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Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek (TNO; English: Dutch Organization for Applied Scientific Research) is an independent statutory research organization in the Netherlands that focuses on applied science. It conducts contract research, offers specialist consulting services, and grants licenses for patents and specialist software. TNO also sets up new companies to market innovations.
| Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek | |
 | |
 New Babylon in The Hague, head office of TNO since 2015 | |
| Abbreviation | TNO |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1932 |
| Headquarters | The Hague, Netherlands |
| Employees | 3,900 |
| Website | https://www.tno.nl/en/ |
Background
editTNO was established by law[1] in 1932 to support companies and governments.[2] TNO also held 10% of the Austrian research center Joanneum Research from 2004 to 2014.[3]
Model
editThe work of TNO is focused on the so-called Top Sectors, and social issues relevant to Europe.
The Early Research Programmes and Shared Innovation Programmes are always funded in part with public funds. Research results are further developed and applied in contract research, which is fully funded by TNO's customers.
Projects
edit- TROPOMI:[4] A satellite instrument that carries out measurements on the troposphere.
- Personalized Digital Health:[5] A personalized diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.
- Hybridisation of Trucks and Buses:[6] Focuses on the Total Cost of Ownership reduction for trucks and buses.
- Truck Platooning:[7] This project creates truck platooning technology.
- Blockchain:[8] Provides a blockchain laboratory.
- Shaded Dome:[9] In cooperation with the armed forces, it is a dome structure designed to protect against harmful weather conditions and provide ballistic protection.
- The GeoERA programme:[10] Several institutions from 31 countries are cooperating on geological research projects.
- Innovation for Development:[11] A programme designed to disseminate research results to small and medium-sized enterprises.
- SolaRoad:[12][13] Bike path made from solar panels, known as a "SolaRoad". It deteriorated in just a few years and in 2020 it was removed being considered a failure.
- TIM: TNO Intestinal Models, a system of models to mimick the digestive tract.[14]
Locations
editTNO is headquartered in The Hague. Other locations include: Amsterdam, Delft, Rijswijk, Leiden, Groningen, Helmond, Petten, Soesterberg, Utrecht, Ypenburg, Zeist and Eindhoven. TNO also has international branch offices in Shin-Yokohama (Japan), Toronto (Canada), Brussels (Belgium), Doha (Qatar), Singapore and Aruba. The locations of Hoofddorp and Enschede were closed in 2014.[15]
Criticism
editDuring World War II, the organization controlled several large institutes under the occupation of the Nazis. The Director was Hugo Rudolph Kruyt. As rector of the University of Utrecht, he fired the Jewish professors Ornstein, Roos and Wolff and the Jewish student assistants Fisher, Katz, Pais and Van der Hoeven. He was a member of the board of the AKU, which was controlled by the Germans.[16]
In 2006, TNO-ITSEF, a subsidiary organization of TNO, was criticized for resisting the publication of its test reports regarding widely used voting computers in the Netherlands. In the same year, a Swiss research group refuted a widely publicized TNO report claiming UMTS radiation is a health hazard.[17] The organization also received criticism after the evacuation of 200 residents of an Amsterdam housing estate over fears of its structural integrity when the construction had been technically approved by TNO only five months earlier.[18] TNO was also criticized for its 2006 handling of an investigation into the collapse of a balcony in Maastricht in 2003 that killed two people.[19]
In 2018, TNO was accused of committing fraud to disguise the cause of the disaster for their report about the fireworks disaster in Enschede on 13 May 2000, according to an investigation by Paul van Buitenen.[20]
References
edit- ^ "wetten.nl - Regeling - TNO-wet - BWBR0003906". wetten.overheid.nl (in Dutch). 2019-01-01. Retrieved 2022-03-24.
- ^ "ORGANISATION". www.tno.nl. Retrieved 15 Dec 2017.
- ^ "Neustart bei Joanneum Research > Kleine Zeitung". Archived from the original on 2015-04-30.
- ^ "Tropomi will help answer pressing questions about climate change". time.tno.nl.
- ^ "Personal digital health is developing rapidly - TNOTIME". Archived from the original on 2017-07-06.
- ^ "Towards affordable hybrid freight vehicles - TNOTIME". Archived from the original on 2018-01-03.
- ^ "Twelve reasons why truck platooning will be a success". time.tno.nl.
- ^ "TNO and Blockchains". blockchain.tno.nl.
- ^ "The military base of the future". time.tno.nl.
- ^ "GeoERA". geoera.eu. Retrieved Jan 21, 2023.
- ^ "Innovation for development". www.tno.nl.
- ^ Spakovskis, Robert (Nov 7, 2014). "SolaRoad: World's first solar cycle path to open in the Netherlands". phys.org.
- ^ Mlot, Stephanie (Nov 10, 2014). "The Netherlands Preps World's First Solar Road". PC Magazine.
- ^ Minekus, Mans (2015), Verhoeckx, Kitty; Cotter, Paul; López-Expósito, Iván; Kleiveland, Charlotte (eds.), "The TNO Gastro-Intestinal Model (TIM)", The Impact of Food Bioactives on Health: in vitro and ex vivo models, Cham (CH): Springer, ISBN 978-3-319-15791-7, PMID 29787065, retrieved 2024-07-15
- ^ "LOCATIONS". www.tno.nl. Retrieved 15 Dec 2017.
- ^ ; see All Honorable Men by James Stewart Martin.
- ^ NOS, 6 June 2006. "Straling UMTS-mast niet schadelijk".
- ^ "Ontruiming Bos en Lommerplein A'dam"". NOS. 11 July 2006. Retrieved 22 January 2023.
- ^ "Onacceptabele rol TNO in zaak balkondrama". hwww.nu.nl (in Dutch). 6 November 2006. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
- ^ Vorkink, Rob (29 October 2018). "TNO pleegde fraude om oorzaak vuurwerkramp Enschede te verhullen". www.ftm.nl (in Dutch).
External links
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