160, Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
  75. ^ Art. 86, Decreto Legislativo No. 604 del 15 de julio de 1993
  76. ^ "WIPOLex". wipolex.wipo.int. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  77. ^ "WIPOLex". wipolex.wipo.int. Archived from the original on 3 August 2020. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
  78. ^ a b "Eritrean Civil Code". Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
  79. ^ a b c *"Autoriõiguse seadus (AutÕS)" [Copyright Act (effective from 28 November 2018)] (in Estonian). Estonia: Riigi Teataja. 28 November 2018. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
    • "Copyright Act". Estonia: Riigi Teataja. 28 November 2018. Archived from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 6 December 2018.
  80. ^ Copyright Act No. 36 of 1912
  81. ^ Wondwossen Belete (2004), The Intellectual Property System in Ethiopia, Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office, Addis Ababa, December 2004; see also [1] Archived 26 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  82. ^ a b c "EUR-Lex – 32006L0116 – EN – EUR-Lex". Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  83. ^ "Copyright Act 1999" (PDF). 1999. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  84. ^ Art. 43, Law No. 404/1961, as amended by Law No. 1654/1995
  85. ^ a b c "Copyright, Act, 08/07/1961, amendments followed up to 22/05/2015". Archived from the original on 25 May 2021. Retrieved 25 May 2021.
  86. ^ a b c d e f g "France: Code de la propriété intellectuelle (version consolidée au 23 février 2015)" (in French). WIPO. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  87. ^ Judgement No. 280 of 27 February 2007 Court of Cassation – First Civil Chamber 04-12138 Archived 17 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  88. ^ a b c d e Copyright Act 1956 (p)
  89. ^ Art. 31, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 22 June 1999
  90. ^ § 64 Urheberrechtsgesetz [2] Archived 23 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine, as amended by the Law of 17 December 2008
  91. ^ "UrhG – Einzelnorm". Archived from the original on 17 January 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  92. ^ "UrhG – Einzelnorm". Archived from the original on 20 January 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  93. ^ Art. 12, Copyright Act, 2005
  94. ^ a b c Law 2121/1993
  95. ^ Copyright Act, dated 3 February 1989
  96. ^ a b c Decreto No. 33-98, as modified by Art. 13, Decreto No. 56-2000
  97. ^ Copyright Act 1956
  98. ^ Decree of 9 January 1968, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works
  99. ^ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights Archived 24 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  100. ^ a b "Art. 30, Decreto Ley 16 2006: Implementación del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la República Dominicana, Centroamérica y Estados Unidos". Cerlalc.org. 2006. Archived from the original on 19 February 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  101. ^ a b c "Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528)". Government of Hong Kong. 30 June 1997. Archived from the original on 3 September 2006. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  102. ^ a b c d "Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528)". Government of Hong Kong. 30 June 1997. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  103. ^ a b c d e f g Art. 31, Act No. LXXVI of 1999 on Copyright (consolidated text as of January 1, 2007) Archived 4 April 2016 at the Wayback Machine, wipo.int (access-date: 18 January 2016)
  104. ^ Art. 43, Act No. 73/1972, as amended by Art. 4, Act No. 145/1996
  105. ^ See also Copyright in India Archived 3 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine.
  106. ^ a b c Copyright Act, 1957
  107. ^ a b World Intellectual Property Organization (ed.). "Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 28 of September 16, 2014, on Copyright". Indonesia IP Laws and Treaties. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 10 March 2017.
  108. ^ Reformation of article 12 (22 August 2010) Copyright Law of 12 January 1970 Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  109. ^ Art. 16, Copyright Law of 12 January 1970 Archived 5 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  110. ^ s. 2(11), Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 2004/83 Archived 12 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine
  111. ^ "Copyright Protection Act No.3 (1971)". Archived from the original on 18 October 2014.
  112. ^ s. 24, Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000 Archived 17 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  113. ^ Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 Archived 14 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 5(4), Copyright Ordinance 1924 Archived 23 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  114. ^ Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 Archived 14 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine | Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 21, Copyright, Act (Consolidation), 16/12/1911 Archived 5 August 2012 at archive.today
  115. ^ Post-2007: Israeli Copyright Act of 2007 Archived 14 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine | Pre-2007: Crown Law: Art. 5(3), Copyright Ordinance 1924 Archived 23 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  116. ^ a b c Law No. 633 of 22 April 1941, as amended by Art. 17, Law No. 52 of 6 February 1996
  117. ^ Limited, Jamaica Observer. "Golding says Copyright Law will bolster creative industries – News". Archived from the original on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  118. ^ "Jamaican Government Steals Years Of Public Domain Works From Its People". 9 September 2015. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  119. ^ a b c d e f The Copyright Act Archived 31 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine, as amended by The Copyright (Amendment) Act 2015 Archived 27 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  120. ^ "Japan Law Extending Copyright Protection Period for Rightsholders Goes Live". Billboard. Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 31 December 2018.
  121. ^ a b c d Law No. 48 of 6 May 1970 Archived 5 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine, as amended in 2010
  122. ^ "環太平洋パートナーシップ協定の締結に伴う関係法律の整備 / 文化庁" [Development of related laws in conjunction with the conclusion of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement] (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on 30 March 2019. Retrieved 6 April 2019.
  123. ^ Art. 30, Law No. 22 of 1992, as amended
  124. ^ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 1996
  125. ^ a b c "Copyright Act, 2001" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  126. ^ a b Copyright Law of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, discussed at: Paul Karl Lukacs (3 August 2007). "Everything You've Ever Wanted To Know About the North Korean Copyright Act". The Nomad Lawyer. Archived from the original on 23 August 2011. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  127. ^ a b c d "Treaties > Laws & Treaties". South Korea: .or.kr. Archived from the original on 10 January 2019. Retrieved 9 January 2019.
  128. ^ | Decree Law No. 64 of 1999 concerning Intellectual Property Rights
  129. ^ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 16 December 1997
  130. ^ "Part 6. Term of Protection of Copyright and Related Rights" (PDF), Law on Intellectual Property (Amended), Lao People's Democratic Republic (via WIPO), 20 December 2011, archived (PDF) from the original on 19 February 2014, retrieved 30 January 2014
  131. ^ "Law No. 01/NA of December 20, 2011, on Intellectual Property (as amended)". WIPO. 16 January 2012. Archived from the original on 6 June 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2014.
  132. ^ a b "LV017: Copyright, Act, 06/04/2000". WIPO. 6 April 2000. Archived from the original on 10 April 2008.
  133. ^ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 11 May 1993
  134. ^ Art. 37(2), Copyright Law of 6 April 2000
  135. ^ Art. 49, Loi sur la protection de la propriété littéraire et artistique (no. 75 du 3 avril 1999)
  136. ^ "Copyright and related rights in Lebanon". Euromed Audiovisual. Archived from the original on 7 August 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  137. ^ s. 2.20, An Act Adopting a New Copyright Law of the Republic of Liberia Archived 14 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  138. ^ Art. 32, Law of 19 May 1999
    [Art. 36, Law of 26 October 1928
  139. ^ Art. 34, Law No. IX-1355 (2003)
    [Art. 536, Civil Code as modified by Law No. I-459 (1994) Archived 17 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine
  140. ^ Art. 9, Law of 18 April 2001
    [Art. 2, Law of 29 March 1972]
  141. ^ a b c d e "Decreto-Lei n.º 43/99/M de 16 de Agosto, republicação pela Lei n.º 5/2012" [Decree-Law 43/99/M of August 16, 1999, republished by Law 5/2012]. Archived from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 9 February 2023.
  142. ^ Art. 52, Loi no. 94-036 portant sur la propriété littéraire et artistique[permanent dead link‍]
  143. ^ s. 13, Copyright Act, 1989
  144. ^ "Malaysia Doesn't Need Another 20 Years of Copyright". Electronic Frontier Foundation. 5 August 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  145. ^ a b c d e "Copyright Act 1987" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 26 September 2016.
  146. ^ "Maldives: The Copyright & Related Rights Act". wipo.int. Archived from the original on 14 September 2017. Retrieved 14 September 2017.
  147. ^ Art. 90, Loi No. 8426/AN-RM
  148. ^ a b Camilleri, Antoine (9 September 2010). "Intellectual property in Malta: Copyright". The Times (Malta). Archived from the original on 17 March 2016. Retrieved 5 September 2016.
  149. ^ "Unauthorized Copies of Recorded Materials Act 1991 [20 MIRC Ch.2]". PacLII. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  150. ^ "Republic of the Marshall Islands". Pacific Islands Forum Intellectual Property Portal. Archived from the original on 10 November 2010. Retrieved 23 March 2016.
  151. ^ "Marshall Islands". World Intellectual Property Organization. Archived from the original on 4 September 2014. Retrieved 29 August 2014.
  152. ^ s. 12, Copyright Act 1997
  153. ^ "Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor" (PDF) (in Spanish). Mexico. 2003–2020. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022.
  154. ^ Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (1996)
  155. ^ Art. 9, Decreto que reforma, adiciona y deroga disposiciones de diversas leyes relacionadas con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte Archived 31 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine, and the fourth transitional provision of the same, making the change from 50 pma to 75 pma non-retroactive.
  156. ^ § 113, Federated States of Micronesia Code, Title 35 Archived 9 September 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  157. ^ "Republic of Moldova: Law No. 139 of July 2, 2010, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights". WIPO. Archived from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  158. ^ "Textes non codifiés – Ordonnance n. 5.501 du 09/01/1975 rendant exécutoire à Monaco la convention de Berne pour la protection des œuvres littéraires et artistiques du 9 septembre 1886, telle que révisée à Paris le 24 juillet 1971" (in French). LégiMonaco. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  159. ^ Art. 17, Law on Copyright of 1993
  160. ^ a b Art. 100, Law on Copyright and Related Rights
  161. ^ Art. 25, Loi no. 2-00 relative aux droits d'auteur et droits voisins
  162. ^ "ICLG – International Comparative Legal GuidesMorocco – Copyright 2016". ICLG – International Comparative Legal GuidesMorocco – Copyright 2016. Archived from the original on 10 February 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  163. ^ Art. 22, Law No. 4/2001
  164. ^ a b c d "Copyright Act 98 of 1978, as amended by s. 3, Act 52 of 1984, s. 3, Act 125 of 1992 and by s. 52, Act 38 of 1997" (PDF). UNESCO. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  165. ^ a b c d e f "Copyright Act 2019 (No. 17 of 2019)" (PDF). Government of Nauru. Retrieved 13 November 2024.
  166. ^ "The Copyright Act, 2059 (2002)" (PDF). Government of Nepal, Ministry of Federal Affairs, Constituent Assembly, Parliamentary Affairs and Culture. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 25 April 2011.
  167. ^ Auteurswet (Dutch) Archived 16 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine; Art. 37, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995 [dead link‍]
  168. ^ Auteurswet (Dutch) Archived 16 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine; Art. 38, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995 [dead link‍]
  169. ^ Copyright Act, 1912, article 45o, part 2
  170. ^ "wetten.nl – Regeling – Auteurswet – BWBR0001886". Archived from the original on 16 May 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  171. ^ "Copy right law BES 2010" (in Dutch). Wetten.overheid.nl. 13 December 2011. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  172. ^ a b c "Copyright, Act (Consolidation), 1913 (15/12/1994), (No. 143)". Archived from the original on 27 January 2005.
  173. ^ Art. 27, Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (No. 312)
  174. ^ Art. 22, Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore
  175. ^ a b c Schedule I, Copyright Act (Chapter C.28), 2004 Archived 13 April 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  176. ^ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights No. 47/96 as amended Archived 18 October 2002 at the Wayback Machine
  177. ^ a b c Hannemyr, Gisle (11 June 2009). "Copyright, etc. terms in Norway" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 23 February 2016.
  178. ^ a b s. 40, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961. Relating to copyright in literary, scientific and artistic works, etc., with subsequent amendments, latest of 16 April 1999 Archived 6 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine
  179. ^ "§ 6–3 SForskrift til åndsverkloven (lov av 12. mai 1961 nr. 2 om opphavsrett til åndsverk m.v.) (Norwegian)". Archived from the original on 11 May 2020. Retrieved 22 February 2020.
  180. ^ "Articles 26 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  181. ^ "Articles 26–30 of The Law For The Protection of Copyright and Neighbouring Rights". Royal Decree 65/2008. Ministry of Commerce and Industry. 2008. Archived from the original on 14 January 2012. Retrieved 23 August 2012.
  182. ^ a b s. 18, Copyright Ordinance 1962, as amended to year 2000 Archived 3 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  183. ^ s. 16, Republic of Palau Copyright Act of 2003
  184. ^ Art. 59, Ley No 64 del 10 de octubre de 2012
  185. ^ s. 17, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000[permanent dead link‍]
  186. ^ Art. 47, Ley No. 1328/98 de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos
  187. ^ Art. 52, Decreto legislativo 822 del 23 de abril de 1996
  188. ^ a b c "Intellectual Property Code" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 October 2008.
  189. ^ Art. 36, Law of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, as amended by the Law of 22 July 2000 [dead link‍]
  190. ^ Art. 31, Code of Copyright and Related Rights Archived 27 March 2005 at archive.today, as amended by Decree Law No. 334/97 of 27 November 1997
  191. ^ s. 15, Law No. 7 of 2002[dead link‍]
  192. ^ "LEGE (A) 8 14/03/1996 - Portal Legislativ". legislatie.just.ro. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  193. ^ a b "Article 1281 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  194. ^ a b "Федеральный закон от 18.12.2006 N 231-ФЗ "О введении в действие части четвертой Гражданского кодекса Российской Федерации" (с изменениями и дополнениями)". Archived from the original on 18 January 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  195. ^ "Article 1330 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  196. ^ "Article 1317 of Civil Code". Consultant.ru. Archived from the original on 7 June 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  197. ^ Civil Code of the RSFSR, Articles 484–487
  198. ^ s. 10, Copyright Act, 1995
  199. ^ a b c d e "Copyright Act, 2003" (PDF). 2003. Retrieved 8 June 2012.[permanent dead link‍]
  200. ^ "Copyright Act 1998". WIPO. 2 April 2012. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  201. ^ Art. 36, Legge n. 8 del 25 gennaio 1991 Archived 29 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  202. ^ Art. 31 Código del Derecho de Autor e Dos Direitos Conexos (aprobado por el Decreto-Lei n.º 02/2017) Archived 30 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
  203. ^ "Royal Decree No: M/41 2nd Rajab 1424 H August 30, 2003" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 March 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  204. ^ "Copyright Law | The Embassy of The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia". www.saudiembassy.net. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
  205. ^ "Loi 2008–09 du 25-01-2008 sur le droit d'auteur et les droits voisins" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2012. Retrieved 26 August 2012.
  206. ^ a b c d "Copyright Act, 2014" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 February 2015. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  207. ^ a b c "Sierra Leone Copyright Act 2011" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  208. ^ See also the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore factsheet. Archived 11 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  209. ^ Literary, dramatic or musical work, or in an artistic work other than a photograph
  210. ^ a b c d e f "Singapore Statutes Online – Home". Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  211. ^ § 21, Law on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright (Copyright Act) No. 618/2003 Archived 5 August 2012 at archive.today
  212. ^ Art. 59, Copyright and Related Rights Act of 30 March 1995
  213. ^ s. 3, Copyright Act (Ch. 138) Archived 20 August 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  214. ^ a b c d "South Africa: Copyright Act, 1978 (Act No. 98 of 1978, as amended up to Copyright Amendment Act 2002)". Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  215. ^ a b "Áreas de cultura: Propiedad Intelectual – Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 March 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  216. ^ a b c d "Intellectual Property Act, No. 36 of 2003" (PDF). Parliament of Sri Lanka. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 June 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  217. ^ a b "SD001: Copyright, Act, 12/12/1996". Archived from the original on 29 May 2008.
  218. ^ SASUR -Wet auteursrecht art. 38 Archived 10 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine|date=January
  219. ^ a b Art. 43, Act 1960:729 Archived 24 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine, as modified by Act 1995:1273
  220. ^ Art. 29 Urheberrechtgesetz Archived 11 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine/ Loi sur le droit d'auteur Archived 22 December 2007 at the Wayback Machine par. 2
  221. ^ Tschentscher, Axe. "BGE 124 III 266". servat.unibe.ch. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  222. ^ a b P, Bundeskanzlei -. "SR 231.1 Bundesgesetz vom 9. Oktober 1992 über das Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte (Urheberrechtsgesetz, URG)". Archived from the original on 11 January 2013. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  223. ^ a b "Law No. 12/2001" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  224. ^ a b c d e "Laws & Regulations Database and The Republic of China". Archived from the original on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
  225. ^ s. 14, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1999
  226. ^ s. 19, Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994)
  227. ^ Art. 119, Law No. 14/2022
  228. ^ Art. 36, Loi no. 91-12 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins
  229. ^ s. 13, Copyright Act (Cap. 121)
  230. ^ s. 19, Copyright Act, 1997[dead link‍]
  231. ^ Art. 18, Loi no. 94-36
  232. ^ "Copyright and related rights in Tunisia". Euromed Audiovisual. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2016.
  233. ^ Art. 27, Law No. 5846 of 5 December 1951
  234. ^ Art. 1094, Civil Code of Turkmenistan
  235. ^ a b "COPYRIGHT". Uganda Registration Services Bureau. Archived from the original on 2 March 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  236. ^ a b c Art. 28, Law of Ukraine on Copyright and Related Rights, 1993 with amendments 2004 Archived 29 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  237. ^ s. 20, Federal Law No. 7 of 2002 Archived 4 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  238. ^ a b c d Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 Archived 26 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine, as amended by s. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995 Archived 24 December 2012 at archive.today
  239. ^ Copyright term for sound recordings increases from 50 to 70 years today Archived 15 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine. MusicWeek, 1 November 2013.
  240. ^ Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States Archived 25 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine by Peter B. Hirtle.
  241. ^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(a)
  242. ^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(c)
  243. ^ 17 U.S.C. § 30417 U.S.C. § 301(c)
  244. ^ 17 U.S.C. § 305
  245. ^ a b Article IV 2(a), Universal Copyright Convention
  246. ^ Article IV 3, Universal Copyright Convention
  247. ^ "Ley N° 17616". impo.com.uy (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  248. ^ a b c "Ley N° 9739". impo.com.uy (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 7 January 2018.
  249. ^ Art. 38, Law No. 272-I of 30 August 1996 Archived 3 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine (amended Archived 3 September 2021 at the Wayback Machine as of 2021)
  250. ^ a b c d e Art. 19, Copyright and Related Rights Act 2000 Archived 16 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  251. ^ "N. XII. Legge sil diritto di autore" (PDF). 1960. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
  252. ^ a b c d "Ley sobre el Dercho de Autor as modified by the Decreto del 14 de agosto de 1993". Archived from the original on 28 November 2004.
  253. ^ a b "Intellectual Property Law. Law No. 19 for the Year 1994" (PDF). Official Gazette No. 20 issued on 27 Jumada I, 1415 A.H. corresponding to 31 October 1994. 31 October 1994. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  254. ^ s. 12, Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994
  255. ^ Literary, dramatic, and musical works; non-photograph artistic works.
  256. ^ a b c d e "Zimbabwe: Copyright, Act (Ch. 26:1 Consolidation), 1966 (1981), No. 60 (No. 29)". Archived from the original on 9 June 2008.
edit
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_copyright_terms_of_countries&oldid=1257160544"
  NODES
design 2
Done 3
eth 6
News 1
orte 7
reformation 1
see 9