Ring-tailed kawanu resting with hands on wooden branch
Ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta)

Lemuroidea is a superfamily of primates. Members of this superfamily are called lemuroids, or lemurs. Lemuroidea is one of two superfamilies that form the suborder Strepsirrhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. They are found exclusively on the island of Madagascar, primarily in forests but with some species also in savannas, shrublands, or wetlands. They range in size from the Margot Marsh's mouse lemur, at 8 cm (3 in) plus a 11 cm (4 in) tail, to the indri, at 90 cm (35 in) plus a 6 cm (2 in) tail. Lemuroids primarily eat fruit, leaves, and insects. Most lemuroids do not have population estimates, but the ones that do range from 40 mature individuals to 5,000. Most lemuroid species are at risk of extinction, with 45 species categorized as endangered, and a further 32 species categorized as critically endangered.

Madagascar, with the coastal and some inland areas shaded
Range of all lemur species

The 107 extant species of Lemuroidea are divided into five families. Cheirogaleidae contains 41 dwarf, mouse, and fork-marked lemur species in five genera. Daubentoniidae contains a single species, the aye-aye. Indriidae contains nineteen woolly lemur and sifaka species in three genera. Lemuridae contains 21 ruffed, ring-tailed, bamboo, and other lemur species in five genera. Lepilemuridae contains 25 sportive lemur species in a single genus. Dozens of extinct prehistoric lemuroid species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]

Conventions

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IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
 EX Extinct (0 species)
 EW Extinct in the wild (0 species)
 CR Critically Endangered (32 species)
 EN Endangered (45 species)
 VU Vulnerable (24 species)
 NT Near threatened (1 species)
 LC Least concern (2 species)
Other categories
 DD Data deficient (3 species)
 NE Not evaluated (0 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the lemuroid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted.

Classification

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The superfamily Lemuroidea consists of five extant families: Cheirogaleidae, Daubentoniidae, Indriidae, Lemuridae, and Lepilemuridae. Cheirogaleidae contains 41 species in five genera. Daubentoniidae contains a single species. Indriidae contains nineteen species in three genera. Lemuridae contains 21 species in five genera. Lepilemuridae contains 25 lemur species in a single genus.

Family Cheirogaleidae

  • Genus Allocebus (hairy-eared dwarf lemur): one species
  • Genus Cheirogaleus (dwarf lemurs): ten species
  • Genus Microcebus (mouse lemurs): twenty-four species
  • Genus Mirza (giant mouse lemurs): two species
  • Genus Phaner (fork-marked lemurs): four species

Family Daubentoniidae

Family Indriidae

  • Genus Avahi (woolly lemurs): nine species
  • Genus Indri (indri): one species
  • Genus Propithecus (sifakas): nine species

Family Lemuridae

  • Genus Eulemur (true lemurs): twelve species
  • Genus Hapalemur (bamboo lemurs): five species
  • Genus Lemur (ring-tailed lemur): one species
  • Genus Prolemur (greater bamboo lemur): one species
  • Genus Varecia (ruffed lemurs): two species

Family Lepilemuridae

  • Genus Lepilemur (sportive lemurs): twenty-five species
Lemuroidea  
Lemuroidea  

Daubentoniidae

Lepilemuridae

Cheirogaleidae

Lemuridae

Indriidae

There are two competing lemur phylogenies, one by Horvath et al. (top)[2] and one by Orlando et al. (bottom).[3]

Lemuroids

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The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by the reference work Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis, as supported by both the IUCN and the American Society of Mammalogists.[4]

Family Cheirogaleidae

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Genus Allocebus Petter-Rousseaux & Petter, 1967 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Hairy-eared dwarf lemur

 

A. trichotis
(Günther, 1875)
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 12–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus about 17 cm (7 in) tail[5]

Habitat: Forest[6]

Diet: Nectar, fruit, gum, leaves, honey, and insects[6]
 EN 


Unknown  [6]

Genus Cheirogaleus Geoffroy, 1812 – ten species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ankarana dwarf lemur


C. shethi
Frasier et al., 2016
Northern Madagascar Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus about 18 cm (7 in) tail[7]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[8]

Diet: Fruit[8]
 EN 


Unknown  [8]

Fat-tailed dwarf lemur

 

C. medius
Geoffroy, 1812
Southern, western, and northern Madagascar
 
Size: 20–23 cm (8–9 in) long, plus 20–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[9]

Habitat: Forest[10]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, seeds, nectar, insects, and small vertebrates[9]
 VU 


Unknown  [10]

Furry-eared dwarf lemur

 

C. crossleyi
Grandidier, 1870
Scattered eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 22–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 21–27 cm (8–11 in) tail[11]

Habitat: Forest[12]

Diet: Nectar, fruit, leaves, and insects[11]
 VU 


Unknown  [12]

Greater dwarf lemur

 

C. major
Geoffroy, 1812
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 16–27 cm (6–11 in) long, plus 19–31 cm (7–12 in) tail[13]

Habitat: Forest[14]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and nectar, as well as insects small vertebrates, and honey[13]
 VU 


Unknown  [14]

Groves' dwarf lemur

 

C. grovesi
McLain et al., 2017
Southeastern Madagascar Size: 16–24 cm (6–9 in) long, plus 27–31 cm (11–12 in) tail[15]

Habitat: Forest[16]

Diet:
 DD 


Unknown  [16]

Lavasoa dwarf lemur


C. lavasoensis
Thiele, Razafimahatratra, & Hapke, 2013
Southern Madagascar Size: 50–55 cm (20–22 in) long, including tail[17]

Habitat: Forest[18]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [18]

Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur


C. minusculus
Groves, 2000
Central Madagascar
 
Size: Unknown[19]

Habitat: Forest[20]

Diet: Unknown[19]
 DD 


Unknown  [20]

Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur


C. andysabini
Lei et al., 2015
Northern Madagascar Size: 16–18 cm (6–7 in) long, plus 26–27 cm (10–11 in) tail[21]

Habitat: Forest[22]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [22]

Sibree's dwarf lemur


C. sibreei
Forsyth Major, 1896
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: Unknown[23]

Habitat: Forest[24]

Diet: Unknown[23]
 CR 


Unknown  [24]

Thomas' dwarf lemur

 

C. thomasi
(Forsyth Major, 1894)
Southeastern Madagascar Size: Unknown

Habitat: Forest[25]

Diet: Fruit and flowers[25]
 EN 


Unknown  [25]

Genus Microcebus Geoffroy, 1834 – 24 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Anosy mouse lemur


M. tanosi
Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony, & Kappeler, 2013
Southeastern Madagascar Size: 10–16 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 11–15 cm (4–6 in) tail[26]

Habitat: Forest[27]

Diet: Fruit and insects[27]
 EN 


Unknown  [27]

Arnhold's mouse lemur


M. arnholdi
Louis et al., 2008
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 10–14 cm (4–6 in) tail[28]

Habitat: Forest[29]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 VU 


Unknown  [29]

Bemanasy mouse lemur


M. manitatra
Hotaling et al., 2016
Southeastern Madagascar Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail

Habitat: Forest[31]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 CR 


Unknown  [31]

Bongolava mouse lemur


M. bongolavensis
Olivieri et al., 2007
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[32]

Habitat: Forest[33]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 EN 


Unknown  [33]

Brown mouse lemur

 

M. rufus
Geoffroy, 1834
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 13 cm (5 in) long, plus 12 cm (5 in) tail[34]

Habitat: Forest[35]

Diet: Fruit, as well as insects, leaves, flowers, gum, nectar, and pollen[34]
 VU 


Unknown  [35]

Claire's mouse lemur

 

M. mamiratra
Andriantompohavana et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[36]

Habitat: Forest[37]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 EN 


Unknown  [37]

Danfoss's mouse lemur


M. danfossi
Olivieri et al., 2007
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 10–12 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 15–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[38]

Habitat: Forest[39]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 VU 


Unknown  [39]

Ganzhorn's mouse lemur


M. ganzhorni
Hotaling et al., 2016
Southeastern Madagascar Size:

Habitat: Forest[40]

Diet: Fruit and insects[40]
 EN 


Unknown  [40]

Gerp's mouse lemur

 

M. gerpi
Radespiel et al., 2012
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus about 15 cm (6 in) tail[41]

Habitat: Forest[42]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 CR 


Unknown  [42]

Golden-brown mouse lemur

 

M. ravelobensis
Zimmermann, Cepok, Rakotoarison, Zietemann, & Radespiel, 1998
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 14–18 cm (6–7 in) tail[43]

Habitat: Forest[44]

Diet: Gum, insect excretions, nectar, fruit, leaves, and animal matter[44]
 VU 


Unknown  [44]

Goodman's mouse lemur

 

M. lehilahytsara
Roos & Kappeler, 2005
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 11–12 cm (4–5 in) tail[45]

Habitat: Forest[46]

Diet: Fruit and insects[46]
 NT 


Unknown  [46]

Gray mouse lemur

 

M. murinus
(J. F. Miller, 1777)
Western and southern Madagascar
 
Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[47]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[48]

Diet: Insects, as well as small reptiles, plants, leaves, fruit, and flowers[47]
 LC 


Unknown  [48]

Jolly's mouse lemur


M. jollyae
Louis et al., 2006
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–13 cm (5 in) tail[49]

Habitat: Forest[50]

Diet: Fruit[50]
 EN 


Unknown  [50]

MacArthur's mouse lemur


M. macarthurii
Radespiel et al., 2008
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest[52]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 EN 


Unknown  [52]

Madame Berthe's mouse lemur

 

M. berthae
Rasoloarison, Goodman, & Ganzhorn, 2000
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 9–11 cm (4 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[53]

Habitat: Forest[54]

Diet: Honeydew, as well as gum, flowers, fruit, arthropods, and small vertebrates[53]
 CR 


Unknown  [54]

Margot Marsh's mouse lemur


M. margotmarshae
Andriantompohavana et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 8–13 cm (3–5 in) long, plus 11–16 cm (4–6 in) tail[28]

Habitat: Forest[55]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 EN 


Unknown  [55]

Marohita mouse lemur


M. marohita
Rasoloarison, Weisrock, Yoder, Rakotondravony, & Kappeler, 2013
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 13–15 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[26]

Habitat: Forest[56]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 CR 


Unknown  [56]

Jonah's mouse lemur


M. jonahi
Schüssler et al., 2020
Northeastern Madagascar Size: 12–14 cm (5–6 in) long, plus 12–14 cm (5–6 in) tail[51]

Habitat: Forest[57]

Diet: Fruit and insects[57]
 EN 


Unknown  [57]

Northern rufous mouse lemur


M. tavaratra
(Rasoloarison, Goodman, & Ganzhorn, 2000)
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 14–17 cm (6–7 in) tail[58]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[59]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 VU 


Unknown  [59]

Nosy Boraha mouse lemur


M. boraha
Hotaling et al., 2016
Northeastern Madagascar Size:

Habitat: Unknown[60]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 DD 


Unknown  [60]

Pygmy mouse lemur

 

M. myoxinus
Peters, 1852
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 12–13 cm (5 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[61]

Habitat: Forest[62]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, gums, and insects[61]
 VU 


Unknown  [62]

Reddish-gray mouse lemur

 

M. griseorufus
Kollman, 1910
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long, plus 13–16 cm (5–6 in) tail[45]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[63]

Diet: Fruit and gum, as well as flowers and arthropods[63]
 LC 


Unknown  [63]

Sambirano mouse lemur


M. sambiranensis
Rasoloarison et al., 2000
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 11–13 cm (4–5 in) long, plus 13–15 cm (5–6 in) tail[64]

Habitat: Forest[65]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 EN 


Unknown  [65]

Simmons' mouse lemur


M. simmonsi
Louis et al., 2006
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 9–10 cm (4 in) long, plus 14–15 cm (6 in) tail[66]

Habitat: Forest[67]

Diet: Insect secretions, arthropods, small vertebrates, fruit, and flowers[30]
 EN 


Unknown  [67]

Genus Mirza Gray, 1870 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Coquerel's giant mouse lemur

 

M. coquereli
Grandidier, 1867
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 23–27 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 31–32 cm (12–13 in) tail[68]

Habitat: Forest[69]

Diet: Fruit, flowers, and invertebrates, as well as small vertebrates[68]
 EN 


Unknown  [69]

Northern giant mouse lemur

 

M. zaza
Kappeler & Roos, 2005
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 23–25 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 26–29 cm (10–11 in) tail[70]

Habitat: Forest[71]

Diet: Fruit, insect secretions, and sap[71]
 VU 


Unknown  [71]

Genus Phaner Gray, 1870 – four species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur


P. electromontis
Groves & Tattersall, 1991
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[72]

Habitat: Forest[73]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [73]

Masoala fork-marked lemur

 

P. furcifer
Blainville, 1839
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[74]

Habitat: Forest[75]

Diet: Gum, as well as insects[74]
 EN 


Unknown  [75]

Pale fork-marked lemur

 

P. pallescens
Groves & Tattersall, 1991
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 23–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 29–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[76]

Habitat: Forest[77]

Diet: Sap and gum, as well as insects, insect secretions, fruit, flowers, and nectar[77]
 EN 


Unknown  [77]

Pariente's fork-marked lemur


P. parienti
Groves & Tattersall, 1991
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 22–29 cm (9–11 in) long, plus 28–37 cm (11–15 in) tail[72]

Habitat: Forest[78]

Diet: Gum[78]
 EN 


Unknown  [78]

Family Daubentoniidae

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Genus Daubentonia Geoffroy, 1795 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Aye-aye

 

D. madagascariensis
Gmelin, 1788
Western and eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 36–44 cm (14–17 in) long, plus tail[79]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[80]

Diet: Fruit, nuts, and sap[79]
 EN 


Unknown  [80]

Family Indriidae

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Genus Avahi Jourdan, 1834 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Bemaraha woolly lemur


A. cleesei
Thalmann & Geissmann, 2005
Western Madagascar
 
Size: 26–37 cm (10–15 in) long, plus 29–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[81]

Habitat: Forest[82]

Diet: Buds and leaves[83]
 CR 


Unknown  [82]

Betsileo woolly lemur


A. betsileo
Andriantompohavana et al., 2007
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 25–34 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[81]

Habitat: Forest[84]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [84]

Eastern woolly lemur

 

A. laniger
Gmelin, 1788
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 30–45 cm (12–18 in) long plus tail[85]

Habitat: Forest[86]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[85]
 VU 


Unknown  [86]

Moore's woolly lemur


A. mooreorum
Lei et al., 2008
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 29–38 cm (11–15 in) tail[87]

Habitat: Forest[88]

Diet: Leaves[88]
 EN 


Unknown  [88]

Peyrieras's woolly lemur


A. peyrierasi
Zaramody et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 26–32 cm (10–13 in) long, plus 28–35 cm (11–14 in) tail[89]

Habitat: Forest[90]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[90]
 VU 


Unknown  [90]

Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur


A. ramanantsoavani
Zaramody et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 27–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 26–39 cm (10–15 in) tail[81]

Habitat: Forest[91]

Diet:
 VU 


Unknown  [91]

Sambirano woolly lemur


A. unicolor
Thalmann & Geissmann, 2000
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 31–36 cm (12–14 in) tail[92]

Habitat: Forest[93]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown  [93]

Southern woolly lemur


A. meridionalis
Zaramody et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 29–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 29–38 cm (11–15 in) tail[81]

Habitat: Forest[94]

Diet: Leaves[94]
 EN 


Unknown  [94]

Western woolly lemur

 

A. occidentalis
Liburnau, 1898
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 31–37 cm (12–15 in) tail[95]

Habitat: Forest[96]

Diet: Leaves[95]
 VU 


Unknown  [96]

Genus Indri Geoffroy & Cuvier, 1796 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Indri

 

I. indri
(Gmelin, 1788)

Two subspecies
  • I. i. indri
  • I. i. variegatus
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long, plus 5–6 cm (2 in) tail[97]

Habitat: Forest[98]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, and flowers[97]
 CR 


Unknown  [98]

Genus Propithecus Bennett, 1832 – nine species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Coquerel's sifaka

 

P. coquereli
Grandidier, 1867
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 42–50 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 50–60 cm (20–24 in) tail[99]

Habitat: Forest[100]

Diet: Leaves, seeds, flowers, fruit, and bark[101]
 CR 


Unknown  [100]

Crowned sifaka

 

P. coronatus
H. Milne-Edwards, 1871
Western Madagascar
 
Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 56 cm (22 in) tail[102]

Habitat: Forest[103]

Diet: Flowers and leaves, as well as fruit[103]
 CR 


Unknown  [103]

Diademed sifaka

 

P. diadema
Bennett, 1832
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 45–55 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 43–56 cm (17–22 in)[104]

Habitat: Forest[105]

Diet: Leaves, flowers, fruit, and shoots[104]
 CR 


Unknown  [105]

Golden-crowned sifaka

 

P. tattersalli
Simons, 1988
Northern lemur
 
Size: About 48 cm (19 in) long, plus about 39 cm (15 in) tail[106]

Habitat: Forest, savanna, and shrubland[107]

Diet: Seeds, fruit, leaves, and flowers, as well as bark[106]
 CR 


4,000–5,000  [107]

Milne-Edwards's sifaka

 

P. edwardsi
Grandidier, 1871
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 42–52 cm (17–20 in) long, plus 41–48 cm (16–19 in) tail[108]

Habitat: Forest[109]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, seeds, and flowers[108]
 EN 


Unknown  [109]

Perrier's sifaka

 

P. perrieri
Lavauden, 1931
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: About 49 cm (19 in) long, plus tail[110]

Habitat: Forest[111]

Diet: Leaves, flowers, and fruit[110]
 CR 


125  [111]

Silky sifaka

 

P. candidus
Grandidier, 1871
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 48–54 cm (19–21 in) long, plus 45–51 cm (18–20 in) tail[112]

Habitat: Forest[113]

Diet: Leaves, seeds, fruit, and flowers, as well as bark and soil[112]
 CR 


250  [113]

Verreaux's sifaka

 

P. verreauxi
Grandidier, 1867
Southwestern Madagascar
 
Size: 45–55 cm (18–22 in) long, plus 43–56 cm (17–22 in) tail[114]

Habitat: Forest and shrubland[115]

Diet: Leaves, bark, and flowers, as well as fruit[114]
 CR 


Unknown  [115]

Von der Decken's sifaka

 

P. deckenii
Grandidier, 1867
Western Madagascar
 
Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 45 cm (18 in) tail[116]

Habitat: Forest[117]

Diet: Leaves[117]
 CR 


Unknown  [117]

Family Lemuridae

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Genus Eulemur Simons & Rumpler, 1988 – twelve species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black lemur

 

E. macaco
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 30–50 cm (12–20 in) long, plus 40–60 cm (16–24 in) tail[118]

Habitat: Forest[119]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, nectar, leaves, bark, soil, and ants[118]
 EN 


Unknown  [119]

Blue-eyed black lemur

 

E. flavifrons
Gray, 1867
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 39–45 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 51–65 cm (20–26 in) tail[120]

Habitat: Forest[121]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[121]
 CR 


Unknown  [121]

Collared brown lemur

 

E. collaris
Geoffroy, 1817
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 39–40 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[122]

Habitat: Forest[123]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, young leaves, and insects[123]
 EN 


Unknown  [123]

Common brown lemur

 

E. fulvus
Geoffroy, 1796
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 41–51 cm (16–20 in) long, plus 41–51 cm (16–20 in) tail[124]

Habitat: Forest[125]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers, fruit, and bark[126]
 VU 


Unknown  [125]

Crowned lemur

 

E. coronatus
(Gray, 1842)
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: About 34 cm (13 in) long, plus about 45 cm (18 in) tail[127]

Habitat: Forest[128]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves[127]
 EN 


Unknown  [128]

Gray-headed lemur

 

E. cinereiceps
Grandidier & A. Milne-Edwards, 1890
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 39–41 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[129]

Habitat: Forest[130]

Diet: Fruit, as well as flowers, leaves, nectar, fungi, and insects[129]
 CR 


Unknown  [130]

Mongoose lemur

 

E. mongoz
(Linnaeus, 1766)
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: About 35 cm (14 in) long, plus about 48 cm (19 in) tail[131]

Habitat: Forest[132]

Diet: Flowers, pollen, fruit, and leaves[131]
 CR 


Unknown  [132]

Red lemur

 

E. rufus
(Audebert, 1799)
Northwestern lemur
 
Size: About 38 cm (15 in) long, plus 49–51 cm (19–20 in)[133]

Habitat: Forest[134]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, insects, and arthropods[133]
 VU 


Unknown  [134]

Red-bellied lemur

 

E. rubriventer
Geoffroy, 1850
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 36–42 cm (14–17 in) long, plus 46–54 cm (18–21 in) tail[135]

Habitat: Forest[136]

Diet: Flowers, fruits and leaves, as well as invertebrates[135]
 VU 


Unknown  [136]

Red-fronted lemur

 

E. rufifrons
Bennett, 1833
Southwestern and southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 30 cm (12 in) long, plus about 50 cm (20 in) tail[137]

Habitat: Forest[138]

Diet: Fruit, leaves, buds, and flowers, as well as invertebrates[137]
 VU 


Unknown  [138]

Sanford's brown lemur

 

E. sanfordi
Archbold, 1932
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 38–40 cm (15–16 in) long, plus 50–55 cm (20–22 in) tail[139]

Habitat: Forest[140]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and invertebrates[140]
 EN 


Unknown  [140]

White-headed lemur

 

E. albifrons
Geoffroy, 1796
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 40 cm (16 in) long, plus about 50 cm (20 in) tail[141]

Habitat: Forest[142]

Diet: Fruit and flowers[142]
 VU 


Unknown  [142]

Genus Hapalemur Geoffroy, 1851 – five species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Eastern lesser bamboo lemur

 

H. griseus
Link, 1795
Western and eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–30 cm (11–12 in) long, plus 35–37 cm (14–15 in) tail[143]

Habitat: Forest[144]

Diet: Bamboo, as well as grass, fruit, and leaves[145]
 VU 


Unknown  [144]

Golden bamboo lemur

 

H. aureus
Meier, Albignac, Peyriéras, Rumpler, & Wright,, 1987
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 34 cm (13 in) long, plus about 41 cm (16 in) tail[146]

Habitat: Forest and inland wetlands[147]

Diet: Bamboo, as well as grass, leaves, fruit, fungi, and soil[146]
 CR 


50–250  [147]

Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur

 

H. alaotrensis
Rumpler, 1975
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 40 cm (16 in) long, plus tail[148]

Habitat: Inland wetlands[149]

Diet: Marsh plants[149]
 CR 


Unknown  [149]

Southern lesser bamboo lemur

 

H. meridionalis
Warter, Randrianasolo, Dutrillaux, & Rumpler, 1987
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 32–40 cm (13–16 in) tail[150]

Habitat: Forest[151]

Diet: Grass, pith, stems, and leaves, as well as fruit[151]
 VU 


Unknown  [151]

Western lesser bamboo lemur

 

H. occidentalis
Rumpler, 1975

 
Size: 27–28 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 36–39 cm (14–15 in) tail[152]

Habitat: Forest[153]

Diet: Fruit, bamboo, flowers, fungi, and soil[153]
 VU 


Unknown  [153]

Genus Lemur Linnaeus, 1758 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Ring-tailed lemur

 

L. catta
Linnaeus, 1758
Southwestern Madagascar
 
Size: 39–46 cm (15–18 in) long, plus 56–63 cm (22–25 in) tail[154]

Habitat: Forest, shrubland, rocky areas, and caves[155]

Diet: Omnivorous, including fruit, leaves, stems, flowers, sap, spiders, spider webs, chameleons, insects, small birds, and termite mounds[154]
 EN 


Unknown  [155]

Genus Prolemur Gray, 1871 – one species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Greater bamboo lemur

 

P. simus
Gray, 1871
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 40–45 cm (16–18 in) long, plus 43–48 cm (17–19 in) tail[156]

Habitat: Forest[157]

Diet: Bamboo shoots and pith, as well as flowers, leaves, soil, and fruit[156]
 CR 


Unknown  [157]

Genus Varecia Gray, 1863 – two species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
Black-and-white ruffed lemur

 

V. variegata
Kerr, 1792

Three subspecies
  • V. v. editorum (Hill's ruffed lemur)
  • V. v. subcincta (White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur)
  • V. v. variegata (Black-and-white ruffed lemur)
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 45 cm (18 in) long, plus 60–61 cm (24–24 in) tail[143]

Habitat: Forest[158]

Diet: Fruit, as well as leaves, flowers, and nectar[159]
 CR 


Unknown  [158]

Red ruffed lemur

 

V. rubra
(Geoffroy, 1812)
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 50 cm (20 in) long, plus about 60 cm (24 in) tail[160]

Habitat: Forest[161]

Diet: Fruit, nectar, and pollen, as well as leaves and seeds[160]
 CR 


Unknown  [161]

Family Lepilemuridae

edit
Genus Lepilemur Geoffroy, 1851 – 25 species
Common name Scientific name and subspecies Range Size and ecology IUCN status and estimated population
AEECL's sportive lemur

 

L. aeeclis
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 24–26 cm (9–10 in) tail[162]

Habitat: Forest[163]

Diet: Leaves[163]
 EN 


Unknown  [163]

Ahmanson's sportive lemur


L. ahmansoni
Louis et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[164]

Habitat: Forest[165]

Diet: Leaves[165]
 CR 


Unknown  [165]

Ankarana sportive lemur

 

L. ankaranensis
Rumpler, 1975
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail[166]

Habitat: Forest[167]

Diet: Leaves and fruit, as well as latex[167]
 EN 


Unknown  [167]

Betsileo sportive lemur


L. betsileo
Louis et al., 2006
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 33 cm (13 in) tail[168]

Habitat: Forest[169]

Diet: Leaves and flowers[168]
 EN 


Unknown  [169]

Daraina sportive lemur

 

L. milanoii
Louis et al., 2006
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 25–29 cm (10–11 in) long, plus 24–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[170]

Habitat: Forest[171]

Diet: Leaves[171]
 EN 


Unknown  [171]

Fleurete's sportive lemur


L. fleuretae
Louis et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–37 cm (11–15 in) long, plus about 30 cm (12 in) tail[172]

Habitat: Forest[173]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, and flowers[173]
 EN 


Unknown  [173]

Gray-backed sportive lemur

 

L. dorsalis
Gray, 1870
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 23–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 26–28 cm (10–11 in) tail[174]

Habitat: Forest[175]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers, fruit, and bark[174]
 EN 


Unknown  [175]

Grewcock's sportive lemur


L. grewcocki
Louis et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 29–33 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 26–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[176]

Habitat: Forest[177]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown  [177]

Hawks' sportive lemur

 

L. tymerlachsoni
Louis et al., 2006
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–41 cm (11–16 in) long, plus 22–27 cm (9–11 in) tail[178]

Habitat: Forest[179]

Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit and bark[179]
 CR 


Unknown  [179]

Holland's sportive lemur


L. hollandorum
Ramaromilanto et al., 2009
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size:

Habitat: Forest[180]

Diet: Leaves[180]
 CR 


Unknown  [180]

Hubbard's sportive lemur

 

L. hubbardi
Louis et al., 2006
Southwestern Madagascar
 
Size: 28–34 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 23–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[181]

Habitat: Forest[182]

Diet: Leaves[182]
 EN 


Unknown  [182]

James' sportive lemur


L. jamesi
Louis et al., 2006
Southeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 32–35 cm (13–14 in) long, plus 28–32 cm (11–13 in) tail[183]

Habitat: Forest[184]

Diet:
 CR 


Unknown  [184]

Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur

 

L. edwardsi
Forsyth Major, 1894
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: 27–29 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 27–29 cm (11–11 in) tail[185]

Habitat: Forest[186]

Diet: Leaves, as well as seeds, flowers, and fruit[185]
 EN 


Unknown  [186]

Northern sportive lemur

 

L. septentrionalis
Rumpler & Albignac, 1975
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus 25 cm (10 in) tail[187]

Habitat: Forest[188]

Diet: Leaves, as well as flowers and fruit[187]
 CR 


40  [188]

Otto's sportive lemur


L. otto
Craul, Zimmermann, Rasoloharijaona, Randrianambinina, & Radespiel, 2007
Northern Madagascar
 
Size:

Habitat: Forest[189]

Diet:
 EN 


Unknown  [189]

Petter's sportive lemur

 

L. petteri
Louis et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 27–29 cm (11–11 in) long, plus 22–25 cm (9–10 in) tail[181]

Habitat: Forest[190]

Diet: Leaves[190]
 EN 


Unknown  [190]

Randrianasolo's sportive lemur

 

L. randrianasoloi
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017
Western Madagascar
 
Size: About 29 cm (11 in) long, plus about 28 cm (11 in) tail[191]

Habitat: Forest[192]

Diet: Leaves, as well as pollen, seeds, fruit, flowers, and bark[191]
 EN 


Unknown  [192]

Red-tailed sportive lemur

 

L. ruficaudatus
Grandidier, 1867
Southwestern Madagascar
 
Size: About 28 cm (11 in) long, plus about 25 cm (10 in) tail[193]

Habitat: Forest[194]

Diet: Fruit and leaves[194]
 CR 


Unknown  [194]

Sahamalaza sportive lemur

 

L. sahamalaza
Andriaholinirina et al., 2017
Northern Madagascar
 
Size: About 26 cm (10 in) long, plus about 27 cm (11 in) tail[195]

Habitat: Forest[196]

Diet: Leaves, fruit, spiders, and insects[196]
 CR 


Unknown  [196]

Scott's sportive lemur

 

L. scottorum
Lei et al., 2008
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 31–35 cm (12–14 in) long, plus 25–30 cm (10–12 in) tail[87]

Habitat: Forest[197]

Diet: Leaves[197]
 EN 


Unknown  [197]

Seal's sportive lemur


L. seali
Louis et al., 2006
Northeastern Madagascar
 
Size: 32–38 cm (13–15 in) long, plus 24–38 cm (9–15 in) tail[87]

Habitat: Forest[198]

Diet:
 VU 


Unknown  [198]

Small-toothed sportive lemur

 

L. microdon
Forsyth Major, 1894

 
Size: 27–32 cm (11–13 in) long, plus 28–32 cm (11–13 in) tail[199]

Habitat: Forest[200]

Diet: Leaves[200]
 EN 


Unknown  [200]

Weasel sportive lemur

 

L. mustelinus
Geoffroy, 1851
Eastern Madagascar
 
Size: 24–30 cm (9–12 in) long, plus 22–29 cm (9–11 in) tail[201]

Habitat: Forest[202]

Diet: Leaves, as well as fruit, flowers, and bark[201]
 VU 


Unknown  [202]

White-footed sportive lemur

 

L. leucopus
Forsyth Major, 1894
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 24–26 cm (9–10 in) long, plus 21–26 cm (8–10 in) tail[203]

Habitat: Forest[204]

Diet: Leaves and vines, as well as flowers and fruit[203]
 EN 


Unknown  [204]

Wright's sportive lemur


L. wrighti
Louis et al., 2006
Southern Madagascar
 
Size: 31–38 cm (12–15 in) long, plus 23–28 cm (9–11 in) tail[87]

Habitat: Forest[205]

Diet: Leaves[205]
 EN 


2,000  [205]

References

edit
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  2. ^ Horvath, J. E.; Weisrock, D. W.; Embry, S. L.; Fiorentino, I.; Balhoff, J. P.; Kappeler, P.; Wray, G. A.; Willard, H. F.; Yoder, A. D. (2008). "Development and application of a phylogenomic toolkit: Resolving the evolutionary history of Madagascar's lemurs" (PDF). Genome Research. 18 (3): 489–499. doi:10.1101/gr.7265208. PMC 2259113. PMID 18245770.
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Sources

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  NODES
Idea 8
idea 8
INTERN 3
Note 2
todo 1