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User:Ottawa10/Google Classroom

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Google Classroom is a free blended learning platform developed by Google for educational institutions that aims to simplify creating, distributing, and grading assignments. The primary purpose of Google Classroom is to streamline the process of sharing files between teachers and students.[1] As of 2021, approximately 150 million users use Google Classroom.[2]

Google Classroom integrates a variety of other Google Applications for Education, such as Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, Gmail, and Google Calendar into a cohesive platform to manage student and teacher communication. Students can be invited to join a class through a private "class code", or be imported automatically from a school domain. Teachers can create, distribute and mark assignments all within the Google domain. Each class creates a separate folder in the respective user's Google Drive, where the student can submit work to be graded by a teacher. Assignments and due dates are added to Google Calendar, where each assignment can belong to a category or topic. Teachers can monitor each student's progress by reviewing revision history of a document, and after being graded, teachers can return work along with comments and grades.

History

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Google Classroom has undergone a series of updates and changes since its original release in May, 2014.
Date Update
May 6, 2014 Google Classroom was announced with a preview available for some members of Google's G Suite for Education program.[3][4]
August 12, 2014 Google Classroom was released publicly. [5][6]
2015 Google announced a Classroom API and a share button for websites, allowing school administrators and developers to further engage with Google Classroom.[7]

Google integrated Google Calendar into Classroom for assignment due dates, field trips, and class speakers.[8]

2017 Google opened Classroom to allow any personal Google users to join classes without the requirement of having a G Suite for Education account,[9] and in April of the same year, it became possible for any personal Google user to create and teach a class.[10][11]
2018 Google introduced a major redesign to Classroom. This included adding a new classwork section, improving the grading interface, allowing reuse of classwork from other classes, and adding features for teachers to organize content by topic.[12]
2019 Google introduced 78 new illustrated themes and the option to drag and drop topics and assignments in the classwork section.[13]
2020 Google added integration with Google Meet so that teachers can have a unique meet link within each class.[14] In addition, several features were added to classroom, with Google stating "as educators worldwide have reinvented their practice online, we’re also adapting our tools to meet the evolving needs of their new educational landscape."[15] These updates included:
  • A new to-do widget
  • 10 additional languages
  • Better integration with learning management systems to create and distribute assignments
  • Added smart correct and auto-compose to Google Docs

Google Classroom also saw a sharp increase in usage as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in which many schools shifted to remote education options. Specific research programs also used Google Classroom to engage in authentic learning from around the world. [16]

Features

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Google Classroom integrates several Google Applications for Education (GAPPS) such as Google Drive, Google Docs, Google Sheets, Google Slides, Google Forms, Google Sites, Gmail to help educational institutions transition to a virtual, paperless system.[17] Google Calendar was later added to help with assignment due dates, field trips, and class speakers.[18] Students can be invited to classrooms through the institution's database, through a private code that can then be added in the student's user interface or automatically imported from a school domain.[19] Each class created with Google Classroom creates a separate folder in the respective user's Google Drive, where the student can submit work to be graded by a teacher.[20] The following video [21]created by Google for Education, provides a brief overview of some of the tools available on Google Classroom.

Assignments

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Assignments are stored and graded on Google's suite of productivity applications that allow collaboration between the teacher and the student or between students. Instead of sharing documents that reside on the student's Google Drive with the teacher, files are hosted on the student's Drive and then submitted for grading. Teachers on Google Classroom have the option of creating Assignments in various templates and formats with different accessibility options: "student can view file," "student can edit file," or "make a copy for each student". These assignments can be submitted for a grade and teacher feedback.[22] Students can also choose to attach additional documents from their Drive to the assignment. Set assignments appear on the 'To do' list. The following video [23] created by Google for Education, provides an overview of how to create assignments for students on Google Classroom.

Grading

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Google Classroom supports many different grading schemes. Teachers have the option to attach files to the assignment which students can view, edit, or get an individual copy. Students can create files and then attach them to the assignment if a copy of a file wasn't created by the teacher. Teachers have the option to monitor the progress of each student on the assignment where they can make comments and edit. Turned in assignments can be graded by the teacher and returned with comments to allow the student to revise the assignment and turn back in. Once turned in, assignments can only be edited by the teacher unless the teacher turns the assignment back.[24] The following video [25] created by Google for Education, provides an overview of how to use the grading feature on Google Classroom.

Communication

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Announcements can be posted by teachers to the class stream which can be commented on by students allowing for two-way communication between the teacher and students.[20] Students can also post to the class stream but won't be as high a priority as an announcement by a teacher and can be moderated. Multiple types of media from Google products such as YouTube videos and Google Drive files can be attached to announcements and posts to share content. Gmail also provides email options for teachers to send emails to one or more students in the Google Classroom interface. Classroom can be accessed on the web or via the Android and iOS Classroom mobile apps.

Originality Report

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Originality report was introduced in January 2020. It allows educators and students to see the parts and sections of the submitted work which contains the exact or similar wording to that of another source. For students, it highlights source materials and flags missing citation to assist the student in improving their writing. Teachers can also view the originality report, allowing them to verify the academic integrity of the student's submitted work. On G Suite for Education (free), teachers can turn on originality report for 3 assignments but have limited cloud storage.[26] This restriction is lifted on G Suite Enterprise for Education (paid).[27] The following video [28] created by Google for Education, provides an overview of how to create originality reports in Google Classroom.

Archive Courses

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Classroom allows instructors to archive courses at the end of a term or year. When a course is archived, it is removed from the homepage and placed in the Archived Classes area to help teachers keep their current classes organized. When a course is archived, teachers and students can view it, but won't be able to make any changes to it until it is restored.[29]

Mobile Applications

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Google Classroom mobile apps, introduced in January 2015, are available for iOS and Android devices. The applications let users take photos and attach them to their assignments, share files from other apps, and support offline access, easing accessibility for users.

Reception

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eLearningIndustry tested and made a review of Google Classroom, in which they highlighted many positive and negative aspects. Among Classroom's strengths, the review highlighted ease of use, universal device accessibility, use of Google Drive as an effective way for teachers to quickly share assignments with students, the paperless process meaning the end of printing, handing out, and potentially losing work, and the fast feedback system between students and teachers. Among Classroom's disadvantages, the review highlighted the service's heavy integration of Google apps and services with limited or no support for external files or services, lack of automated quizzes and tests, and a lack of live chats that can aid in feedback efforts.[30] Google Classroom won a 2020 Webby Special Achievement Award.[31]

Due to the prominence of Google, students find Google Classroom easy to navigate since many are familiar with Google layout. Furthermore, the mobile app for Google Classroom functions well which has been praised by students. If notifications are enabled, the mobile app for Google Classroom can provide push notifications to remind students of upcoming deadlines, a feature that has been received well by students.[32]

Additional research has shown the benefits of using Google Classroom in a blended learning model such as developing self-efficacy skills and attaining learning outcomes. [33]

Criticism

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As a company Google has been criticized on several different issues, including privacy. Specific criticism of Google Classroom generally focuses on concern for privacy for students and Google's use of student data.[34][35] Criticism of Google Classroom is often combined with criticism of Chromebooks and Google Workspace.[36][37]

Other criticisms directed at Google Classroom are lack of a full-fledged grade book,[38][39] lack of automatic quizzes and tests (common features in learning management systems),[40] and editing of assignments once they are released.[41] Students have also expressed a desire for personalization due to the Google Classroom layout being very simplistic and unappealing[citation needed]. Also, the chronological setup has been criticized as students respond with frustrations of having to scroll through to find past announcements.[32]

Countries abroad used Google Classroom during the Covid-19 pandemic and pivoted to online learning systems to facilitate learning opportunities. While this provided equitable access to students and exposed learners to current and relevant online platforms, it also posed challenges such as unreliable internet connections, high costs of technology, and a lack and unavailability of training to use the platform. [42]

Similarly to other online education platforms, adopting a fully remote or online education system brings forward socio-economical challenges such as access to technology in remote and lower socio-economic society areas. [43] In studies discussing use of Google Classroom for English as a foreign language studies, students had positive perceptions towards using Google Classroom tools to learn about grammatical concepts and collaborate with others using student-to-student interactions and collaborative feedback. [44]

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References

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  1. ^ "Google Groups". productforums.google.com. Retrieved February 8, 2018.
  2. ^ "A peek at what's next for Google Classroom". Google. Retrieved May 26, 2021.
  3. ^ Magid, Larry (May 6, 2014). "Google Classroom Offers Assignment Center for Students and Teachers". Forbes. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  4. ^ Etherington, Darrell (May 6, 2014). "Google Debuts Classroom, An Education Platform For Teacher-Student Communication". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  5. ^ Kahn, Jordan (August 12, 2014). "Google Classroom now available to all Apps for Education users, adds collaboration features". 9to5Google. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  6. ^ Lapowsky, Issie (August 13, 2014). "Google Wants to Save Our Schools—And Hook a New Generation of Users". Wired. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  7. ^ Perez, Sarah (June 29, 2015). "Google Expands Its Educational Platform "Classroom" With A New API, Share Button For Websites". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  8. ^ Hockenson, Lauren (August 24, 2015). "Google Classroom updates with Calendar integration, new teacher tools". The Next Web. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  9. ^ Ressler, Gene (March 15, 2017). "Google Classroom: Now open to even more learners". The Keyword Google Blog. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  10. ^ Etherington, Darrell (April 27, 2017). "Google Classroom now lets anyone school anyone else". TechCrunch. AOL. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  11. ^ Regan, Tom (April 27, 2017). "Google's Classroom is open to anyone with an urge to teach". Engadget. AOL. Archived from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  12. ^ "Time for a refresh: Meet the new Google Classroom". Google. August 7, 2018. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved August 15, 2018.
  13. ^ "Stay organized in 2019 with new features in Classroom". Google. January 8, 2019. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2019.
  14. ^ "New Meet features to improve distance learning". Google. April 9, 2020. Archived from the original on May 23, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  15. ^ "The Anywhere School: 50+ Google for Education updates". Google. August 11, 2020. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved September 29, 2020.
  16. ^ Balakrishnan, R., Singh, K., Harigopal, M., & Fineberg, S. (2020). A Novel “Google Classroom”-Based Pathology Education Tool for Trainees During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impactful Learning While Social Distancing. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine (1976), 144(12), 1445b–1447. https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2020-0476-LE
  17. ^ Kerr, Dara (May 6, 2014). "Google unveils Classroom, a tool designed to help teachers". CNET. CBS Interactive. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  18. ^ Hockenson, Lauren (August 24, 2015). "Google Classroom updates with Calendar integration, new teacher tools". The Next Web. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  19. ^ "Invite students to a class". Classroom Help. Google Inc. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  20. ^ a b Steele, Billy (May 6, 2014). "Google Classroom helps teachers easily organize assignments, offer feedback". Engadget. AOL. Archived from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  21. ^ Google for Education. (2020, April 28). Google Classroom 101 [Video]. Website. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UEFgW--0094
  22. ^ "Submit an Assignment". Google Classroom help. Google Inc. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved March 27, 2015.
  23. ^ Google for Education. (2019, January 8). How to create different assignments in Google Classroom [Video]. Website. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSs0P_TpVcA
  24. ^ "Set up grading – Classroom Help". support.google.com. Archived from the original on October 23, 2020. Retrieved November 4, 2020.
  25. ^ Google for Education. (2019, January 8). How to use the grading tool in Google Classroom [Video]. Website. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YX4HxzB1xIQ
  26. ^ Kumar, Jeya Amantha; Bervell, Brandford; Osman, Sharifah (March 31, 2020). "Google classroom: insights from Malaysian higher education students' and instructors' experiences". Education and Information Technologies. 25 (5): 4175–4195. doi:10.1007/s10639-020-10163-x. ISSN 1573-7608. S2CID 214715477.
  27. ^ "What's new in Classroom – Classroom Help". support.google.com. Archived from the original on December 27, 2019. Retrieved April 1, 2020.
  28. ^ Google for Education. (2019, October 16). How to use originality reports in Google Classroom and Assignments [Video]. Website. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iw0T0uotAE8
  29. ^ "Archive a class – Classroom Help". Archive a class. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2015.
  30. ^ Pappas, Christopher (August 20, 2015). "Google Classroom Review: Pros And Cons Of Using Google Classroom In eLearning". eLearning Industry. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
  31. ^ Kastrenakes, Jacob (May 20, 2020). "Here are all the winners of the 2020 Webby Awards". The Verge. Archived from the original on May 21, 2020. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
  32. ^ a b Kumar, Jeya Amantha; Bervell, Brandford; Osman, Sharifah (March 31, 2020). "Google classroom: insights from Malaysian higher education students' and instructors' experiences". Education and Information Technologies. 25 (5): 4175–4195. doi:10.1007/s10639-020-10163-x. ISSN 1573-7608. S2CID 214715477.
  33. ^ Suryani, Y., Ningrum, A. R., Hidayah, N., & Dewi, N. R. (2021). The effectiveness of blended learning-based scaffolding strategy assisted by google classroom toward the learning outcomes and students’ self-efficacy. Journal of Physics. Conference Series, 1796(1), 12031–. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012031
  34. ^ Climer, Siobhan (April 23, 2020). "Privacy With Google Classroom: Use Rises, Critics Claim Risks". Mindsight. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  35. ^ Franken, Al (January 13, 2015). "Letter to Sundar Pichai from Al Franken" (PDF). franken.senate.gov. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 8, 2017.
  36. ^ Singer, Natasha (May 13, 2017). "How Google Took Over the Classroom (Published 2017)". The New York Times. Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  37. ^ Warzel, Charlie; Ngu, Ash (July 10, 2019). "Opinion | Google's 4,000-Word Privacy Policy Is a Secret History of the Internet (Published 2019)". The New York Times.
  38. ^ "Pros and cons of Google Classroom". uft.org. Archived from the original on October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  39. ^ "6 Things You Can't Do with Google Classroom...Yet". Global Summits featuring Google for Education. July 23, 2014. Archived from the original on October 1, 2020. Retrieved October 16, 2020.
  40. ^ "Google Classroom Review: Pros And Cons Of Using Google Classroom In eLearning". eLearning Industry. August 20, 2015. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved January 31, 2021.
  41. ^ "Pros and Cons of Google Classroom 2020". TrustRadius. Archived from the original on March 30, 2020. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
  42. ^ Hallal, K., HajjHussein, H., & Tlais, S. (2020). A Quick Shift from Classroom to Google Classroom: SWOT Analysis. Journal of Chemical Education, 97(9), 2806–2809. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.0c00624
  43. ^ Benjamin Gleason, & Marie K. Heath. (2021). Injustice embedded in Google Classroom and Google Meet: A techno-ethical audit of remote educational technologies. Italian Journal of Educational Technology. https://doi.org/10.17471/2499-4324/12
  44. ^ Khalil, Z. M. (2018). EFL Students’ Perceptions towards Using Google Docs and Google Classroom as Online Collaborative Tools in Learning Grammar. Applied Linguistics Research Journal (Online), 2(2), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.14744/alrj.2018.47955
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