The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Poland:
Poland is a sovereign country located in Central Europe.[1] It is bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 km2 (120,728 sq mi),[2] making it the 69th largest country in the world and 9th in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38.5 million people, which makes it the 33rd most populous country in the world.[3]
The establishment of a Polish state is often identified with the adoption of Christianity by its ruler Mieszko I in 966 (see Baptism of Poland), when the state covered territory similar to that of present-day Poland. Poland became a kingdom in 1025, and in 1569 it cemented a long association with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania by uniting to form the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Commonwealth collapsed in 1795, and its territory was partitioned among Prussia, Russia, and Austria. Poland regained its independence in 1918 after World War I but lost it again in World War II, occupied by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. Poland lost over six million citizens in World War II, and emerged several years later as a socialist republic within the Eastern Bloc under strong Soviet influence. In 1989 communist rule was overthrown and Poland became what is constitutionally known as the "Third Polish Republic". Poland is a unitary state made up of sixteen voivodeships (Polish: województwo). Poland is also a member of the European Union, NATO and OECD.
General reference
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- Pronunciation: /ˈpoʊlənd/
- Common English country name: Poland
- Official English country name: The Republic of Poland
- Common endonym(s): Polska
- Official endonym(s): Rzeczpospolita Polska
- Adjectival(s): Polish, polski(a)–polskie
- Demonym(s): Polish
- Etymology: Name of Poland
- International rankings of Poland
- ISO country codes: PL, POL, 616
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:PL
- Internet country code top-level domain: .pl
Geography of Poland
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- Poland is: a sovereign state
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Eurasia
- Europe
- Time zone: Central European Time (UTC+01), Central European Summer Time (UTC+02)
- Extreme points of Poland
- High: Rysy 2,499 m (8,199 ft)
- Low: Żuławy Wiślane −1.8 m (−6 ft)
- Land boundaries: 3,071 km
Czech Republic 796 km
Slovakia 541 km
Ukraine 535 km
Germany 467 km
Belarus 418 km
Russia 210 km
Lithuania 104 km
- Coastline: Baltic Sea 440 km
- Population of Poland: 38,115,967 (June 30, 2007) - 37th most populous country
- Area of Poland: 312679 km2
- Atlas of Poland
Environment of Poland
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Main: Environment of Poland
- Climate of Poland
- Ecoregions in Poland
- Renewable energy in Poland
- Geology of Poland
- Protected areas of Poland
- Wildlife of Poland
Natural geographic features of Poland
edit- Glaciers of Poland
- Islands of Poland
- Lakes of Poland
- Mountains of Poland
- Rivers of Poland
- Valleys of Poland
- World Heritage Sites in Poland
Regions of Poland
editEcoregions of Poland
editAdministrative divisions of Poland
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Administrative divisions of Poland
Provinces of Poland
editMunicipalities of Poland
edit- Capital of Poland: Warsaw
- Cities of Poland
Demography of Poland
editGovernment and politics of Poland
edit- Form of government: unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic
- Capital of Poland: Warsaw
- Elections in Poland
- Political parties in Poland
Branches of the government of Poland
editExecutive branch of the government of Poland
edit- Head of state: President of Poland, Andrzej Duda
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Poland, Donald Tusk
- Cabinet of Poland
Legislative branch of the government of Poland
edit- National Assembly of the Republic of Poland (bicameral)
- Upper house: Senate of Poland
- Lower house: Sejm of Poland
Judicial branch of the government of Poland
editForeign relations of Poland
editInternational organization membership
editThe Republic of Poland is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Poland
edit- Capital punishment in Poland
- Constitution of Poland
- Crime in Poland
- Human rights in Poland
- Law enforcement in Poland
Military of Poland
edit- Command
- Forces
- Military history of Poland
- Military ranks of Poland
Local government in Poland
editOther
editHistory of Poland
editCulture of Poland
edit- Architecture of Poland
- Cuisine of Poland
- Ethnic minorities in Poland
- Festivals in Poland
- Languages of Poland
- Media in Poland
- National symbols of Poland
- People of Poland
- Prostitution in Poland
- Public holidays in Poland
- Records of Poland
- Religion in Poland
- World Heritage Sites of Poland
Art in Poland
edit- Art in Poland
- Cinema of Poland
- Literature of Poland
- Music of Poland
- Television in Poland
- Theatre in Poland
Sports in Poland
editEconomy and infrastructure of Poland
edit- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2018): 22nd (twenty-second)
- Agriculture in Poland
- Banking in Poland
- Communications in Poland
- Companies of Poland
- Currency of Poland: Złoty
- ISO 4217: PLN
- Energy in Poland
- Bełchatów Power Station – largest thermal power station in Europe, and one of largest fossil fuel power stations in the world. It produces 27-28 TWh of electricity per year, 20% of Poland's total power generation.
- Energy policy of Poland
- Oil industry in Poland
- Health care in Poland
- Mining in Poland
- Poland Stock Exchange
- Tourism in Poland
- Water supply and sanitation in Poland
Transportation in Poland
editEducation in Poland
editHealth in Poland
editSee also
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References
edit- ^ a b "Poland". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 2, 2009. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ^ "Warunki Naturalne i Ochrona Środowiska (Environment and Environmental Protection)". Mały Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 2013 [Concise Statistical Yearbook of Poland 2013] (in Polish and English). Główny Urząd Statystyczny. 2013. p. 26. ISSN 1640-3630.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help) - ^ NationMaster.com 2003-2007, Poland, Facts and figures
External links
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- General
- Poland.gov.pl - Polish national portal
- Polish Information
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs
- Poland at the World Factbook
- Background Note: Poland
- Travel
Poland travel guide from Wikivoyage- Commonwealth of Diverse Cultures: Poland's Heritage
- Photos
