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Martín Ignacio Martínez de Mallea, known as Martín Ignacio de Loyola (c. 1550 in Eibar, Guipuzcoa, Spain – 1606 in Buenos Aires[1][2][3][4]), was a Franciscan friar, best known for his two travels around the world in 1580–1584 and 1585–1589, being the first person to complete the world circumnavigation twice in different directionsA, and for his missionary effort in China.
Most Reverend Martín Ignacio de Loyola | |
|---|---|
| Bishop of Paraguay | |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Diocese | Diocese of Paraguay |
| In office | 1601–1606 |
| Predecessor | Thomas Vásquez de Liaño |
| Successor | Reginaldo de Lizárraga |
| Orders | |
| Consecration | 1602 by Juan Bautista Acevedo Muñoz |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1550 |
| Died | 1606 (age 56) Buenos Aires |
He was a grandnephew of Ignatius of Loyola, and was ordained a priest in Alaejos in 1572.
Circumnavigations of the world
editIn both of his travels Loyola took advantage of Spain and Portugal being united under the crown of Philip II of Spain.
First circumnavigation: 1582–1584
editLoyola's first circumnavigation was made in a westerly direction.
Departing Cadiz on 21 June 1582, he sailed to the Canary Islands, crossed the Atlantic to La Désirade, Puerto Rico, and Santo Domingo, before arriving in San Juan de Lúa (modern Veracruz), in México. After crossing to the Pacific Ocean coast of Mexico at Acapulco he sailed to the Mariana Islands, and the Philippines, before eventually reaching the Empire of China, where he landed in Fujian province. There he and his companions were considered to be spies and were sent to Guangzhou. After a year they were set free and sent to Macau.[5] After travelling on to Japan, he returned to Lisbon via the Straits of Malacca, Portuguese India, the Cape of Good Hope and Saint Helena.
Loyola's account of his first journey around the world was first published in Rome in 1585, included in Juan González de Mendoza's Historia de las cosas más notables, ritos y costumbres del gran reyno dela China.[6]
Second circumnavigation: 1585–1589
editLoyola's second circumnavigation was made in an easterly direction.
It is not clear how or when Loyola made his eastward journey to China. In 1587 he left Macau, China, and crossed the Pacific Ocean to Acapulco, Mexico,[7] in a ship commanded by Pedro de Unamuno. From there he crossed Mexico to Veracruz, and then crossed the Atlantic to Spain.
Other journeys
editIn 1595, six years after his second return to Spain, he went to Paraguay, that he reached via Panama, Peru, and Chile – whose Spanish governor by then, Martín García de Loyola, was his cousin – and Río de la Plata.
He went back to Spain again in 1600 and returned to Paraguay in 1603, this time as Bishop of Asunción.[8] He had been consecrated as such in Valladolid by Juan Bautista Acevedo Muñoz, Bishop of Valladolid, the year before.[9]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Raúl A. Molina: Fray Martín Ignacio de Loyola: cuatro obispo del Paraguay y Río de la Plata (1603-1606). Ediciones Jura, 1953 (online at Google Books).
- ^ Charles E. O'Neill, Joaquín María Domínguez (eds.): Diccionario histórico de la Compañía de Jesús. Band 1: AA-Costa Rica. Univ. Pontifica de Comillas, 2001, ISBN 84-8468-037-1, p. 109 (online).
- ^ "Conferencia Episcopal Paraguaya". 2008-10-31. Archived from the original on 2008-10-31. Retrieved 2020-07-14.
- ^ William Shurtleff, Akiko Aoyagi: History of Soybeans and Soyfoods in Southeast Asia. Soyinfo Center, 2010, ISBN 978-1-928914-30-3, S. 17 (online).
- ^ "Macao as the non-entry point to China: The case of the Spanish Dominican missionaries (1587-1632)" (PDF). International Conference on The Role and Status of Macao in the Propagation of Catholicism in the East. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ Lach, Donald F (1965). Asia in the Making of Europe. Vol. I:The Century of Discovery. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 562, 569.
- ^ The characters on the galleon Esperanza Archived 2011-12-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Gauchat, Patritius (Patrice) (1935). HIERARCHIA CATHOLICA MEDII ET RECENTIORIS AEVI Vol IV. Münster: Libraria Regensbergiana. p. 97. (in Latin)
- ^ Cheney, David M. "Bishop Martín Ignacio de Loyola". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved June 16, 2018.self-published
Notes
edit- ^A First overall was Maestre Anes.
References
edit- (in Spanish) J. Ignacio Tellechea Idígoras (ed.), Martín Ignacio de Loyola. Viaje alrdedor del mundo, Madrid, 1989. ISBN 84-7679-154-2
- (in Spanish) "Iglesia en el Paraguay, Período de 1547 a 1620" (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2008-10-31. Retrieved 2011-06-12.
- Martin Ignacio de Loyola, "VIAJE ALREDEDOR DEL MUNDO". Archived from the original on 2012-12-08.
External links and additional sources
edit- Cheney, David M. "Archdiocese of Asunción". Catholic-Hierarchy.org. Retrieved March 25, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) [self-published]
- Chow, Gabriel. "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Asunción (Paraguay)". GCatholic.org. Retrieved March 25, 2018. (for Chronology of Bishops) [self-published]
- Santos, Hector. "The characters on the galleon Esperanza" in Sulat sa Tansô. US, April 3, 1997.
