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Order of the Liberator General San Martín

The Order of the Liberator General San Martín (Spanish: Orden del Libertador General San Martín) is the highest decoration in Argentina. It is awarded to foreign politicians or military, deemed worthy of the highest recognition from Argentina. It is granted by the sitting President of Argentina.[1]

Order of the Liberator General San Martin
Orden del Libertador General San Martín
Awarded by
 Argentina
TypeOrder
EstablishedAugust 17, 1943
StatusCurrently awarded
GradesCollar
Grand Cross
Grand Officer
Commander
Officer
Member
Precedence
Next (lower)Order of May

Ribbon bar of the order

History

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It owes its name to General José de San Martín, called Father of the Nation and Liberator. The original design was made by the Argentine engineer and sculptor Ángel Eusebio Ibarra García. It was created by Decree No. 5,000 of August 17, 1943; amended by Law No. 13. 202 of May 21, 1948; which in turn was repealed by Decree Law No. 16.628 of December 17, 1957, which re-creates the Order. The modifications introduced were only in the form. The regulations still in force were approved by Decree No. 16,643 of December 18, 1967.

Grades

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The Grades are:

Notable recipients

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Main article: List of recipients of the Order of the Liberator General San Martín
Date Recipient Grade
8 June 1947   Spain – Caudillo Francisco Franco (1936–1975) Collar
16 August 1947   Brazil – President Eurico Gaspar Dutra (1946–1951) Collar
20 December 1948   Chile – Former president Arturo Alessandri (1920–1925; 1932-1938) Grand Cross
1950   Peru – President Manuel Arturo Odría (1948–1950; 1950-1956) Collar
12 May 1950   United States – General Dwight Eisenhower (1953–1961) Grand Cross
4 April 1951   Netherlands – Prince Bernhard (1948–1980) Grand Cross
18 July 1952   Argentina – First Lady Eva Duarte de Perón (1946–1952) Extraordinary
19 February 1953   Chile – President Carlos Ibáñez del Campo (1927–1931; 1952–1958) Collar
15 August 1954   Paraguay – President Alfredo Stroessner (1954–1989) Collar
2 February 1959   Italy – Prime Minister Antonio Segni (1955–1957; 1959–1960) Grand Cross
1960   Belgium – King Baudouin (1951–1993) Collar
8 May 1960   France – President Charles De Gaulle (1959–1969) Collar
June 1960   Germany – Chancellor Konrad Adenauer (1949–1963) Grand Cross
1 July 1960   Netherlands – Queen Juliana (1948–1980) Collar
4 July 1960   United Kingdom – Queen Elizabeth II (1952–2022) Collar
October 1960   Taiwan – President Chiang Kai-shek (1950–1975) Collar
9 April 1961   Italy – President Giovanni Gronchi (1955–1962) Collar
8 July 1961   Bolivia – President Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1952–1956; 1960–1964; 1985–1989) Collar
8 December 1961   Thailand – King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946–2016)[2] Collar
  Thailand – Queen Sirikit (1950–2016) Grand Cross
  Thailand – Prime Minister Sarit Thanarat (1959–1963)[3] Grand Cross
22 March 1962   United Kingdom – Prince Philip (1952–2021) Grand Cross
10 May 1965   Iran – Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979) Collar
  Iran – Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi (1961–1979) Grand Cross
15 September 1965   Italy – President Giuseppe Saragat (1964–1971) Collar
29 October 1965   Chile – President Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964–1970) Collar
1966   Cambodia – King Norodom Sihanouk (1941–1970, 1993-2004) Collar
25 March 1966   Denmark – Princess Margrethe (1940–1972; Queen: 1972–incumbent) Grand Cross
18 September 1967   Norway – King Olav V (1957–1991) Collar
1970   Ethiopia – Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974) Collar
18 April 1971   Costa Rica – President José Figueres Ferrer (1948–1949; 1953–1958; 1970–1974) Collar
13 October 1971   Peru – President Juan Velasco Alvaro (1968–1975) Collar
1972   South Korea – President Park Chung-hee (1962-1979) Collar
  Indonesia – President Suharto (1968-1998) Collar
  Indonesia – First Lady Siti Hartinah (1968-1998) Grand Cross
16 June 1973   Spain – President Luis Carrero Blanco (1973) Grand Cross
5 March 1974   Romania – President Nicolae Ceausescu (1967–1989) Collar
  Romania – First Lady Elena Ceausescu (1974–1989) Grand Cross
1976   Chile – President Augusto Pinochet (1973-1990)[4] Grand Cross
4 March 1978   Peru – President Francisco Morales Bermúdez (1975–1980) Collar
1 December 1978   Spain – King Juan Carlos I (1975–2014) Collar
  Spain – Queen Sofía (1975–2014) Grand Cross
8 October 1979   Japan – Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989) Collar
7 June 1985   Peru – President Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1963–1968; 1980–1985) Collar
17 July 1986   Philippines – President Corazon Aquino (1986–1992) Collar
19 July 1986   Saudi Arabia – King Fahd (1982–2005) Collar
28 July 1986   Brazil – President José Sarney (1985–1990) Collar
5 July 1990   Brazil – President Fernando Collor de Mello (1990–1992) Collar
27 August 1990   Chile – President Patricio Aylwin (1990–1994)[5] Collar
1991   Malaysia – Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad (1981–2003, 2018-2020)[6][better source needed] Grand Cross
1992   Morocco – King Hassan II (1961–1999) Collar
  Jordan – King Hussein (1952–1999) Collar
11 May 1992   Egypt – President Hosni Moubarak (1981–2011) Collar
27 March 1994   Spain – Infanta Elena (1963–1995) Grand Cross
  Spain – Infanta Cristina (1965–1997) Grand Cross
6 May 1994   Belgium – Prince Philippe (1993–2013) Grand Cross
1 December 1994   Croatia – President Franjo Tuđman (1990–1999) Collar
21 February 1995   Poland – President Lech Wałęsa (1990–1995) Collar
24 February 1995   South Africa – President Nelson Mandela (1994–1999) Collar
31 May 1995   Austria – President Thomas Klestil (1992–2004)[7] Collar
14 March 1996   Lithuania – President Algirdas Brazauskas (1992–1998) Collar
8 April 1996   Brazil – President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2002) Collar
16 July 1996   Laos – President Nouhak Phoumsavanh (1992–1998) Collar
27 September 1996   Czech Republic – President Vaclav Havel (1993–2003) Collar
12 November 1996   Mexico – President Ernesto Zedillo (1994–2000) Collar
3 March 1997   Finland – President Martti Ahtisaari (1994–2000) Collar
7 April 1997   Hungary – President Árpád Göncz (1990–2000) Collar
9 April 1997   Thailand – Prime Minister Chavalit Yongchaiyudh (1996–1997)[8] Grand Cross
21 April 1997   Spain – President José María Aznar (1996–2004) Grand Cross
28 April 1997   Haiti – President René Préval (1996–2001; 2006-2011) Collar
26 May 1998   Sweden – King Carl XVI Gustav (1973–incumbent) Collar
  Sweden – Queen Silvia (1976–incumbent) Grand Cross
  Sweden – Princess Lilian (1976–2013) Grand Cross
16 July 1998   United Nations – Secretary-General Kofi Annan (1997–2006)[9][better source needed] Grand Cross
10 August 1998   Nicaragua – President Arnoldo Alemán (1997–2002) Collar
29 September 1998   Japan – Prince Akishino (1990–Incumbent) Grand Cross
2 December 1998   Japan – Emperor Akihito (1989–2019) Collar
  Japan – Empress Michiko (1989–2019) Grand Cross
20 September 1999   Philippines – President Joseph Estrada (1998–2001)[10][better source needed] Collar
15 May 2000   Paraguay – President Luis González Macchi (1999–2003)[11][better source needed] Collar
18 May 2000   Chile – President Ricardo Lagos (2000–2006) Collar
25 September 2000   Saudi Arabia – Prince Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz al Saud (1982–2005) Grand Cross
12 October 2000   Colombia – President Andrés Pastrana Arango (1998–2002) Collar
14 March 2001   Italy – President Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006) Collar
21 August 2001   Dominican Republic – President Hipólito Mejía (2000–2004) Collar
15 November 2001   Portugal – President Jorge Sampaio (1996–2006) Collar
7 April 2003   Sovereign Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master Fra' Andrew Bertie (1988–2008) Grand Cross
29 April 2003   Uruguay – President Jorge Batlle (2000–2005) Collar
7 December 2004   Morocco – King Mohammed VI (1999–incumbent) Collar
21 April 2008   Ecuador – President Rafael Correa (2007–2017) Collar
24 November 2008   Mexico – President Felipe Calderón (2006–2012) Collar
9 February 2009   Spain – Princess Letizia (2004–2014) Grand Cross
16 January 2011   Kuwait – Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (2006–2020) Collar
  Kuwait – Prince Nawaf Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (2006–2020) Grand Cross
28 November 2012   Peru – President Ollanta Humala (2011–2016) Collar
8 May 2013   Venezuela – President Nicolás Maduro (2013–Incumbent) / Revoked by President Mauricio Macri.[12] Collar
2016   Japan – Prime Minister Shinzo Abe (2006–2007, 2012–2020)[13] Grand Cross
25 February 2016   France – President François Hollande (2012–2017) Collar
29 July 2016   Mexico – President Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018) Collar
8 August 2016   United Nations – Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon (2007–2016) Grand Cross
9 August 2016   Australia – Governor-General Peter Cosgrove (2014–2019) Collar
22 February 2017   Spain – King Felipe VI (2014–Incumbent) Collar
27 March 2017   Netherlands – King Willem-Alexander (2013–incumbent) Collar
13 November 2017   United States – Former president Jimmy Carter (1977–1981) Grand Cross
8 May 2017   Italy – President Sergio Mattarella (2015–Incumbent) Collar
6 March 2018   Norway – King Harald V (1991–incumbent) Collar
2 December 2018   China – President Xi Jinping (2013–Incumbent)[14] Collar
25 January 2021   Uruguay – Former president José Mujica (2010–2015)[15] Collar

References

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  1. ^ "En qué consiste la Orden del Libertador San Martín que le retiraron a Maduro" [What is the Order of the Liberator General San Martín that was revoked from Maduro]. La Nación (in Spanish). 11 August 2017. Retrieved 11 August 2017.
  2. ^ Photo
  3. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ^ Decreto n.° 2904/76. Boletín Oficial de la República Argentina. 6 December 1976. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 20 July 2021.
  5. ^ "Recibimiento del Presidente Carlos Menem en Palacio de la Moneda : vídeo - Archivo Presidencial Patricio Aylwin Azócar 1990-1994". archivospublicos.uahurtado.cl. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  6. ^ "MAHATHIR". Ray Azrul. Scribd. 18 February 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2019.
  7. ^ "Decreto 772 / 1995". argentina.gob.ar (in Spanish). Government of Argentina.
  8. ^ ประกาศสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานพระบรมราชานุญาตให้ประดับเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ต่างประเทศ เล่ม 114 ตอนที่ 7 ข ราชกิจจานุเบกษา 9 เมษายน 2540
  9. ^ Limited, Alamy. "El presidente argentino Carlos Menem (R) conversa con el Secretario General de las Naciones Unidas Kofi Annan momentos después de otorgarle el más alto honor de Argentina, la Orden del Libertador General San Martín, en reconocimiento al trabajo de Annan en temas mundiales de derechos humanos el 16 de julio, en el palacio de gobierno de la Casa Rosada. Annan está en Argentina como parte de una gira sudamericana. RR/ELD/AA Fotografía de stock". Alamy (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 November 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  10. ^ Limited, Alamy. "El presidente argentino Carlos Menem (R) decora al presidente filipino Joseph Estrada con la Orden del Libertador General San Martín, durante una ceremonia en la Casa Rosada Presidencial el 20 de septiembre. Estrada, que está en visita oficial a Argentina, firmará acuerdos bilaterales con su contraparte Argentina para mejorar la relación entre ambos países. EM/ZDC Fotografía de stock". Alamy (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 November 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  11. ^ Limited, Alamy. "El presidente paraguayo, Luis González Macchi (R), lleva la medalla Argentina San Martín mientras que su homólogo argentino Fernando de la Rua lleva la medalla paraguaya Mariscal Francisco López, durante una ceremonia en el palacio presidencial, mayo de 15. Los líderes se condecoraron entre sí durante una visita estatal de la Rua. RR/TB Fotografía de stock". Alamy (in Spanish). Retrieved 14 October 2020. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  12. ^ "El Gobierno le retira a Maduro la Orden del Libertador San Martín". www.gacetamercantil.com. Retrieved 14 October 2020.
  13. ^ "Palabras del presidente Mauricio Macri y del primer ministro de Japón, Shinzo Abe, en el almuerzo ofrecido en honor del mandatario japonés" (in Spanish). Casa Rosada | Government of Argentina. 2016. Archived from the original on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  14. ^ de 2019, 2 de Mayo. "El Gobierno condecoró a Xi Jinping con la Orden del Libertador San Martín". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved 14 October 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  15. ^ "Uruguay's Jose Pepe Mujica bestowed with the highest honor of Argentina". MercoPress. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
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