Wikipedia

Rybno-Slobodsky District

Rybno-Slobodsky District (Russian: Ры́бно-Слобо́дский райо́н; Tatar: Балык Бистәсе районы) is a territorial administrative unit and municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan within the Russian Federation. It is located in the central part of the republic, on the right bank of the Kama River. The administrative center is the urban-type settlement Rybnaya Sloboda. As of 2020, the district had a total population of 25,052 people. The total land area of the district is 2053 km2.[4]

Rybno-Slobodsky District
Рыбно-Слободский район
District
Other transcription(s)
 • TatarБалык Бистәсе районы
Betka River, Rybno-Sobodsky District
Betka River, Rybno-Sobodsky District
Flag of Rybno-Slobodsky District
Flag
Coat of arms of Rybno-Slobodsky District
Coat of arms
Map
Location of Rybno-Slobodsky District in the Republic of Tatarstan
Coordinates: 55°32′N 50°20′E / 55.533°N 50.333°E / 55.533; 50.333
CountryRussia
Federal subjectRepublic of Tatarstan
Established14 February 1927Edit this on Wikidata
Administrative centerRybnaya Sloboda
Area
 • Total
2,052 km2 (792 sq mi)
Population
 (2010 Census)[1]
 • Total
27,630
 • Density13/km2 (35/sq mi)
 • Urban
27.8%
 • Rural
72.2%
Administrative structure
 • Inhabited localities1 Urban-type settlements[2], 77 rural localities
Municipal structure
 • Municipally incorporated asRybno-Slobodsky Municipal District
 • Municipal divisions1 urban settlements, 26 rural settlements
Time zoneUTC+3 (MSK Edit this on Wikidata[3])
OKTMO ID92650000
Websitehttp://ribnaya-sloboda.tatarstan.ru/

The village of Rybnaya Sloboda was formed by the decree of Boris Godunov at the end of the 16th century. The settlement received its name in honor of the fishing industry widespread in the region, in which participated many residents of the Kama villages. The Rybno-Slobodsky district was formed as an administrative unit in 1927.[4][5]

The region is predominantly agricultural with around 1181.1 km2 of land designated for agricultural use. Five large agricultural firms operate in the region, occupying 46% of agricultural land: Vamin Tatarstan, Krasny Vostok - Agro, Kulon, Ratsin, Saba Agro.[4][6][7]

Geography

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In the north, the Rybno-Slobodsky district borders with the Pestrechinsky, Tyulyachinsky and Sabinsky districts, to the west it borders the Laishevsky district, and to the east the Mamadyshsky district. On the southern side, the region is separated by the river from the Chistopolsky and Alekseevsky districts of Tatarstan. The total land area of the district is 2053 km2 and its administrative center is located in the urban-type settlement Rybnaya Sloboda.[4]

Coat of arms

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The emblems on the regional coat of arms symbolize fishing which is a traditional craft of local residents. The blue color emphasizes the importance of water resources for the economy of the region, as well as honor, nobility, spirituality. Openwork fishing nets are a symbol of the lace and jewellery crafts developed in the region: fish-settlement laces are distinguished by a clear pattern, with a predominance of geometric patterns. The gold color symbolizes harvest, wealth, stability, respect, and silver - purity, perfection, peace and understanding. The flag of the area was designed on the basis of the coat of arms and is a blue cloth, which depicts a white fishing net and a yellow beluga on the background.[4]

History

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A view on the right bank of Kama
 
Russian Oshnyak

Background

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Main article: Rybnaya Sloboda

The village Rybnaya Sloboda was formed at the end of the 16th century by the decree of Boris Godunov. It was erected near a fort which was intended to secure the external borders of the Russian state on the right bank of the Kama river. The settlement received its name in honor of the national fishing industry, which was practiced by many residents of the Kama villages.[4][5][8]

Rybno-Slobodsky District as an administrative unit within the TASSR was formed on February 14, 1927. Until 1920 the territory was a part of the Laishevsky District and from 1920 to 1927 was included in the Laishevsky canton. On March 26, 1959, new territories which had previously belonged to the abolished Kzyl-Yulduz district were added to the Rybno-Slobodsky district. On January 4, 1963, the district was abolished and part of its territory transferred to the Mamadyshsky district. Yet already on January 12, 1965, the Rybno-Slobodskoy district was restored as an administrative division.[9]

Modern Rybno-Slobodsky District

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From 2008 to 2017, the Rybno-Slobodskoy district was headed by Ilham Valeev. He was removed from office as a result of numerous violations revealed in the course of an investigation by the anti-corruption department under the President of Tatarstan. Two years later, Valeev's former deputy, Rafik Gadeev was convicted of abuse of power. In 2018, Ildar Tazutdinov was appointed as the new head of the district.[6][10][11]

Population

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As of 2020, the district had a population of 25,052. The ethnic composition of the region is 78.5% Tatars, 20% Russians, 1.5% other nationalities.[6][4] In 2019, the Rybno-Slobodsky district recorded the worst fertility-to-mortality ratio in the region with elderly residents composing 26.5% of the population and the district death rate exceeded the birth rate by almost two times.[12] The district also faces low birth rates with 153 children were born in 2016 and only 81 in 2017.[13][14] Only 30.81% of the district's population lives in urban conditions (the village of Rybnaya Sloboda).

Municipal-territorial structure

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The Rybno-Slobodsky municipal district is divided into 1 urban and 26 rural settlements with 78 settlements within them.[15]

Previously existing but abolished settlements of the region include the following: the villages of Bolshoi Atmas, Kolos, Nosovo and Tatarskoye Mordovo, and the villages of Baiteryakovo and Yamash.

Economy

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Calcite in the Kama region
 
Local fields

The average monthly salary of employees in the district is 25 941 rubles. Salaries of employees of municipal institutions of culture and art earn 29 987 rubles while employees of municipal educational institutions receive an average of 18 260 rubles monthly.[6]

There are several large industrial enterprises in the region including the Rybnoslobodsky butter-dairy plant, the fishery "Krug" (annual catch - about 160 tons) and the brick factory "Stroykeramika".[4][16]

Agriculture

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The agricultural industry in the region is focused on meat and dairy farming and crop production. Spring wheat, winter rye, barley, oats, peas, and corn are among the main crops cultivated in the region. The total area of agricultural land in the Rybno-Slobodsky district is 104.8 hectares, of which 84.6 hectares are arable land. There are 19 large and medium-sized agricultural enterprises, 77 peasant farms and 9704 private subsidiary plots.[4][14] The number of cows in the district in 2019 amounted to 4,791 units (out of more than 200 thousand throughout the country).[17]

Since 2016, the Rybno-Slobodsky district has been implementing a project of the Krasny Vostok agricultural holding for the production of marbled beef, which was supervised by State Duma deputy Ayrat Khairullin.[18] Было объявлено о инвестициях в компанию в размере 1,3 млрд рублей.[19] An investment in Krasny Vostok to the amount of 1.3 billion rubles was recently announced [36]. In 2019 the poultry enterprise "Rybno-Slobodskaya agrofirm " KAZ " specializing in geese breeding was opened on the territory of the Russian-Oshnyaksky rural settlement. The amount of declared investment for the first stage of construction amounted to 6 million rubles.[20][21] Another large farm in the region, Krug, is engaged in fish farming and fish processing. The annual catch of the plant is about 160 tons; the plant smokes most of its catch and delivers it to stores ready-made.[21] At the beginning of 2020, a plant for breeding African Clarius catfish and catching river fish "Clarius" was opened, where it is planned to farm up to 50 tons of fish per year. At the moment, the project has invested 12 million investments, the total planned amount is 15 million.[22]

In 2012, the construction of a fish hatchery began using support from the republican sectoral program, eventually becoming associated with one of the largest corruption scandals in the region which lead to the dismissal of former head Ilham Valeev. Initially 73 million rubles were allocated for the project from the federal budget, 20 million from the Tatarstan budget. The beneficiaries of the project were the companies of Valeev's relatives. As a result of their embezzlement, construction was frozen due to lack of funds. After this incident, the president of the republic began to personally control the income of regional administrators.[23][24]

Investment potential

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Five large agricultural investment groups occupy 46% of the agricultural land in the region: the Rybno-Slobodsky butter-dairy plant "Vamin Tatarstan", the largest milk producer in the republic "Krasny Vostok - Agro", the agro-industrial center "RATSIN", and the foreign agricultural machinery concern " Sabagro "[3]. Their average investment volume is considered to be relatively small and amounts to 8,051 rubles per capitaя.[6][7][4]

Since 2018, the district has been implementing a program to improve the working conditions for investors and entrepreneurs. For example, in the village of Bolshoy Mashlyak, an enterprise for the production of sweets was funded with investment attracted from Turkey. Another Turkish investor is Food Alliance, which is building a 100 hectare greenhouse complex. The total amount of declared investment in the project is 17 million rubles. Food Alliance is also the main investment partner of the Tatarstan Hectare project (70 million in investment) - a cooperative on an area of 200 hectares where farmers will be able to grow strawberries, raspberries and currants as well process and pack products on-site. In total, 13 major investors have been attracted to the district in 2018 bringing with them a total of 854 million rubles of investment.[11][25]

In July 2020 the Agency for Tourism Development in Tatarstan announced plans to launch a grant program for the development of the Rybno-Slobodsky District. In this program, small and medium-sized businesses may apply for subsidies of up to 3 million rubles for the development of new tourist routes and tourism infrastructure, including the installation of signage, the creation of audio guide systems, general improvements, the development of a network of glamping sites and the purchase of required equipment. Within the framework of another republic investment project "Five Winds" in the region, there are plans to build a sports and recreation camp with an occupancy of 200, a sailing school, sports and cinema hall as well as an all-season park for active family recreation and a camp site for 120 people.[26][25]

Meteorological studies were carried out in 2019 to assess the potential for wind power generation capacity and renewable energy investment in the region, which is located next to a large body of water, resulting in estimates of a potential for 600 MW of production capacity. As of 2020 construction of a wind farm is planned in the area.[27]

Transport

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Passenger shipping on Kama
 
Bridge over the Kama in the Sorochy Mountains

The M-7 (Volga) “Moscow - Kazan - Ufa” highway passes through the north of the district. In the south-west of the district the P-239 "Kazan - Orenburg - border with Kazakhstan" leads to the bridge over the Kama along with the 16K-1091 "Shali - Sorochi Gory" "(Backup R-239 in the section from M-7 to Kama). The road Polyanka (R-239) - Rybnaya Sloboda - Bolshoi Mashlyak (M-7) runs through the district from the south-west to the north-east of the district.

In 2017, two sections of the federal highway M-7 Kazan-Moscow were opened in the district. At the same time, more than 92% of the local population does not have access to bus or railway connections with the administrative center and there are no railway stations. Just over half of the roads in the district meet regulatory requirements.[28][6]

Ecology

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The outskirts of Krasniy Yar

Parts of the district are located on the banks of the Kama River, which flows into the Kuybyshev Reservoir. The rivers Betka, Oshnyak, Shumbut flow through the region. 13% of the district's territory is covered by Temperate deciduous forest which is primarily composed of Centaurea, iris sibirica, potamogeton, ranunculus lingua, epipactis atrorubens, potentilla erecta.[29]

To the west-east of the Shumbut River there is a hunting reserve with an area of 12.5 thousand hectares. The reserve contains game such as elk, wild boar, beaver, fox, raccoon dogs, badgers and other animals.[29]

Culture and Society

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The Rybno-Slobodskoy region is known in Russia for the fact that the poet Yakov Emelyanov grew up in the village of Alan-Polyan. In 2003 a treasure hoard of 6,000 coins dating from the 15th century was found in the district. Since 2019 a 19th-century mosque in the village of Bolshaya Yelga has been undergoing restoration under the leadership of the architect Alexander Popov.[30][31][32]

In 2016, an ecopark of wild spotted and red deer - marals was opened, restoring natural living conditions for these endangered species. In 2020, Rybno-Slobodsky District became part of the tourist route "1001 Pleasure", which also includes Kamskoye Ustye, Kukmor, Bogatye Saby, Bolgar, Yelabuga, Mamadysh, Chistopol, Almetyevsk and Arsk.[33][34][35]

In addition to tourism, sports projects are being actively developed in the region such as the Ice Palace with an area of 3.1 thousand square meters currently under construction. About 273 million rubles have been invested in the skating rink with the opening currently scheduled for 2021.[36]

Famous people

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  • Gizatulin, Minulla Sungatovich (1925-1993) - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Sergeev, Alexander Timofeevich (1916-1979) - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Shaimardanov, Zakiy Shaimardanovich (1923-1967) - Hero of the Soviet Union
  • Rustam Minnikhanov - second President of the Republic of Tatarstan
  • Nurullin, Rinnat Galeevich (Rinat Nurullin) (1954) - poet, Honored Inventor of the Republic of Tatarstan, candidate of technical sciences
  • Faizullin, Ravil Gabdrakhmanovich (1943) - poet and professional writer, People's Poet of Tatarstan, Honored Art Worker of the RSFSR, laureate of the State Prize named after G. Tukai, Prize named after M. Jalil
  • Fatkhutdinov, Damir Khasanovich (1923-1991) - geologist, laureate of the USSR State Prize

References

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  1. ^ Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
  2. ^ The count of urban-type settlements may include the work settlements, the resort settlements, the suburban (dacha) settlements, as well as urban-type settlements proper.
  3. ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Рыбно-Слободский район" [Rybno-Slobodsky district]. Tat Center. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  5. ^ a b Мухаметов 2019, p. 79—83.
  6. ^ a b c d e f "Где в Татарстане жить хорошо: рейтинг районов республики по качеству жизни" [Where to live well in Tatarstan: rating of regions of the republic in terms of quality of life]. Инказан.ру. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  7. ^ a b Мустафин & Булатова 2014, p. 155.
  8. ^ Тимофеева 2017, p. 570.
  9. ^ "Образование ТАССР: от Татаро-Башкирской республики и штата Идель-Урал к 10 кантонам и 70 районам" [Formation of the TASSR: from the Tatar-Bashkir Republic and the state of Idel-Ural to 10 cantons and 70 regions]. Интернет-газета "Реальное время". March 17, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  10. ^ "Рейтинг районов Татарстана" [Rating of districts of Tatarstan]. Inkazan. September 6, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  11. ^ a b "45 хуҗалар Татарстана – 45 хозяева Татарстана - 2019: рейтинг влияния районных глав" [45 khuqalars of Tatarstan - 45 hosts of Tatarstan - 2019: rating of the influence of regional heads]. Бугульма. Городской портал. December 16, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  12. ^ "2009—2019: что и как изменилось за 10 лет" [2009-2019: what and how has changed in 10 years]. Интернет-газета «Реальное время». January 28, 2019. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  13. ^ "Нарожали: самые бедные районы захлестнул беби-бум, а детсады оказались не готовы" [They gave birth: the poorest areas were overwhelmed by the baby boom, and the kindergartens were not ready]. Интернет-газета «Реальное время». July 27, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  14. ^ a b "Президент Татарстана призвал Рыбно-Слободский район повысить демографию и снизить младенческую смертность" [President of Tatarstan called on Rybno-Slobodsky district to increase demography and reduce infant mortality]. «Глас Народа». February 19, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  15. ^ "Закон Республики Татарстан от 31 января 2005 года No. 37-ЗРТ "Об установлении границ территорий и статусе муниципального образования "Рыбно-Слободский муниципальный район" и муниципальных образований в его составе"" [Law of the Republic of Tatarstan dated January 31, 2005 No. 37-ZRT "On the Establishment of Territory Boundaries and the Status of the Municipal Formation" Rybno-Slobodsky Municipal District "and its Municipal Formations"]. Электронный фонд правовой и нормативно-технической документации. Retrieved November 9, 2020.
  16. ^ "Потенциал муниципалитетов" [Potential of municipalities]. Кабинет Министров Республики Татарстан. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  17. ^ "Поголовье коров по районам Татарстана, конец 2019 года" [Livestock of cows by districts of Tatarstan, end of 2019]. Интернет-газета «Реальное время». Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  18. ^ ""7 дней": от аномально жаркого лета до рукотворных шедевров Спасской ярмарки" ["7 days": from an abnormally hot summer to man-made masterpieces of the Spasskaya Fair]. Интернет-газета «Реальное время». August 8, 2016. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  19. ^ Елена Фадеева (May 5, 2011). "Айрат Хайруллин взялся за "мраморное мясо"" [Ayrat Khairullin took up the "marble meat"]. Бизнес Online. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  20. ^ Елена Фадеева (May 5, 2011). "Айрат Хайруллин взялся за "мраморное мясо"" [Ayrat Khairullin took up the "marble meat"]. Бизнес Online. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  21. ^ a b "Что "ловить" в Рыбной Слободе?" [What to "catch" in Rybnaya Sloboda?]. Агентство инвестиционного развития. January 16, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  22. ^ "В Татарстане открыли завод по разведению африканского сома" [A plant for breeding African catfish was opened in Tatarstan]. Коммерсантъ. February 20, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  23. ^ ""Зеленая папка" Минниханова: почему президент Татарстана взял под личный контроль доходы глав районов" ["Green folder" Minnikhanov: why the President of Tatarstan took personal control of the income of the heads of the regions]. Интернет газета "Реальное время". December 7, 2017. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  24. ^ "Рыбка на дне: почему Рыбно-Слободский район - один из самых отстающих в Татарстане" [Fish at the bottom: why Rybno-Slobodsky district is one of the most lagging in Tatarstan]. KazanFirst. December 11, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  25. ^ a b Ирина Халитова (June 11, 2019). "А эмоциями мы наших туристов обеспечим!" [And we will provide our tourists with emotions]. общественно-политическая газета "Республика Татарстан". Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  26. ^ "В подготавливаемом новом республиканском пакете антикризисных мер будет расширена линейка льготных кредитных продуктов" [In the prepared new republican package of anti-crisis measures, the line of concessional credit products will be expanded]. Известия Татарстана. July 27, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  27. ^ Диана Авакян (July 11, 2019). "Инвестиции на ветер: за 600 МВт "зелёной" электроэнергии Татарстана поборются итальянцы и финны" [Investments to the wind: Italians and Finns will compete for 600 MW of "green" electricity in Tatarstan]. Сетевое издание «События». Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  28. ^ "В Рыбно-Слободском районе открыли два участка федеральной трассы М-7 Казань-Москва" [Two sections of the federal highway M-7 Kazan-Moscow were opened in Rybno-Slobodsky district]. Россия Татарстан. October 27, 2017. Retrieved November 6, 2020.
  29. ^ a b Экологический гид 2015, p. 229—233.
  30. ^ Альбина Ахметзянова (October 6, 2011). "Школа в сельской глубинке воспитала и обучила известных людей Татарстана" [A school in a rural outback brought up and trained famous people of Tatarstan]. Казанские ведомости. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  31. ^ Пачкалов 2012, p. 100—116.
  32. ^ Динара Прокопьева (April 14, 2019). ""Это сердце нашей деревни": в Татарстане разбирают деревянную мечеть XIX века, чтобы отреставрировать в Вологодской области и вернуть на место" ["This is the heart of our village": a wooden mosque of the 19th century is being dismantled in Tatarstan to be restored in the Vologda region and returned to its place]. Сетевое издание «События». Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  33. ^ ""Дикая ферма" благородных оленей в Рыбно-Слободском районе Татарстана" ["Wild farm" of red deer in the Rybno-Slobodsky district of Tatarstan]. Бөтендөнья татар конгрессы. July 20, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  34. ^ "Два района Татарстана включили в программу "1001 удовольствие за выходные"" [Two districts of Tatarstan included in the program "1001 weekend fun"]. Интернет-газета «Реальное время». June 20, 2020. Retrieved November 5, 2020.
  35. ^ Татарстан приглашает за «1001 удовольствием» в Альметьевск и Арск [Tatarstan invites for "1001 pleasure" to Almetyevsk and Arsk]. Татар информ. September 25, 2020. Retrieved November 10, 2020.
  36. ^ "В Рыбной Слободе построят каток с искусственным льдом за 273 млн рублей" [A skating rink with artificial ice will be built in Rybnaya Sloboda for 273 million rubles]. Татар-информ. September 8, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2020.

Sources

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  • Мустафин, Р.А.; Булатова, Г.Н. (2014). "Интегральная оценка инвестиционной привлекательности районов и городских округов республики Татарстан с использованием геоинформационных технологий". Вестник Удмуртского университета (2 ed.). pp. 151–161.
  • Мухаметов, А.Р. (2019). "Некоторые особенности географии сельского расселения и населённых пунктов района Предкамья республики Татарстан". Успехи современного естествознания (10 ed.). pp. 79–83.
  • Пачкалов, А.В. (2012). "Монетные клады XIII–XV вв. на территории Татарстана". Научный Татарстан (1 ed.). pp. 100–117.
  • Тимофеева, Е. Н. (2017). "Мотивы рыбнослободского кружева и их историческая трансформация во второй половине XIX–начале XXI веков". Culture and Civilization. Vol. 7 (1 ed.). pp. 570–580.
  • Зиганшин, И.; Иванов, Д.В.; Томаева, И.Ф. (2015). Экологический гид по зеленым уголкам республики Татарстан. Казань. p. 280. {{cite book}}: |newspaper= ignored (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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