Proven oil reserves in Iran, according to its government, rank fourth largest in the world at approximately as of 2013, although it ranks third if Canadian reserves of unconventional oil are excluded.[1] This is roughly 10% of the world's total proven petroleum reserves. At 2020 rates of production, Iran's oil reserves would last 145 years if no new oil was found.
According to NIOC, Iran recoverable liquid hydrocarbon reserves at the end of 2006 was 138.4 billion barrels.[2] Apart from these considerable reserves, from the outset of oil industry in Iran in 1908 to the end of 2007, Iran produced some 61 billion barrels of oil.[2]
Iran has more than a century of history in exploration and production; the first successful exploration well was Masjid Suleiman-1 on May 26, 1908. Since then, based on the latest oil and gas reports, 145 hydrocarbon fields and 297 oil and gas reservoirs have been discovered in Iran, with many fields having multiple pay zones. A total of 102 fields are oil and the remaining 43 are gas, and there are 205 oil reservoirs and 92 natural gas reservoirs. According to Iran Energy Balance Sheet (2009, in Persian), 78 of these fields are currently active, with 62 onshore and 16 offshore, leaving 67 fields inactive at present. Some 23 hydrocarbon fields lie in border areas and are shared between Iran and adjacent countries, including Kuwait, Iraq, Qatar, Bahrain, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Turkmenistan.[3]
Iranian production peaked at 6 million barrels per day (950×103 m3/d) in 1974,[4] but it has been unable to produce at that rate since the 1979 Iranian Revolution due to a combination of political unrest, war with Iraq, limited investment, US sanctions, and a high rate of natural decline.[4] Iran's mature oil fields are in need of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques such as gas injection to maintain production,[4] which is declining at an annual rate of approximately 8% onshore and 10% offshore.[4] With current technology it is only possible to extract 20% to 25% of the oil in place[4] from Iran's fractured carbonate reservoirs, 10% less than the world average.[4] It is estimated that 400,000-700,001 bbl/d of crude production is lost annually due to declines in the mature oil fields.[4]
Largest oil fields
editThe five biggest Iran's oil fields;[5]
| Rank | Field Name | Formation | Initial Oil in Place (Billion Barrels) |
Initial Recoverable Reserves (Billion Barrels) |
Production Thousand barrels per day |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ahvaz Field | Asmari & Bangestan | 65.5 | 25.5 | 945 |
| 2 | Marun Field | Asmari | 46.7 | 21.9 | 520 |
| 3 | Aghajari Field | Asmari & Bangestan | 30.2 | 17.4 | 200 |
| 4 | Gachsaran Field | Asmari & Bangestan | 52.9 | 16.2 | 560 |
| 5 | Karanj Oil Field | Asmari & Bangestan | 11.2 | 5.7 | 200 |
| Field's Name | Thousand barrels per day |
Thousand cubic meters per day |
|---|---|---|
| (onshore) | ||
| Ahvaz Field (Asmari Formation) | 700 | 110 |
| Gachsaran Field | 560 | 89 |
| Marun Field | 520 | 83 |
| Bangestan | 245 | 39.0 |
| Aghajari Field | 200 | 32 |
| Karanj-Parsi Oil Field | 200 | 32 |
| Rag Safid Oil Field | 180 | 29 |
| Bibi Hakimeh Oil Field | 130 | 21 |
| Darquin Oil Field | 100 | 16 |
| Paazanan Oil Field | 70 | 11 |
| (offshore) | ||
| Dorood Oil Field | 130 | 21 |
| Salman Field | 130 | 21 |
| Abuzar Oil Field | 125 | 19.9 |
| Sirri Oil Field | 95 | 15.1 |
| Soroush Gas Field | 60 | 9.5 |
Additions to reserves
edit
Iran oil reserves at the beginning of 2001 were reported to be about 99 billion barrels; however in 2002 the result of NIOC's study showed huge reserves upgrade adding about 31.7 billion barrels of recoverable reserves to the Iranian oil reserves.
The 2002 NIOC reserve revision came from the following sources:[5]
- Revision of oil-in-place volume which added 14,3 billion barrels of oil to Iran's Oil in place reserves.
- Revision of the field's recovery factors which increased average recovery factor of the revised oil fields from 29% to 36%.
- South Pars gas field liquefied petroleum gas reserves (C3 and C4) about 3,2 billion recoverable barrels.
- New discoveries about 700 million recoverable barrels.
In addition to the large reserves, Iran still has huge potential for new significant gas discoveries: areas like Caspian Sea, North East, Central Kavir and especially areas starting from Aghar and Dalan gas fields in Fars province up to the Strait of Hormuz and Central Persian Gulf have considerable amount of undiscovered gas resources.[6] According to Exploration Directorate of NIOC, there are about 150 unexplored anticlines in Iran.[7]
Since 1995, the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) has made significant oil and gas discoveries, standing for some 84-billion-barrels (1.34×1010 m3) of oil in place and at least 191×1012 cu ft (5,400 km3) of gas in place, which are listed below.[8]
In the Zagros and Persian Gulf Basins the highly porous Cretaceous and Tertiary carbonate rocks make very important oil reservoirs, while Permo-Triassic carbonates, particularly the Dalan and Kangan formations, are the main gas and condensate reservoirs. It is reported that 38 gas/condensate pools have been discovered in the Dalan and Kangan formations in these basins alone. The mid-Cretaceous Sarvak formation is significant for the volume of recoverable oil it holds, while the Oligo-Miocene Asmari formation is the best current producer.[3]
| Field's Name | Oil In Place | Recoverable Oil | Discovery Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Billion Barrel | Billion Barrel | ||
| Azadegan | 33.2 | 5.2 | |
| Yadavaran (Kushk+Hosseinieh) | 17 | 3 | |
| Ramin [10] | 7.398 | 1.11 | 2007 |
| South Pars Oil Layer | 6 | NA | |
| Band-E-Karkeh [11][12] | 4.5 | NA | 2007 |
| Mansour Abad | 4.45 | NA | 2007 |
| Changoleh [13] | 2.7 | NA | |
| Azar[14][13] | 2.07 | NA | 2007 |
| Paranj | 1.6 | NA | 2007 |
| Andimeshk (Balaroud)[15] | 1.1 | 0.233 | 2007 |
| Binalood[16] | 0.776 | 0.099 | 2008 |
| Mansouri-Khami layer[14] | 0.760 | NA | |
| Jofeyr-Fahliyan layer[17][18] | 0.750 | NA | 2008 |
| Asaluyeh[19] | 0.525 | NA | 2008 |
| Arvand[20] | 0.500 | NA | 2008 |
| Sumar[21] | 0.475 | 0.070 | 2010 |
| Tusan | 0.470 | NA | 2006 |
| Arash | 0.168 | NA | |
| Total | 84.442 | NA |
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "CIA - the World Factbook -- Rank Order - Oil - proved reserves". Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved March 23, 2012.
- ^ a b "OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2006" (PDF). OPEC. 2007-09-13. Retrieved 2021-01-11.
- ^ a b Persia Land of Black Gold, Retrieved 2012-4-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Iran Oil" (PDF). Country Analysis Briefs. US Energy Information Administration. 2007.
- ^ a b The 8th IIES International Conference "Energy Security and New Challenges", held in 29–30 November 2003, IRIB Conference Center, Tehran, Iran "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-11. Retrieved 2008-05-29.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of Lower Silurian Qusaiba-Paleozoic Total Petroleum Systems [1]
- ^ Farsnews.ir 17 Apr 2008
- ^ Iran Oil Ministry Annual Bulletin, 5th Edition, pages 190-193 (available in persian)(كتاب نفت و توسعه)."کتاب نفت و توسعه". Archived from the original on March 18, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2009. and Iran Energy Balance Sheet (ترازنامه انرژی ایران ) (available in Persian), Pages 132 & 175, Published by; Iran's Energy Ministry, Secretariat of Energy and Electricity,2006 "وزارت نيرو _ معاونت برق و انرژی". Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
- ^ Iran Oil Ministry Annual Bulletin, 5th Edition, pages 190-193 (available in persian)(كتاب نفت و توسعه)."کتاب نفت و توسعه". Archived from the original on March 18, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2009. and Iran Energy Balance Sheet (ترازنامه انرژی ایران ) (available in Persian), Page 132, Published by; Iran's Energy Ministry, Secretariat of Energy and Electricity,2006 "وزارت نيرو _ معاونت برق و انرژی". Archived from the original on December 27, 2008. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),April 23, 2005, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),25/4/2009, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),25/4/2009"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Sahan.ir),October 15, 2007,"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b NIOC Official Web Site,(www.NIOC.ir),"Oil and gas reserves - Exploration". Archived from the original on June 12, 2008. Retrieved April 11, 2008.
- ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),July 02, 2008,"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2012-03-09. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ NIOC Official News Agency,(www.Shana.ir),[2] Archived 2012-06-04 at the Wayback Machine