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John Len Chatman (September 3, 1915 – February 24, 1988), known professionally as Memphis Slim, was an American blues pianist, singer, and composer.[1] He led a series of bands that, reflecting the popular appeal of jump blues, included saxophones, bass, drums, and piano. A song he first cut in 1947, "Every Day I Have the Blues", has become a blues standard, recorded by many other artists. He made over 500 recordings.
Memphis Slim | |
|---|---|
 Chatman in 1980 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | John Len Chatman |
| Also known as | Peter Chatman |
| Born | September 3, 1915 Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Died | February 24, 1988 (aged 72) Paris, France |
| Genres | Blues |
| Occupations |
|
| Instruments |
|
| Years active | 1930s–1980s |
| Labels | |
He was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1989.[2]
Biography
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Memphis Slim was born John Len Chatman, in Memphis, Tennessee. For his first recordings, for Okeh Records in 1940, he used the name of his father, Peter Chatman (who sang, played piano and guitar, and operated juke joints);[3] it is commonly believed that he did so to honor his father. He started performing under the name "Memphis Slim" later that year but continued to publish songs under the name Peter Chatman.
He spent most of the 1930s performing in honky-tonks, dance halls, and gambling joints in West Memphis, Arkansas, and southeast Missouri.[4] He settled in Chicago in 1939 and began teaming with the guitarist and singer Big Bill Broonzy in clubs soon afterwards.[1] In 1940 and 1941, he recorded two songs for Bluebird Records[5] that became part of his repertoire for decades, "Beer Drinking Woman"[6] and "Grinder Man Blues". These were released under the name "Memphis Slim," given to him by Bluebird's producer, Lester Melrose.[7] Slim became a regular session musician for Bluebird, and his piano talents supported established stars such as John Lee "Sonny Boy" Williamson, Washboard Sam, and Jazz Gillum.[1] Many of Slim's recordings and performances until the mid-1940s were with Broonzy, who had recruited Slim to be his piano player after the death of his accompanist Joshua Altheimer in 1940.[1]
After World War II, Slim began leading bands that generally included saxophones, bass, drums, and piano, reflecting the popular appeal of jump blues. With the decline of blues recording by the major labels, Slim worked with emerging independent labels. Starting in late 1945, he recorded with trios for the small Chicago-based Hy-Tone Records.[8] With a lineup of alto saxophone, tenor sax, piano, and string bass (Willie Dixon played the instrument on the first session), he signed with the Miracle label in the fall of 1946. One of the songs recorded at the first session was the ebullient boogie "Rockin' the House," from which his band would take its name. Slim and the House Rockers recorded mainly for Miracle through 1949, with some commercial success.[1] Among the songs they recorded were "Messin' Around" (which reached number one on the R&B charts in 1948) and "Harlem Bound".[9] In 1947, the day after producing a concert by Slim, Broonzy, and Williamson at New York City's Town Hall, the folklorist Alan Lomax brought the three musicians to the Decca Records studios and recorded with Slim on vocal and piano. Lomax presented sections of this recording on BBC Radio in the early 1950s as a documentary, The Art of the Negro, and later released an expanded version as the LP Blues in the Mississippi Night. In 1949, Slim expanded his combo to a quintet by adding a drummer; the group was now spending most of its time on tour, leading to off-contract recording sessions for King Records in Cincinnati and Peacock Records in Houston.
One of Slim's 1947 recordings for Miracle, released in 1949, was originally titled "Nobody Loves Me". It has become famous as "Every Day I Have the Blues." The song was recorded in 1950 by Lowell Fulson and subsequently by numerous other artists, including B. B. King, Elmore James, T-Bone Walker, Ray Charles, Eric Clapton, Natalie Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, Jimi Hendrix, Mahalia Jackson, Sarah Vaughan, Carlos Santana, John Mayer and Lou Rawls.[10] Joe Williams recorded it in 1952 for Checker Records; his remake from 1956 (included on the album Count Basie Swings, Joe Williams Sings) was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1992.[11]
Early in 1950, Miracle succumbed to financial troubles, but its owners regrouped to form the Premium label, and Slim remained on board until the successor company faltered in the summer of 1951. His February 1951 session for Premium saw two changes in the House Rockers' lineup: Slim started using two tenor saxophones instead of the alto and tenor combination, and he made a trial of adding the guitarist Ike Perkins. His last session for Premium kept the two-tenor lineup but dispensed with the guitar. During his time with Premium, Slim first recorded his song "Mother Earth".[12]
Slim made just one session for King, but the company bought his Hy-Tone sides in 1948 and acquired his Miracle masters after that company failed in 1950. He was never a Chess artist, but Leonard Chess bought most of the Premium masters after the demise of Premium.
After a year with Mercury Records, Slim signed with United Records in Chicago;[13] the A&R man, Lew Simpkins, knew him from Miracle and Premium. The timing was propitious, because he had just added the guitarist Matt "Guitar" Murphy to his group. He remained with United through the end of 1954, when the company began to cut back on blues recording.[14]
After 1954, Slim did not have a steady relationship with a record company until 1958, when he signed with Vee-Jay Records. In 1959 his band, still featuring Murphy, recorded the album Memphis Slim at the Gate of the Horn, which featured a lineup of his best-known songs, including "Mother Earth", "Gotta Find My Baby", "Rockin' the Blues", "Steppin' Out", and "Slim's Blues".[15] In December 1959, Willie Dixon's debut album, Willie's Blues, was released.[16] Memphis Slim was given almost equal credit on the album as Dixon's piano accompanist. Memphis Slim played on all of the tracks, and wrote the two numbers that were not penned by Dixon.[17]
Slim first appeared outside the United States in 1960, touring with Willie Dixon, with whom he returned to Europe in 1962 as a featured artist in the first of the series of American Folk Festival concerts organized by Dixon, which brought many notable blues artists to Europe in the 1960s and 1970s.[1] The duo released several albums together on Folkways Records, including Memphis Slim and Willie Dixon at the Village Gate with Pete Seeger (1962).[18]
In 1962, Slim moved permanently to Paris, and his engaging personality and well-honed presentation of playing, singing, and storytelling about the blues secured his position as one of the most prominent blues artists for nearly three decades.[1] He appeared on television in numerous European countries, acted in several French films and wrote the score for À nous deux France (1970), and performed regularly in Paris, throughout Europe, and on return visits to the United States. In the last years of his life, he teamed up with the respected jazz drummer George Collier. The two toured Europe together and became friends. After Collier died in August 1987, Slim rarely appeared in public, although he reunited with Matt "Guitar" Murphy for a gig at Antone's in Austin, Texas, in 1987.
Two years before his death, Slim was named a Commander in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres by the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of France. In addition, the U.S. Senate honored Slim with the title of Ambassador-at-Large of Good Will.[19]
Memphis Slim died of renal failure on February 24, 1988, in Paris, at the age of 72.[20][21][22][23][24] He is buried at Galilee Memorial Gardens in Memphis, Tennessee.[25]
He was posthumously inducted into the Blues Hall of Fame in 1989.[2] He was inducted into the Memphis Music Hall of Fame in 2015.
Charting singles
edit| Year | Title A-side / B-side |
Label | Chart peak U.S. R&B [26] |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1948 | "Messin' Around" / "Midnight Jump" | Miracle 125 | 1 |
| 1949 | "Frisco Bay" / "Timsy's Whimsy" | Miracle 132 | 11 |
| "Blue and Lonesome" / | Miracle 136 | 2 | |
| "Help Me Some" | 9 | ||
| "Angel Child" / "Nobody Loves Me" | Miracle 145 | 6 | |
| 1951 | "Mother Earth" / "Really Got the Blues" | Premium 867 | 7 |
| 1953 | "The Come Back" / "Five O'Clock Blues" | United 156 | 3 |
Albums
edit| Year | Title | Label |
|---|---|---|
| 1959 | Memphis Slim at the Gate of Horn | Vee-Jay |
| 1959 | Memphis Slim and the Real Boogie-Woogie | Folkways |
| 1960 | Memphis Slim and the Honky-Tonk Sound | Folkways |
| 1960 | Travelling with the Blues | Storyville |
| 1960 | Blue This Evening | Black Lion |
| 1960 | Pete Seeger at the Village Gate with Memphis Slim and Willie Dixon, Vol. 1 | Folkways |
| 1960 | Songs of Memphis Slim and "Wee Willie" Dixon | Folkways |
| 1961 | Tribute to Big Bill Broonzy | Candid |
| 1961 | Steady Rollin' Blues: The Blues of Memphis Slim | Bluesville/OBC |
| 1961 | Memphis Slim U.S.A. | Candid |
| 1961 | Broken Soul Blues | Beat Goes On/BGO |
| 1961 | Chicago Blues: Boogie Woogie and Blues Played and Sung by Memphis Slim | Folkways |
| 1961 | Blues by Jazz Gillum Singing and Playing His Harmonica with Arbee Stidham and Memphis Slim | Folkways |
| 1961 | Just Blues | Bluesville/OBC |
| 1961 | No Strain | Bluesville/OBC |
| 1962 | Sonny Boy Williamson and Memphis Slim in Paris | GNP Crescendo |
| 1962 | Memphis Slim and Willie Dixon at the Village Gate with Pete Seeger | Folkways |
| 1962 | Pete Seeger at the Village Gate with Memphis Slim and Willie Dixon, Vol. 2 | Folkways |
| 1962 | All Kinds of Blues | Bluesville/OBC |
| 1963 | Alone with My Friends | Battle |
| 1963 | Jazz in Paris: Aux Trois Mailletz | Polygram |
| 1964 | Clap Your Hands | Maison De Blues |
| 1965 | Fattenin' Frogs for Snakes | Melodisc |
| 1967 | Legend of the Blues Vol. 1 | Jubilee |
| 1967 | Bluesingly Yours | Maison De Blues |
| 1968 | Lord Have Mercy on Me | Maison De Blues |
| 1969 | The Bluesman (released 1975) | Maison De Blues |
| 1969 | Mother Earth | One Way (originally issued on Buddah Records) |
| 1970 | The Blue Memphis Suite | Maison de Blues |
| 1970 | Messin' Around with the Blues | King |
| 1971 | Boogie Woogie | Maison de Blues |
| 1971 | Born with the Blues | Fuel 2000 |
| 1971 | Blue Memphis | Wounded Bird (originally issued on Warner Bros.) |
| 1972 | South Side Reunion (with Buddy Guy and Junior Wells) | Sunny Side (originally issued on Warner Bros.) |
| 1972 | Old Times, New Times (with Roosevelt Sykes, Buddy Guy and Junior Wells) | Barclay |
| 1973 | The Legacy of the Blues Vol. 7 | Sonet |
| 1973 | Memphis Slim | Storyville |
| 1973 | Soul Blues | Acrobat |
| 1973 | Raining the Blues | Fantasy |
| 1973 | Favorite Blues Singers | Folkways |
| 1973 | Very Much Alive and in Montreux | Universal International |
| 1973 | Memphis Heat (with Canned Heat) (released 1974) | Blue Star |
| 1975 | Going Back to Tennessee | Maison de Blues |
| 1981 | Rockin' the Blues | Charly |
| 1981 | I'll Just Keep on Singin' the Blues | Muse |
| 1982 | Can A White Man Play and Sing the Blues ? | Milan |
| 1982 | Fip Fil and Fim | Milan |
| 1990 | Steppin' Out: Live at Ronnie Scotts | Castle Music UK |
| 1990 | Together Again One More Time (with Matt Guitar Murphy) (2-CD set including Still Not Ready for Eddie by Eddie Taylor) | Antone's/Texas Music Group |
| 1990 | Parisian Blues | Polygram |
| 1990 | The Real Folk Blues | Chess/MCA |
| 1992 | Blues Masters, Vol 9: Memphis Slim | Storyville |
| 1992 | Pinetop's Boogie Woogie | Antone's |
| 1993 | London Sessions 1960 | Sequel UK |
| 1994 | The Blues Collection, Vol. 13: Beer Drinkin' Woman | |
| 1994 | Lonesome | Legacy International |
| 1994 | Live at the Hot Club | BMG International |
| 1995 | Boogie After Midnight | Chicago Music |
| 1995 | Jazz & Blues Collection | Edition Atlas |
| 1996 | The Complete Recordings, Vol. 1: 1940–1941 (Peter Chatman as Memphis Slim) | EPM Musique |
| 1996 | Come Back & Other Classics | Masters Intercontinental |
| 1996 | The Bluebird Recordings, 1940–1941 | RCA |
| 1997 | Dialogue in Boogie (with Philippe Lejeune) | Happy Bird |
| 1998 | Lonely Nights | Catfish |
| 1998 | Very Best of Memphis Slim: The Blues Is Everywhere | Collectables |
| 1999 | Life Is Like That | Charly UK |
| 1999 | Memphis Slim at the Gate of the Horn | Vee Jay/Charly |
| 2000 | The Folkways Years, 1959–1973 | Smithsonian Folkways |
| 2000 | Blues at Midnight | Catfish |
| 2000 | Live at Antone's, Vol. 1 | Antone's |
| 2001 | The Complete Recordings, Vol. 2: 1946–1948 | EPM Musique |
| 2001 | Essential Masters | Cleopatra |
| 2001 | Blue and Lonesome | Arpeggio Blues |
| 2001 | Ambassador of the Blues | Indigo UK |
| 2002 | The Complete Recordings, Vol. 3: 1948–1950 | EPM Musique |
| 2002 | I Am the Blues | Prestige Elite |
| 2002 | Kansas City | Classic World |
| 2002 | Boogie for My Friends | Black & Blue [France] |
| 2002 | The Come Back | United/Delmark |
| 2002 | Blues Legends: Memphis Slim | Lead |
| 2003 | Three Women Blues | Time Wind [Germany] |
| 2003 | The Complete Recordings, Vol 4: 1951–1952 | EPM Musique |
| 2004 | Worried Life Blues | Quadromania Klassik [Germany] |
| 2004 | Grinder Man Blues | Snapper UK |
| 2004 | The Best of Memphis Slim | Liquid 8 |
| 2005 | Boogie for Two Pianos, Vol. 1 (with Jean-Paul Amouroux) | |
| 2005 | Paris Mississippi Blues | Sunny Side |
| 2005 | Double-Barreled Boogie (with Roosevelt Sykes) | Sunny Side |
| 2006 | Forty Years of More | Passport Audio |
| 2006 | Memphis Suite | Sunny Side |
| 2006 | Rockin' This House: Chicago Blues Piano 1946–1953 | JSP Records |
| 2006 | The Sonet Blues Story | Verve |
| 2006 | An Introduction to Memphis Slim | Fuel 2000 |
| 2007 | The Ultimate Jazz Archive 14 (1940–41) | Carinco AG |
| 2007 | Sings the Blues | Wnts |
| 2007 | Chicago Blues Masters, Vol. 1 (with Muddy Waters) | Capitol |
| 2007 | Cold Blooded Woman | Collectables |
| 2008 | Greatest Moments | Stardust |
| 2008 | Four Walls | Jukebox Entertainment |
| 2008 | Born to Boogie | Unlimited Media |
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g Colin Larkin, ed. (1995). The Guinness Who's Who of Blues (Second ed.). Guinness Publishing. p. 266. ISBN 0-85112-673-1.
- ^ a b "MEMPHIS SLIM". Rockabilly.nl. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ Charters, Samuel Barclay. The Legacy of the Blues, Da Capo Press (1977), p. 165. ISBN 0-306-80054-3.
- ^ Palmer 1982, p. 174.
- ^ Palmer 1982, p. 154.
- ^ Russell, Tony (1997). The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray. Dubai: Carlton Books. p. 13. ISBN 1-85868-255-X.
- ^ Komara, Edward M. Encyclopedia of the Blues, Routledge (2006), p. 689. ISBN 0-415-92699-8.
- ^ "The Hy-Tone Label". Campber.people.clemson.edu. Archived from the original on November 23, 2009.
- ^ "Miracle Records". Campber.people.clemson.edu. Archived from the original on April 27, 2009.
- ^ "AllMusic | Record Reviews, Streaming Songs, Genres & Bands". AllMusic.
- ^ "Grammy Hall of Fame". Grammy.org. Archived from the original on July 7, 2015. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
- ^ "The United and States Labels Part I (1951-1953)". Campber.people.clemson.edu. Archived from the original on July 31, 2009.
- ^ [1] Archived May 15, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Wynn, Ron. "Memphis Slim, At the Gate of the Horn: Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic.com. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
- ^ Stephen Cook (December 3, 1959). "Willie's Blues - Willie Dixon, Memphis Slim | Songs, Reviews, Credits, Awards". AllMusic. Retrieved January 31, 2014.
- ^ Liner notes from BVLP-1003 - original vinyl album
- ^ "Memphis Slim and Willie Dixon at the Village Gate with Pete Seeger". Folkways.si.edu. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
- ^ "All About Jazz". AllAboutJazz.com. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
- ^ "Memphis Slim". Howlfromtheembers.com. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ "Memphis Slim: One of the Greatest Blues Pianist, Singers & Composers of All-Time [Video]". Blackthen.com. May 10, 2018. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ "Memphis Slim - Boogie For My Friends (2002)". Theblues-thatjazz.com. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ Shannon, Rebecca (September 3, 2013). "Blondie Cuts a Rug: Memphis Slim". Blondiecutsarug.blogspot.com. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ "Memphis Slim". Themusicsover.wordpress.com. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ "Memphis Slim | Memphis Music Hall of Fame". Memphismusichalloffame.com. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
- ^ Whitburn 1988, pp. 286–287.
Bibliography
edit- Herzhaft, Gerard (1992). "Memphis Slim". Encyclopedia of the Blues. Fayetteville, Arkansas: University of Arkansas Press. ISBN 1-55728-252-8.
- Palmer, Robert (1982). Deep Blues. New York City: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14006-223-8.
- Whitburn, Joel (1988). "Memphis Slim". Top R&B Singles 1942–1988. Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin: Record Research. ISBN 0-89820-068-7.
External links
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