User:Jts1882/sandbox/test/Living reptiles

Turtles

• Turtle#Phylogeny_of_living_turtles

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User:Jts1882/sandbox/test/Turtles

Squamates

• Squamata#Classification

Classification

Historically, the order Squamata has been divided into three suborders:

• Lacertilia, the lizards
• Serpentes, the snakes (see also Ophidia)
• Amphisbaenia, the worm lizards

Of these, the lizards form a paraphyletic group, since "lizards" excludes the subclades of snakes and amphisbaenians. Studies of squamate relationships using molecular biology have found several distinct lineages, though the specific details of their interrelationships vary from one study to the next. One example of a modern classification of the squamates found the following relationships:

Squamata

Dibamia Dibamidae Bifurcata Gekkota Pygopodomorpha Diplodactylidae Underwood 1954 Pygopodidae Boulenger 1884 Carphodactylidae Gekkomorpha Eublepharidae Gekkonoidea Sphaerodactylidae Underwood 1954 Phyllodactylidae Gekkonidae Unidentata Scinciformata Scincomorpha Scincidae Cordylomorpha Xantusiidae Gerrhosauridae Cordylidae Episquamata Laterata Teiformata Gymnophthalmidae Merrem 1820 Teiidae Gray 1827 Lacertibaenia Lacertiformata Lacertidae Amphisbaenia Rhineuridae Vanzolini 1951 Bipedidae Taylor 1951 Blanidae Kearney & Stuart 2004 Cadeidae Vidal & Hedges 2008 Trogonophiidae Gray 1865 Amphisbaenidae Gray 1865 Toxicofera Anguimorpha Palaeoanguimorpha Shinisauria Shinisauridae Ahl 1930 sensu Conrad 2006 Varanoidea Lanthanotidae Varanidae Neoanguimorpha Helodermatoidea Helodermatidae Gray 1837 Xenosauroidea Xenosauridae Anguioidea Diploglossidae Anniellidae Anguidae Gray 1825 Iguania Acrodonta Chamaeleonidae Agamidae Gray 1827 Pleurodonta Leiocephalidae Iguanidae Hoplocercidae Frost & Etheridge 1989 Crotaphytidae Corytophanidae Tropiduridae Phrynosomatidae Dactyloidae Polychrotidae Liolaemidae Leiosauridae Opluridae Serpentes Scolecophidia Leptotyphlopidae Stejneger 1892 Gerrhopilidae Vidal et al. 2010 Xenotyphlopidae Vidal et al. 2010 Typhlopidae Merrem 1820 Anomalepididae Alethinophidia Amerophidia Aniliidae Tropidophiidae Brongersma 1951 Afrophidia Booidea Uropeltidae Anomochilidae Cylindrophiidae Xenopeltidae Bonaparte 1845 Loxocemidae Pythonidae Fitzinger 1826 Boidae Xenophidiidae Bolyeriidae Hoffstetter 1946 Caenophidia Acrochordidae Bonaparte 1831 Xenodermatidae Colubroidea Pareatidae Viperidae Proteroglypha Homalopsidae Colubridae Lamprophiidae Elapidae

Iguanias

• Iguania#Phylogeny

Below is a cladogram from the phylogenetic analysis of Daza et al. (2012) (a morphological analysis), showing the interrelationships of extinct and living iguanians:

Iguanomorpha

†Hoyalacerta sanzi †Huehuecuetzpalli mixtecus †Pristiguana brasiliensis Iguania Chamaeleontiformes †Priscagamidae †Mimeosaurus crassus †Priscagama gobiensis †Phrynosomimus asper Acrodonta Physignathus Agama Uromastyx Leiolepis Rhampholeon Brookesia Iguanoidea (=Pleurodonta) †Gobiguania †Polrussia mongoliensis †Igua minuta †Isodontosaurus gracilis †Anchaurosaurus gilmorei †Zapsosaurus sceliphros †Saichangurvel davidsoni †Temujinia ellisoni †Ctenomastax parva Silvaiguana Hoplocercidae Enyaloides Morunasaurus Hoplocercus Polychrotidae Polychrus gutturosus Polychrus marmoratus Polychrus femoralis †Afairiguana avius Leiosaurus Anisolepis Enyalius Pristidactylus †Anolis electrum Anolis occultus Anolis heterodermus Anolis vermiculatus Euiguana Corytophanidae Laemanctus Basiliscus Corytophanes Terraiguana Iguanidae Crotaphytidae Crotaphytus Gambelia Phrynosomatidae Phrynosoma Uta Petrosaurus sand lizards Sceloporus Urosaurus Opluridae Chalarodon madagascariensis Oplurus quadrimaculatus B Oplurus quadrimaculatus A Oplurus cyclurus †Uquiasaurus Liolaemidae Phymaturus Ctenoblepharis Liolaemus Leiocephalus Tropiduridae Stenocercus Tropidurus Uranoscodon

Snakes

Modern snakes	Scolecophidia Leptotyphlopidae   Anomalepididae Typhlopidae Alethinophidia Anilius Core Alethinophidia Uropeltidae Cylindrophis   Anomochilus Uropeltinae Macrostomata Pythonidae Pythoninae Xenopeltis Loxocemus Caenophidia Colubridae Acrochordidae Atractaspididae Elapidae Hydrophiidae Viperidae Boidae Erycinae Boinae Calabaria Ungaliophiinae Tropidophiidae

Note: the tree only indicates relationships, not evolutionary branching times.