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As relations between Hungary and the Ottoman Empire deteriorated, Suleiman resumed his campaign in Eastern Europe and on [[August 29]], [[1526]], he defeated [[Louis II of Hungary]] (1516–26) at the [[Battle of Mohács]]. In its wake, Hungarian resistance collapsed and the Ottoman Empire became the pre-eminent power in Eastern Europe.<ref>Kinross, 187.</ref> Upon encountering the lifeless body of King Louis, Suleiman is said to have lamented: "I came indeed in arms against him; but it was not my wish that he should be thus cut off while he scarcely tasted the sweets of life and royalty."<ref>Severy, 580.<br />Embree, [http://www.ccds.charlotte.nc.us/History/MidEast/04/embree/embree.htm Suleiman The Magnificent]</ref>
Under [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] and his brother Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, the [[Habsburgs]] reoccupied [[Buda]] and took Hungary. As a result, in 1529, Suleiman once again marched through the valley of the Danube and regained control of Buda and in the following autumn laid [[Siege of Vienna|siege to Vienna]]. It was to be the Ottoman Empire's most ambitious expedition and the apogee of its drive towards the West. With a reinforced garrison of 20,000
By the 1540's a renewal of the conflict in Hungary presented Suleiman with the opportunity to avenge the defeat suffered in Vienna. Some Hungarian nobles proposed that [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria]] (1519–64), who was ruler of neighbouring [[Austria]] and tied to Louis II's family by marriage, be King of Hungary, citing previous agreements that the [[Habsburgs]] would take the Hungarian throne if Louis died without heirs.<ref>Imber, 52</ref> However, other nobles turned to the nobleman [[John Zápolya]], who was supported by Suleiman, and who remained unrecognized by the Christian powers of Europe. In 1541 the Hapsburgs once again engaged in conflict with the Ottoman, attempting to lay siege to Buda. With theirs efforts repulsed, and more Hapsburg fortresses captured as a result,<ref>Imber, 53</ref> Ferdinand and his brother Charles V were forced to conclude an embarrassing five year treaty with Suleiman. Ferdinand renounced his claim to the Kingdom of Hungary and was forced to pay a fixed yearly sum to the Sultan for the Hungarian lands he continued to control. Of more symbolic importance, the treaty referred to Charles V not as 'Emperor', but in rather plainer terms as the 'King of Spain', leading Suleiman to consider himself the true 'Caesar'.<ref>Imber, 54</ref>
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