The office of Prime Minister of Egypt was established in 1878, together with the Cabinet of Egypt, after Khedive Isma'il Pasha agreed to turn his powers over to a cabinet of ministers modeled after those of Europe. Nubar Pasha was thus the first Prime Minister of Egypt in the modern sense.
Egypt has a long history with a prime minister-type position existing in its governance. Under various Islamic empires, Egypt had Viziers, a political office similar in authority and structure (in terms of being second in command to the head of state) to that of a prime minister. During the Old, Middle, and New Kingdom phases of Ancient Egypt, it was common practice for the Pharaoh to appoint a second in command officer whose position is translated to as Vizier. This pattern of having a prime minister/vizier position in government was only broken for an extended period of time during Roman and Sasanian governance of Egypt, in which Egypt was directly ruled by appointed Governors.
In Arabic, the official term for Prime Minister more directly translates to 'President of the Ministers'. This is not to be confused with President of Egypt, which is a separate post.
The current Prime Minister of Egypt is Mostafa Madbouly, since 7 June 2018.[1]
List of officeholders
edit| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | Head(s) of state (Reign / Term) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | Time in office | |||||
 • Khedivate of Egypt (1878–1914) • 
| |||||||
| 1 | 
|
Nubar Pasha نوبار باشا (1824–1899) |
28 August 1878 | 23 February 1879 | 179 days | Independent | Isma'il Pasha (1863–1879) |
| — |
|
Isma'il Pasha إسماعيل باشا (1830–1895) (Khedive) |
23 February 1879 | 10 March 1879 | 15 days | Independent | |
| 2 | 
|
Tewfik Pasha محمد توفيق باشا (1852–1892) |
10 March 1879 | 7 April 1879 | 28 days | Independent | |
| 3 | 
|
Mohamed Sherif Pasha محمد شريف باشا (1826–1887) |
7 April 1879 | 18 August 1879 | 133 days | Independent | |
| — |
|
Tewfik Pasha محمد توفيق باشا (1852–1892) (Khedive) |
18 August 1879 | 21 September 1879 | 34 days | Independent | Tewfik Pasha (1879–1892) |
| 4 | 
|
Riyad Pasha رياض باشا (1836–1911) |
21 September 1879 | 10 September 1881 | 1 year, 354 days | Independent | |
| (3) |
|
Mohamed Sherif Pasha محمد شريف باشا (1826–1887) |
14 September 1881 | 4 February 1882 | 143 days | Independent | |
| 5 | 
|
Mahmoud Sami Elbaroudi محمود سامي البارودي (1838–1904) |
4 February 1882 | 26 May 1882 | 111 days | Independent | |
| 6 | 
|
Isma'il Raghib Pasha إسماعيل راغب باشا (1819–1884) |
18 June 1882 | 21 August 1882 | 64 days | Independent | |
| — | 
|
Ahmed Urabi أحمد عرابي (1841–1911) In rebellion |
1 July 1882 | 13 September 1882 (deposed) |
74 days | Military | |
| (3) |
|
Mohamed Sherif Pasha محمد شريف باشا (1826–1887) |
21 August 1882 | 7 January 1884 | 1 year, 139 days | Independent | |
| (1) |
|
Nubar Pasha نوبار باشا (1824–1899) |
10 January 1884 | 9 June 1888 | 4 years, 151 days | Independent | |
| (4) |
|
Riyad Pasha رياض باشا (1836–1911) |
9 June 1888 | 12 May 1891 | 2 years, 337 days | Independent | |
| 7 | 
|
Mustafa Fahmi Pasha مصطفى فهمي باشا (1840–1914) |
12 May 1891 | 15 January 1893 | 1 year, 248 days | Independent | |
| 8 | 
|
Hussein Fakhry Pasha حسين فخري باشا (1843–1910) |
15 January 1893 | 17 January 1893 | 2 days | Independent | Abbas Helmi II (1892–1914) |
| (4) |
|
Riyad Pasha رياض باشا (1836–1911) |
17 January 1893 | 16 April 1894 | 1 year, 89 days | Independent | |
| (1) |
|
Nubar Pasha نوبار باشا (1824–1899) |
16 April 1894 | 12 November 1895 | 1 year, 210 days | Independent | |
| (7) |
|
Mustafa Fahmi Pasha مصطفى فهمي باشا (1840–1914) |
12 November 1895 | 12 November 1908 | 13 years | Independent | |
| 9 | 
|
Boutros Ghali بطرس غالي (1846–1910) |
12 November 1908 | 21 February 1910 (assassinated) |
1 year, 101 days | Independent | |
| 10 | 
|
Mohamed Said Pasha محمد سعيد باشا (1863–1928) |
22 February 1910 | 5 April 1914 | 4 years, 42 days | Independent | |
| 11 | 
|
Hussein Roshdy Pasha حسين رشدي باشا (1863–1928) |
5 April 1914 | 19 December 1914 | 258 days | Independent | |
 • Sultanate of Egypt (1914–1922) •
| |||||||
| (11) |
|
Hussein Roshdy Pasha حسين رشدي باشا (1863–1928) |
19 December 1914 | 12 April 1919 | 4 years, 114 days | Independent | Hussein Kamel (1914–1917) |
| (10) |
|
Mohamed Said Pasha محمد سعيد باشا (1863–1928) |
21 May 1919 | 19 November 1919 | 182 days | Independent | Fuad I (1917–1936) |
| 12 | 
|
Youssef Wahba Pasha يوسف باشا وهبة (1852–1934) |
19 November 1919 | 20 May 1920 | 183 days | Independent | |
| 13 | 
|
Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha محمد توفيق نسيم باشا (1874–1938) |
20 May 1920 | 16 March 1921 | 300 days | Independent | |
| 14 | 
|
Adly Yakan Pasha عدلي يكن باشا (1864–1933) |
16 March 1921 | 1 March 1922 | 350 days | Liberal Constitutional Party | |
 • Kingdom of Egypt (1922–1953) • 
| |||||||
| 15 | 
|
Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha عبد الخالق ثروت باشا (1873–1928) |
1 March 1922 | 30 November 1922 | 274 days | Liberal Constitutional Party | Fuad I (1917–1936) |
| (13) |
|
Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha محمد توفيق نسيم باشا (1874–1938) |
30 November 1922 | 15 March 1923 | 105 days | Independent | |
| 16 | 
|
Yahya Ibrahim Pasha يحى إبراهيم (1861–1936) |
15 March 1923 | 26 January 1924 | 317 days | Independent | |
| 17 | 
|
Saad Zaghloul Pasha سعد زغلول (1857–1927) |
26 January 1924 | 24 November 1924 | 303 days | Wafd Party | |
| 18 | 
|
Ahmed Zeiwar Pasha أحمد زيوار باشا (1864–1945) |
24 November 1924 | 7 June 1926 | 1 year, 195 days | Ittihad Party | |
| (14) |
|
Adly Yakan Pasha عدلي يكن باشا (1864–1933) |
7 June 1926 | 26 April 1927 | 323 days | Liberal Constitutional Party | |
| (15) |
|
Abdel Khalek Sarwat Pasha عبد الخالق ثروت باشا (1873–1928) |
26 April 1927 | 16 March 1928 | 325 days | Liberal Constitutional Party | |
| 19 | 
|
Mostafa El-Nahas Pasha مصطفى النحاس باشا (1879–1965) |
16 March 1928 | 27 June 1928 | 103 days | Wafd Party | |
| 20 | 
|
Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha محمد محمود باشا (1877–1941) |
27 June 1928 | 4 October 1929 | 1 year, 99 days | Liberal Constitutional Party | |
| (14) |
|
Adly Yakan Pasha عدلي يكن باشا (1864–1933) |
4 October 1929 | 1 January 1930 | 89 days | Liberal Constitutional Party | |
| (19) |
|
Mostafa El-Nahas Pasha مصطفى النحاس باشا (1879–1965) |
1 January 1930 | 20 June 1930 | 170 days | Wafd Party | |
| 21 | 
|
Ismail Sidky Pasha إسماعيل صدقي (1875–1950) |
20 June 1930 | 22 September 1933 | 3 years, 94 days | People's Party | |
| 22 | 
|
Abdel Fattah Yahya Pasha يحيى إبراهيم باشا (1876–1951) |
22 September 1933 | 15 November 1934 | 1 year, 54 days | Ittihad Party | |
| (13) |
|
Mohamed Tawfik Naseem Pasha محمد توفيق نسيم باشا (1874–1938) |
15 November 1934 | 30 January 1936 | 1 year, 76 days | Ittihad Party | |
| 23 | 
|
Aly Maher Pasha علي ماهر باشا (1882–1960) |
30 January 1936 | 9 May 1936 | 100 days | Ittihad Party | |
| (19) |
|
Mostafa El-Nahas Pasha مصطفى النحاس باشا (1879–1965) |
9 May 1936 | 29 December 1937 | 1 year, 234 days | Wafd Party | Farouk I (1936–1952) |
| (20) |
|
Mohamed Mahmoud Pasha محمد محمود باشا (1877–1941) |
29 December 1937 | 18 August 1939 | 1 year, 232 days | Wafd Party | |
| (23) |
|
Aly Maher Pasha علي ماهر باشا (1882–1960) |
18 August 1939 | 28 June 1940 | 315 days | Ittihad Party | |
| 24 | 
|
Hassan Sabry Pasha حسن صبرى باشا (1879–1940) |
28 June 1940 | 15 November 1940 (died in office) |
140 days | Independent | |
| 25 | 
|
Hussein Sirri Pasha حسين سري باشا (1894–1960) |
15 November 1940 | 6 February 1942 (dismissed) |
1 year, 83 days | Independent | |
| (19) |
|
Mostafa El-Nahas Pasha مصطفى النحاس باشا (1879–1965) |
6 February 1942 | 10 October 1944 | 2 years, 247 days | Wafd Party | |
| 26 | 
|
Ahmad Maher Pasha أحمد ماهر باشا (1888–1945) |
10 October 1944 | 24 February 1945 (assassinated) |
137 days | Saadist Institutional Party | |
| 27 | 
|
Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha محمود فهمي النقراشي باشا (1888–1948) |
26 February 1945 | 17 February 1946 | 356 days | Saadist Institutional Party | |
| (21) |
|
Ismail Sidky Pasha إسماعيل صدقي (1875–1950) |
17 February 1946 | 9 December 1946 | 295 days | People's Party | |
| (27) |
|
Mahmoud El Nokrashy Pasha محمود فهمي النقراشي باشا (1888–1948) |
9 December 1946 | 28 December 1948 (assassinated) |
2 years, 19 days | Saadist Institutional Party | |
| 28 | 
|
Ibrahim Abdel Hady Pasha إبراهيم عبد الهادى باشا (1896–1981) |
28 December 1948 | 26 July 1949 | 210 days | Saadist Institutional Party | |
| (25) |
|
Hussein Sirri Pasha حسين سري باشا (1894–1960) |
26 July 1949 | 12 January 1950 | 170 days | Independent | |
| (19) |
|
Mostafa El-Nahas Pasha مصطفى النحاس باشا (1879–1965) |
12 January 1950 | 27 January 1952 | 2 years, 15 days | Wafd Party | |
| (23) |
|
Aly Maher Pasha علي ماهر باشا (1882–1960) |
27 January 1952 | 2 March 1952 | 35 days | Ittihad Party | |
| 29 | 
|
Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly Pasha أحمد نجيب الهلالى (1891–1958) |
2 March 1952 | 2 July 1952 | 122 days | Independent | |
| (25) |
|
Hussein Sirri Pasha حسين سري باشا (1894–1960) |
2 July 1952 | 22 July 1952 | 20 days | Independent | |
| (29) |
|
Ahmed Naguib el-Hilaly Pasha أحمد نجيب الهلالى (1891–1958) |
22 July 1952 | 23 July 1952 (deposed) |
1 day | Independent | |
| (23) |
|
Aly Maher Pasha علي ماهر باشا (1882–1960) |
23 July 1952 | 7 September 1952 | 46 days | Ittihad Party | Fuad II (1952–1953) |
| 30 | 
|
Mohamed Naguib محمد نجيب (1901–1984) |
7 September 1952 | 18 June 1953 | 284 days | Military / Liberation Rally | |
• Republic of Egypt (1953–1958) • 
| |||||||
| (30) |
|
Mohamed Naguib محمد نجيب (1901–1984) |
18 June 1953 | 25 February 1954 | 252 days | Military / Liberation Rally | Mohamed Naguib (1953–1954) |
| 31 | 
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser جمال عبد الناصر (1918–1970) |
25 February 1954 | 8 March 1954 | 11 days | Military / Liberation Rally | |
| (30) |
|
Mohamed Naguib محمد نجيب (1901–1984) |
8 March 1954 | 18 April 1954 | 41 days | Military / Liberation Rally | |
| (31) |
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser جمال عبد الناصر (1918–1970) |
18 April 1954 | 22 February 1958 | 3 years, 310 days | Military / Liberation Rally (until 1957) |
Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1970) |
| National Union | |||||||
 • United Arab Republic (1958–1971) • 
| |||||||
| (31) |
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser جمال عبد الناصر (1918–1970) |
22 February 1958 | 29 September 1962 | 4 years, 219 days | National Union | Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1970) |
| 32 | 
|
Ali Sabri على صبرى (1920–1991) |
29 September 1962 | 3 October 1965 | 3 years, 4 days | National Union (until 1 December 1962) | |
| Arab Socialist Union | |||||||
| 33 | 
|
Zakaria Mohieddin زكريا محيى الدين (1918–2012) |
3 October 1965 | 10 September 1966 | 342 days | Arab Socialist Union | |
| 34 | 
|
Mohamed Sedki Sulayman محمد صدقي سليمان (1919–1996) |
10 September 1966 | 19 June 1967 | 282 days | Arab Socialist Union | |
| (31) |
|
Gamal Abdel Nasser جمال عبد الناصر (1918–1970) |
19 June 1967 | 28 September 1970 (died in office) |
3 years, 101 days | Arab Socialist Union | |
| 35 | 
|
Mahmoud Fawzi محمود فوزى (1900–1981) |
21 October 1970 | 2 September 1971 | 316 days | Arab Socialist Union | Anwar Sadat (1970–1981) |
| Chairmen of the Executive Council of Southern Region (Egypt) of the • United Arab Republic (1958–1961) •
| |||||||
| 1 | 
|
Nureddin Tarraf نور الدين طراف (1910–1995) |
7 October 1958 | 20 September 1960 | 1 year, 349 days | National Union | Gamal Abdel Nasser (1954–1970) |
| 2 | 
|
Kamal el-Din Hussein كمال الدين حسين (1921–1999) |
20 September 1960 | 16 August 1961 | 330 days | National Union | |
 • Arab Republic of Egypt (1971–present) • 
| |||||||
| (35) |
|
Mahmoud Fawzi محمود فوزى (1900–1981) |
2 September 1971 | 16 January 1972 | 136 days | Arab Socialist Union | Anwar Sadat (1970–1981) |
| 36 | 
|
Aziz Sedky عزيز صدقي (1920–2008) |
16 January 1972 | 26 March 1973 | 1 year, 69 days | Arab Socialist Union | |
| 37 |
|
Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981) |
26 March 1973 | 25 September 1974 | 1 year, 183 days | Arab Socialist Union | |
| 38 | 
|
Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy عبد العزيز محمد حجازي (1923–2014) |
25 September 1974 | 16 April 1975 | 203 days | Arab Socialist Union | |
| 39 | 
|
Mamdouh Salem ممدوح سالم (1918–1988) |
16 April 1975 | 2 October 1978 | 3 years, 169 days | Arab Socialist Union (until 1976) | |
| Egyptian Arab Socialist Party | |||||||
| 40 | 
|
Mustafa Khalil مصطفى خليل (1920–2008) |
2 October 1978 | 15 May 1980 | 1 year, 226 days | National Democratic Party | |
| (37) |
|
Anwar Sadat أنور السادات (1918–1981) |
15 May 1980 | 6 October 1981 (assassinated) |
1 year, 144 days | National Democratic Party | |
| 41 | 
|
Hosni Mubarak حسنى مبارك (1928–2020) |
7 October 1981 | 2 January 1982 | 87 days | National Democratic Party | Hosni Mubarak (1981–2011) |
| 42 | 
|
Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin أحمد فؤاد محيي الدين (1926–1984) |
2 January 1982 | 5 June 1984 (died in office) |
2 years, 155 days | National Democratic Party | |
| 43 | 
|
Kamal Hassan Ali كمال حسن علي (1921–1993) |
17 July 1984 | 4 September 1985 | 1 year, 49 days | National Democratic Party | |
| 44 | 
|
Aly Lotfy Mahmoud علي لطفى محمود (1935–2018) |
4 September 1985 | 9 November 1986 | 1 year, 66 days | National Democratic Party | |
| 45 | 
|
Atef Sedky عاطف محمد نجيب صدقي (1930–2005) |
10 November 1986 | 4 January 1996 | 9 years, 55 days | National Democratic Party | |
| 46 | 
|
Kamal Ganzouri كمال الجنزوري (1933–2021) |
4 January 1996 | 5 October 1999 | 3 years, 274 days | National Democratic Party | |
| 47 | 
|
Atef Ebeid عاطف محمد عبيد (1932–2014) |
5 October 1999 | 14 July 2004 | 4 years, 283 days | National Democratic Party | |
| 48 | 
|
Ahmed Nazif أحمد نظيف (born 1952) |
14 July 2004 | 28 January 2011 | 6 years, 198 days | National Democratic Party | |
| 49 | 
|
Ahmed Shafik أحمد محمد شفيق (born 1941) |
29 January 2011 | 3 March 2011 | 33 days | Independent | |
Supreme Council of the Armed Forces (2011–2012) | |||||||
| 50 | 
|
Essam Sharaf عصام عبد العزيز شرف (born 1952) |
3 March 2011 | 7 December 2011 | 279 days | Independent | |
| (46) |
|
Kamal Ganzouri كمال الجنزوري (1933–2021) |
7 December 2011 | 30 June 2012 | 206 days | Independent | |
| 51 | 
|
Hesham Qandil هشام قنديل (born 1962) |
2 August 2012 | 8 July 2013 | 340 days | Independent | Mohamed Morsi (2012–2013) |
| — | 
|
Hazem El Beblawi حازم الببلاوي (born 1936) Acting Prime Minister |
9 July 2013 | 1 March 2014 | 265 days | Independent | Adly Mansour (2013–2014) |
| 52 | 
|
Ibrahim Mahlab إبراهيم محلب (born 1949) |
17 June 2014 Acting since 1 March 2014 |
19 September 2015 | 1 year, 202 days | Independent | |
Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2014–present) | |||||||
| 53 | 
|
Sherif Ismail شريف إسماعيل (1955–2023) |
19 September 2015 | 7 June 2018 | 2 years, 261 days | Independent | |
| 54 | 
|
Mostafa Madbouly مصطفي مدبولي (born 1966) |
14 June 2018 Acting since 7 June 2018 |
Incumbent | 6 years, 201 days | Independent | |
Timeline since 1952
edit
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Sisi appoints Moustafa Madbouly as Premier – Egypt Today". www.egypttoday.com. 7 June 2018.
- "Former Prime Ministers". Arab Republic of Egypt: Cabinet of Ministers. Archived from the original on 14 December 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- رؤساء الوزراء [The Prime Ministers] (in Arabic). Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Memory of Modern Egypt Digital Archive. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
- د.عصام شرف [Dr. Essam Sharaf] (in Arabic). Arab Republic of Egypt: Al-Masry Al-Youm. Archived from the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 1 June 2011.