Viratnagar

Viratnagar

Bairat
Viratnagar Bairat
town
	Viratnagar
	The city as seen from Bairat Temple
	Viratnagar Viratnagar
	Coordinates: 27°25′59″N 76°10′54″E / 27.433189°N 76.181591°E
Country	India
State	Rajasthan
District	Kotputli-Behror district
Elevation	430 m (1,410 ft)
Population (2001)
• Total	17,237
Languages
• Official	Hindi
Time zone	UTC+5:30 (IST)
ISO 3166 code	RJ-IN
Website	http://www.viratnagar.in

Viratnagar previously known as Bairat (IAST: Bairāṭ) or Bairath (IAST: Bairāṭh) is a town in Kotputli-Behror district of Rajasthan, India.

History

Ancient era

According to Huen Tsang, visitor to China, Tonk was under Bairath State or Viratnagar previously known as Bairat or Bairath.

The present-day site of Bairat corresponds to the ancient city of Virāṭanagara, which was the capital of the Iron Age Matsya kingdom (c. 1400-c. 350 BC), which was one of the solasa (sixteen) Mahajanapadas (great kingdoms) according to the 6th BCE Buddhist text Anguttara Nikaya. Matsya kingdom had Kuru and Surasena mahajanapadas to its north and east respectively.^[1]^[2]

Medieval era

Bairat was a part of the Mauryan Empire. The ruins of the Bijak-ki-pahadi (Bairat Temple), a Buddhist Chaitya (chapel) from the 3rd century BCE located in Bairat, are the oldest free-standing Buddhist structures in India.^[3] The town is also home to ruins of a Buddhist monastery,^[4] a wood and timber shrine, and two rock-cut edicts (Bairat Edict and Bhabru Edict) from Emperor Ashoka; these date from the Mauryan period (circa 250 BCE). However, Akhnoor, a town in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir is also considered by many as the ancient Virat Nagar.^[5]^[6]

Early modern era

The town has a number of Mughal structures, including a Chhatri (cenotaph) with some of the earliest surviving murals in Rajasthan, and a lodge where the Mughal emperor Akbar hunted and stayed overnight on his yearly pilgrimage to Ajmer.^[7]

Geography

Bairat is located at 27°27′N 76°11′E / 27.45°N 76.18°E / 27.45; 76.18.^[8] It has an average elevation of 430 m (1,410 ft).

References

^ Malik, Dr Malti (2016). History of India. New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-81-7335-498-4.
^ "Integration of Rajasthan". Rajasthan Legislative Assembly website. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
^ Viratnagar in archives & archaeology: India's perennial city, Sī. Ela Śarmā, Malti Prakashan, 1997
^ A Tryst with History at Viratnagar, Florine Roche, 3 December 2012, http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=1968
^ Brara, Sarita (10 August 2013). "Akhnoor: Caught in a time warp". The Hindu. Retrieved 29 July 2018.
^ Official Web Site of Akhnoor Sub-Division (J&K)
^ The Early Rajput Murals of Bairāt (c. AD 1587) H. Goetz, Ars Orientalis Vol. 1, (1954), pp. 113-118
^ "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bairat". Fallingrain.com. Retrieved 5 June 2012.

[Malik-1] Malik, Dr Malti (2016). History of India. New Saraswati House India Pvt Ltd. pp. 52–53. ISBN 978-81-7335-498-4.

[r2-2] "Integration of Rajasthan". Rajasthan Legislative Assembly website. Retrieved 4 June 2009.

[3] Viratnagar in archives & archaeology: India's perennial city, Sī. Ela Śarmā, Malti Prakashan, 1997

[4] A Tryst with History at Viratnagar, Florine Roche, 3 December 2012, http://www.daijiworld.com/chan/exclusive_arch.asp?ex_id=1968

[5] Brara, Sarita (10 August 2013). "Akhnoor: Caught in a time warp". The Hindu. Retrieved 29 July 2018.

[6] Official Web Site of Akhnoor Sub-Division (J&K)

[7] The Early Rajput Murals of Bairāt (c. AD 1587) H. Goetz, Ars Orientalis Vol. 1, (1954), pp. 113-118

[8] "Falling Rain Genomics, Inc - Bairat". Fallingrain.com. Retrieved 5 June 2012.

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