User:Project Osprey/sandbox4

History of antioxidants [1]

Trixylylphosphate

Project Osprey/sandbox4

Names
Other names tris(dimethylphenyl) phosphate Tri-dimethyl phenyl phosphate Tri-xylenyl phosphate
Identifiers
CAS Number	25155-23-1
EC Number	246-677-8
Properties
Chemical formula	C24H27O4P
Molar mass	410.450 g·mol−1
Appearance	Viscous liquid
Density	1.142
Melting point	−20 °C (−4 °F; 253 K)
Boiling point	394 °C (741 °F; 667 K)
Solubility in water	20 µg/L
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H360F
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Trixylyl phosphate (TXP) is an aromatic phosphate ester historically used as a hydraulic fluid.

Chirality

Molecular symmetry elements

Rotational axis (Cn)	Improper rotational elements (Sn)
	Chiral no Sn	Achiral mirror plane S1 = σ	Achiral inversion centre S2 = i
C1
C2

Uric

Tautomers of uric acid

Lactam form		Lactim form

Tautomers of uric acid

			pKa1
Lactam form		Lactim form		Urate ion

Thermosets example table

Name	Properties	Applications
Example	Example	Example
Example	Example	Example
Example	Example	Example

• Polyester resin

• Polyurethanes
• Polyurea/polyurethane

• Vulcanized rubber.

formaldehyde base

• Bakelite, a phenol-formaldehyde
• Urea-formaldehyde
• Melamine resin
• Benzoxazines, formed by the reaction of phenols, formaldehyde and primary amines
• Duroplast

• Diallyl-phthalate (DAP)
• Epoxy resin
• Epoxy novolac resins

• Polyimides and Bismaleimides
• Cyanate esters or polycyanurates
• Furan resins
• Silicone resins
• Thiolyte,
• Vinyl ester resins used for wet lay-up laminating, molding and fast setting industrial protection and repair materials.

• Polyester resin fiberglass systems: sheet molding compounds and bulk molding compounds; filament winding; wet lay-up lamination; repair compounds and protective coatings.
• Polyurethanes: insulating foams, mattresses, coatings, adhesives, car parts, print rollers, shoe soles, flooring, synthetic fibers, etc. Polyurethane polymers are formed by combining two bi- or higher functional monomers/oligomers.
• Polyurea/polyurethane hybrids used for abrasion resistant waterproofing coatings.
• Vulcanized rubber.
• Bakelite, a phenol-formaldehyde resin used in electrical insulators and plasticware.
• Duroplast, light but strong material, similar to Bakelite used for making car parts.
• Urea-formaldehyde foam used in plywood, particleboard and medium-density fiberboard.
• Melamine resin used on worktop surfaces.
• Diallyl-phthalate (DAP) used in high temperature and mil-spec electrical connectors and other components. Usually glass filled.
• Epoxy resin used as the matrix component in many fiber reinforced plastics such as glass-reinforced plastic and graphite-reinforced plastic; casting; electronics encapsulation; construction; protective coatings; adhesives; sealing and joining.
• Epoxy novolac resins used for printed circuit boards, electrical encapsulation, adhesives and coatings for metal.
• Benzoxazines, used alone or hybridised with epoxy and phenolic resins, for structural prepregs, liquid molding and film adhesives for composite construction, bonding and repair.
• Polyimides and Bismaleimides used in printed circuit boards and in body parts of modern aircraft, aerospace composite structures, as a coating material and for glass reinforced pipes.
• Cyanate esters or polycyanurates for electronics applications with need for dielectric properties and high glass temperature requirements in aerospace structural composite components.
• Mold or mold runners (the black plastic part in integrated circuits or semiconductors).
• Furan resins used in the manufacture of sustainable biocomposite construction, cements, adhesives, coatings and casting/foundry resins.
• Silicone resins used for thermoset polymer matrix composites and as ceramic matrix composite precursors.
• Thiolyte, an electrical insulating thermoset phenolic laminate material.
• Vinyl ester resins used for wet lay-up laminating, molding and fast setting industrial protection and repair materials.

table

Polymer Production (Mt) Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) 64 High-density polyethylene (HDPE) 52 polypropylene (PP) 68 Polystyrene (PS) 25 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 38 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) 33 Polyurethane (PUR) 27 PP&A Fibers 59 All Others 16 Additives 25 Total 407

Global plastic production by polymer type (2015)