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[[Adrian Leftwich]] has differentiated views of politics based on how extensive or limited their perception of what accounts as 'political' is.<ref>{{Cite book|title=What is politics? : the activity and its study|date=2004|publisher=Polity|others=Leftwich, Adrian.|isbn=0-7456-3055-3|location=Oxford|pages=14–15|oclc=56383081}}</ref> The extensive view sees politics as present across the sphere of human social relations, while the limited view restricts it to certain contexts. For example, in a more restrictive way, politics may be viewed as primarily about [[governance]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=What is politics? : the activity and its study|date=2004|publisher=Polity|others=Leftwich, Adrian.|isbn=0-7456-3055-3|location=Oxford|pages=23|oclc=56383081}}</ref> while a feminist perspective could argue that sites which have been viewed traditionally as non-political, should indeed be viewed as political as well.<ref>{{Cite book|title=What is politics? : the activity and its study|date=2004|publisher=Polity|others=Leftwich, Adrian.|isbn=0-7456-3055-3|location=Oxford|pages=119|oclc=56383081}}</ref> This latter position is encapsulated in the slogan [[the personal is political]], which disputes the distinction between private and public issues. Instead, politics may be defined by the use of power, as has been argued by [[Robert A. Dahl]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Dahl, Robert A., 1915-2014.|title=Modern political analysis|date=2003|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=0-13-049702-9|location=|pages=1–11|oclc=49611149}}</ref>
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Some perspectives on politics view it empirically as an exercise of power, while other see it as a social function with a normative basis.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Morlino, Leonardo.|title=Political science.|date=2017|publisher=Sage Publications Inc|isbn=978-1-4129-6213-1|location=|pages=2|oclc=951226897}}</ref>
=== Conflict and co-operation ===
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==Political ideas==
[[File:Political Compass yellow LibRight.svg|thumb|Two-axis political compass chart with a horizontal socio-economic axis and a vertical socio-cultural axis and ideologically representative [[political colour]]s, an example for a frequently used model of the political spectrum<ref name=":02">{{Cite book|last=Heywood|first=Andrew|title=Political Ideologies: An Introduction|publisher=Macmillan International Higher Education|year=2017|isbn=9781137606044|edition=6th|location=Basingstoke|pages=14–17|oclc=988218349}}</ref><ref name=":32">{{Cite book|last=Love|first=Nancy Sue|title=Understanding Dogmas and Dreams|publisher=CQ Press|year=2006|isbn=9781483371115|edition=Second|location=Washington, District of Columbia|pages=16|oclc=893684473}}</ref><ref name=":52">{{Cite journal|last=Petrik|first=Andreas|date=2010-12-03|title=Core Concept "Political Compass". How Kitschelt's Model of Liberal, Socialist, Libertarian and Conservative Orientations Can Fill the Ideology Gap in Civic Education|url=http://www.jsse.org/index.php/jsse/article/view/541/538|journal=JSSE – Journal of Social Science Education|language=en|pages=4–2010: Social Science Literacy I: In Search for Basic Competences and Basic Concepts for Testing and Diagnosing|doi=10.4119/jsse-541|access-date=18 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190622050457/http://www.jsse.org/index.php/jsse/article/view/541/538|archive-date=22 June 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=":62">{{Cite journal|last=Sznajd-Weron|first=Katarzyna|last2=Sznajd|first2=Józef|date=June 2005|title=Who is left, who is right?|journal=Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications|language=en|volume=351|issue=2–4|pages=593–604|bibcode=2005PhyA..351..593S|doi=10.1016/j.physa.2004.12.038}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Forman|first=F. N.|title=Mastering British Politics|last2=Baldwin|first2=N. D. J.|date=1999|publisher=Macmillan Education UK|isbn=9780333765487|location=London|pages=8 f|language=en|doi=10.1007/978-1-349-15045-8}}</ref><ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Fenna|first=Alan|title=Government Politics in Australia|last2=Robbins|first2=Jane|last3=Summers|first3=John|publisher=Pearson Higher Education AU|others=Robbins, Jane., Summers, John.|year=2013|isbn=9781486001385|edition=10th|location=Melbourne|pages=126 f|oclc=1021804010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Jones|first=Bill|title=British Politics Today|last2=Kavanagh|first2=Dennis|publisher=Manchester University Press|others=Kavanagh, Dennis.|year=2003|isbn=9780719065095|edition=7th|location=Manchester|pages=259|oclc=52876930}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Körösényi|first=András|title=Government and Politics in Hungary|publisher=Central European University Press|year=1999|isbn=9639116769|location=Budapest, Hungary|pages=54|oclc=51478878}}</ref>]]
[[File:3-axis-model-of-political-ideologies-with-both-moderate-and-radical-versions-and-policies-goals.png|thumb|Three axis model of political ideologies with both moderate and radical versions and the goals of their policies]]{{main article|Ideology}}<br />
=== Equality ===
{{Main|Social equality}}
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