Wikipedia

York, Pennsylvania

This article is about the Pennsylvania city. For other uses, see York, Pennsylvania (disambiguation).

York is a city in and the county seat of York County, Pennsylvania, United States.[5] Located in South Central Pennsylvania, the city's population was 44,800 at the time of the 2020 census, making it the tenth-most populous city in Pennsylvania.[6] The city has an urban area population of 238,549 people and a metropolitan population of 456,438 people.

York
City
Downtown York
WellSpan Park
Golden Plough Tavern
Colonial Courthouse
York College of Pennsylvania
Flag of York
Flag
Official seal of York
Seal
Official logo of York
Nickname: 
The White Rose City
Location of York in York County, Pennsylvania.
Location of York in York County, Pennsylvania.
York is located in Pennsylvania
York
York
York is located in the United States
York
York
Coordinates: 39°57′46″N 76°43′41″W / 39.96278°N 76.72806°W / 39.96278; -76.72806
CountryUnited States United States
StatePennsylvania Pennsylvania
CountyYork
Laid out1741
 – BoroughSeptember 24, 1787
 – CityJanuary 11, 1887
Government
 • MayorMichael Helfrich (D)[1]
Area
[2]
 • City
5.34 sq mi (13.84 km2)
 • Land5.29 sq mi (13.71 km2)
 • Water0.05 sq mi (0.13 km2)
Elevation
[4]
367 ft (112 m)
Population
 (2020)
 • City
44,800
 • Density8,389.5/sq mi (3,237.0/km2)
 • Urban
238,549 (US: 168th)[3]
 • Urban density2,109.6/sq mi (814.5/km2)
 • Metro
456,438 (US: 121st)
Time zoneUTC−5 (EST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
17401, 17403–17405
Area code(s)717 and 223
FIPS code42-87048
GNIS feature ID1215771[4]
Websitewww.yorkcity.org

Founded in 1741, York served as the temporary base for the Continental Congress from September 1777 to June 1778, during which the Articles of Confederation were drafted. It is the largest city in the York–Hanover metropolitan area, which is also included in the larger Harrisburg–York–Lebanon combined statistical area of the Susquehanna Valley.

History

edit

18th century

edit
Further information: Pennsylvania in the American Revolution
 
York's Golden Plough Tavern
 
Commemorative stamp (1977)
 
York in 1930 from the north

York was also known as Yorktown in the mid-18th to early 19th centuries. It was founded in 1741 by settlers from the Philadelphia region and named for the English city of the same name. By 1777, most of the area residents were of German or Scots-Irish descent.[7] It was incorporated as a borough on September 24, 1787, and as a city on January 11, 1887.

York served as the temporary base for the Continental Congress from September 30, 1777, to June 27, 1778, during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). Congress drafted and adopted the Articles of Confederation in York, though they were not ratified until March 1781. Congress met at the Court House that was built in 1754. It was demolished in 1841 and rebuilt in 1976 as Colonial Court House.[8][9]

York styles itself the first Capital of the United States, although historians generally consider it to be the fourth capital, after Philadelphia, Baltimore, and Lancaster (for one day).[10] The claim arises from the assertion that the Articles of Confederation was the first legal document to refer to the colonies as "the United States of America".[11] The argument depends on whether the Declaration of Independence would be considered a true legal document of the United States, being drafted under and in opposition to British rule. This does not, however, prevent modern businesses and organizations in the York area from using the name, such as the First Capital Dispensing Co., First Capital Engineering and First Capital Federal Credit Union.

The Conway Cabal was a political intrigue against General George Washington that originated in the Golden Plough Tavern in York.[12]

19th century

edit
See also: Pennsylvania in the American Civil War
 
The York residence of William C. Goodridge, a successful black businessman who ran an Underground Railway station

According to U.S. census reports from 1800 through 1840, York ranked within the nation's top one hundred most populous urban areas.

During the American Civil War (1861–1865), York became the largest Northern town to be occupied by the Confederate army when the division of Major General Jubal Anderson Early spent June 28–30, 1863 in and around the town while the brigade of John B. Gordon marched to the Susquehanna River at Wrightsville and back. Early placed York under tribute status and collected food, supplies, clothing, shoes, and $28,000 in cash from citizens and merchants before departing westward, obeying the revised orders of Robert E. Lee.

The sprawling York U.S. Army Hospital on Penn Commons served thousands of Union soldiers who had been wounded during the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg.[13]

During the Postbellum era (1865–1877), York remained a regional center for local agriculture, but increasingly became an important industrial center, with such industries as steam engines, railroad manufacturing, and papermaking achieving dominant status.

To this day, York still features unique architecture, ranging from colonial era buildings to large gothic churches.

20th century

edit
Further information: Pfaltzgraff and Pullman automobile
 
A six-wheeled Pullman automobile, manufactured on North George St. in the early 20th century

The York Motor Car Co. built Pullman automobiles on North George St. from 1905 thorough 1917. An early and unique six-wheeled prototype was involved in one of the city's first known automobile accidents.[14] Another model was driven to San Francisco and back during roughly one month to prove its reliability several years prior to the creation of the Lincoln Highway which ran through town, connecting New York City and San Francisco.

The York area had also been home for more than 100 hundred years to the Pfaltzgraff company, which built its first pottery factory in the area in 1895 and continued manufacturing in York until 2005.[15]

Although currently produced by the Hershey Company, the York Peppermint Pattie was created in York in 1940.[16]

Throughout the middle of the 20th century, several incidents of racial prejudice and social injustices occurred in the city.[17] Between 1955 and 1970 there were several racial disturbances, most notably the 1969 York Race Riot, which resulted in the death of Lillie Belle Allen and Henry C. Schaad. These murders were largely left ignored until thirty-one years later, when allegations of murder and racial prejudice were raised against the mayor, Charlie Robertson.[18] Additionally, the city commonly held unopposed Ku Klux Klan rallies and public meetings, fostering further racial tension.[19] Though the murders of Allen and Schaad were solved and the perpetrators were apprehended, the actions, which originated back to the beginnings of the hate group, continue to the present day.[20]

21st century

edit

In 2002, the city faced a budget shortfall of $1,000,000 (~$1.62 million in 2023). Mayor John S. Brenner's plan to raise the money by asking York County's 302,000 adult residents to donate $3.32 to the city received national attention.[21] The plan, referred to by some as the "Big Mac" Plan, did not raise all of the funds sought.

After many years of attempting to secure funding for a stadium and a baseball team to play in it, the first decade of the century saw York realize both goals. In 2007, Santander Stadium (now WellSpan Park), home of the York Revolution, opened in the Arch Street neighborhood. The stadium, along with other large projects such as the York County Judicial Center and the Codo luxury apartment lofts, have come to symbolize York's extensive redevelopment efforts.

Geography

edit

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 5.3 square miles (14 km2), of which 5.2 square miles (13 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (1.14%) is water.

Climate

edit

York has a humid continental climate (Dfa) with hot, humid summers and moderately cold winters. The mean annual precipitation total of 41.1 inches (1,040 millimeters) is fairly evenly spread throughout the year, and falls on an average of 126.6 days per annum. Record temperatures from the York COOP range from 107 °F (42 °C), set on July 2, 1901, down to −21 °F (−29 °C), recorded on January 28, 1925, and January 21, 1994; at York Airport, with a considerably shorter period of record, the range is 100 °F (38 °C), set on July 22, 2011, down to −12 °F (−24 °C) as recently as March 6–7, 2015.[22] The York COOP also holds the official statewide 24-hour precipitation record of 13.5 in (340 mm) set on June 22, 1972, due to the impact of Hurricane Agnes.[23]

Climate data for York, Pennsylvania (1991–2020 normals)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 41.2
(5.1) 		45.3
(7.4) 		54.5
(12.5) 		67.2
(19.6) 		76.5
(24.7) 		83.9
(28.8) 		87.7
(30.9) 		86.0
(30.0) 		79.7
(26.5) 		68.2
(20.1) 		55.7
(13.2) 		44.9
(7.2) 		65.9
(18.8)
Daily mean °F (°C) 31.2
(−0.4) 		34.3
(1.3) 		42.4
(5.8) 		53.6
(12.0) 		63.1
(17.3) 		71.2
(21.8) 		75.4
(24.1) 		73.8
(23.2) 		67.1
(19.5) 		55.6
(13.1) 		44.4
(6.9) 		35.5
(1.9) 		54.0
(12.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 21.3
(−5.9) 		23.2
(−4.9) 		30.2
(−1.0) 		40.0
(4.4) 		49.7
(9.8) 		58.5
(14.7) 		63.1
(17.3) 		61.5
(16.4) 		54.5
(12.5) 		43.0
(6.1) 		33.1
(0.6) 		26.1
(−3.3) 		42.0
(5.6)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.27
(83) 		2.81
(71) 		4.01
(102) 		3.62
(92) 		4.20
(107) 		4.29
(109) 		4.52
(115) 		3.96
(101) 		5.10
(130) 		3.94
(100) 		3.22
(82) 		3.52
(89) 		46.46
(1,180)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 8.5
(22) 		8.2
(21) 		3.9
(9.9) 		0.2
(0.51) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.0
(0.0) 		0.5
(1.3) 		3.3
(8.4) 		24.6
(62)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.3 9.6 11.6 11.6 12.7 12.0 11.0 9.6 9.6 8.4 10.0 10.5 126.9
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 3.3 3.0 1.7 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 1.5 10.0
Source: NOAA[24][25]

Demographics

edit
Historical population
CensusPop.Note%±
17902,096—
18002,50319.4%
18102,84713.7%
18203,1079.1%
18304,21635.7%
18404,77913.4%
18506,80342.4%
18608,60326.5%
187011,00327.9%
188013,94026.7%
189020,79349.2%
190033,70862.1%
191044,75032.8%
192047,5126.2%
193055,25416.3%
194056,7122.6%
195059,9535.7%
196054,504−9.1%
197050,008−8.2%
198044,619−10.8%
199042,192−5.4%
200040,862−3.2%
201043,7187.0%
202044,8002.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[26][27]

York is the largest principal city of the York–Hanover–Gettysburg CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the York–Hanover metropolitan area (York County) and the Gettysburg micropolitan area (Adams County),[28][29][30] which had a combined population of 473,043 at the 2000 census.

As of the 2020 United States census, York had a population of 44,800, of which 38.1% were Hispanic/Latino, 32.4% were non-Hispanic White, 23.1% were non-Hispanic Black, 0.8% were Asian, 0.2% were Native American or Pacific Islander, and 5.4% were mixed or other.[31]

2010

edit

As of the 2010 census,[32] the city was 51.2% White, 28.0% Black or African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.2% Asian, and 6.3% were two or more races. 28.5% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry.

2000

edit

As of the census of 2000, there were 40,862 people, 16,137 households, and 9,246 families residing in the city. The population density was 7,852.2 inhabitants per square mile (3,031.8/km2). There were 18,534 housing units at an average density of 3,561.6/sq mi (1,375.1/km2).

The racial makeup of the city was 59.75% White, 25.13% African American, 0.42% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 9.40% from other races, and 3.83% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 17.19% of the population.

There were 16,137 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of eighteen living with them; 31.0% were married couples living together, 20.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.7% were non-families. 33.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was sixty-five years of age or older.

The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 28.4% under the age of eighteen, 11.4% from eighteen to twenty-four, 30.1% from twenty-five to forty-four, 19.1% from forty-five to sixty-four, and 10.9% who were sixty-five years of age or older. The median age was thirty-one years.

For every one hundred females, there were 93.0 males. For every one hundred females who were aged eighteen or older, there were 88.0 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,475, and the median income for a family was $30,762. Males had a median income of $26,792 compared with that of $20,612 for females.

The per capita income for the city was $13,439.

Roughly 20.0% of families and 23.8% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 31.8% of those who were under the age of eighteen and 15.8% of those who were aged sixty-five or older.

Economy

edit

York was the home of dental equipment and false teeth giant Dentsply Sirona until the company moved its headquarters to Charlotte, North Carolina in 2019.[33] Though founded in New York by four men, the company moved its headquarters to the site of its factory in the 1900s, where it was run by one of the four founders, George H. Whiteley. Whiteley was an experienced ceramist who was familiar with the process of making artificial teeth. Whiteley was sent by the group to oversee the factory and his family presided over the factory for multiple generations. Dentsply Sirona is a NASDAQ listed company, and internationally known throughout the dentistry business.[34][35][36]

York Barbell, which is located in Manchester Township, is a reseller of barbells and other equipment for weight training and bodybuilding, and is the home of the USA Weightlifting Hall of Fame.[37]

A large Harley-Davidson motorcycle factory, which employs roughly half of Harley's production workforce, is located just northeast of York in Springettsbury Township.

The York area is also home to two major manufacturers of modern hydro-power water turbines, Voith Hydro in West Manchester Township[38] and American Hydro in Hellam Township,[39] both of which manufacture enormous parts in their plants.

Spring Garden Township, directly south of York, is the headquarters to York International, a Johnson Controls Company and one of the largest suppliers of HVAC systems in the United States. On February 2, 1998, a massive explosion occurred at the York International plant. A spark set off a leak in the nearby propane storage house, causing a blast that was felt up to twenty-five miles away, which blew out windows nearby and knocked down doors. Roughly twenty people were injured, and one person was killed in the explosion, which occurred during a shift change.[40][41]

The Stauffer Biscuit Company, owned by Meiji Seika of Japan since February 2004, which was previously based in York, produced animal crackers since 1871; it is currently based in Spring Garden Township.[42]

Just north of York in East Manchester Township is one of only four Starbucks roasting facilities in the world.[43]

The York area also boasts a BAE Systems facility in West Manchester Township which assembles various military tanks and equipment.[44]

The P.H.Glatfelter paper company, founded in 1864, was headquartered in York until mid-2020 when it relocated to Charlotte, North Carolina. Glatfelter had sold its nearby Spring Grove paper mill in 2018.[45] The paper mill is now operated by Pixelle Specialty Solutions, LLC.

In addition, Christmas Tree Hill, a popular national Christmas, home decor and gift retailer, has been based in York since its founding in 1971. Its flagship location is housed in the historic Meadowbrook Mansion, which was built in East York during the early 1800s.[46] The six columns on the mansion's front porch were reused from the second York County Courthouse cupola, which had been located at 28 East Market Street from 1841 until it was taken down in 1898 to make room for the third courthouse.[47]

Arts and culture

edit

Architecture

edit
Main article: National Register of Historic Places listings in York County, Pennsylvania
 
York Friends Meeting House

Historic sites include the 1741 Golden Plough Tavern,[48] the 1751 General Horatio Gates House,[49] the 1766 York Meetinghouse,[50] the 1863 Billmeyer House,[51] the 1888 York Central Market,[52] and the 1907 Moorish Revival Temple Beth Israel.

Other notable buildings include the Laurel-Rex Fire Company House, Forry House, Farmers Market, Barnett Bobb House, Cookes House, United Cigar Manufacturing Company building, Stevens School, York Dispatch Newspaper Offices, and York Armory.[53]

The city is also home to four national historic districts: Fairmount Historic District, Northwest York Historic District, Springdale Historic District, and York Historic District.[53]

Fairgrounds and vendors

edit

Much of York's culture represents the city's evolving role as an agricultural and industrial center. The historic York State Fair, which claims to be the country's oldest,[54] traces its roots to 1765. It runs every year in late July for ten days, encompassing an entire week and two weekends. In addition to typical fair attractions, such as rides, games and contests, it also wins regional recognition for hosting many musical artists, such as Alabama, Gretchen Wilson, Carrie Underwood, Toby Keith, and Lynyrd Skynyrd.[55][56][57]

For a more comprehensive list, see List of performers at the York State Fair.

The fairgrounds, branded the York Expo Center, also hosts the annual National Street Rod Association Street Rod Nationals East, the largest annual street rod event in the Eastern US.[58] The event brings thousands of street rods into the city for a few days in June. On Friday afternoons of the event, the city holds a parade through the center of the city for participating vehicles.

York City Recreation and Parks helps sponsor the Olde York Street Fair[59] each year on Mothers Day, the second Sunday of May – a tradition since the early 1980s. In recent years, more than 150 art, craft and food vendors have lined Market and George streets. Average attendance was 60,000 people as of 2004, according to city officials.[60]

Theatre

edit
 
Part of York's Appell Center for the Performing Arts in 2007

York is home to DreamWrights Center for Community Arts, The Belmont Theatre, the Pullo Center at Penn State York and the Appell Center for the Performing Arts, formerly known as the Strand-Capitol Performing Arts Center, which hosts nationally acclaimed acts in York. Performers here have included Kenny G, Bill Cosby,[61] B.B. King,[62] Béla Fleck,[63] and George Carlin.[64]

The historic Capitol Theatre also features many independent and foreign films, making it the only venue in York (and sometimes the entire Susquehanna Valley) to feature some rare, yet critically acclaimed films. The Strand Studio has also branched out and offers live music, usually jazz and acoustic, for the community. In 2017, DreamWrights underwent the largest renovation in its twenty-year history, adding a second performance space among other improvements.[65]

Heritage

edit

The York County History Center (YCHC) is a not-for-profit educational institution that preserves and uses its collections, historic sites and museums to encourage exploration of the history and culture of York County, Pennsylvania. YCHC maintains eight historical sites that demonstrate three hundred years of York County's history. The YCHC was founded in 1999 after a merger of the Historical Society of York County and the Agricultural and Industrial Museum of York County (AIM). Currently, the YCHC historical sites include the Worker's House, which was erected circa 1875, the Golden Plough Tavern, which was built sometime around 1741, the Barnett Bobb Log House, which was erected in 1812, the Bonham House, which was built circa 1885, and the old Eastern Market House, which was erected sometime around 1886.

In 1992, AIM acquired an industrial complex consisting of six buildings, which were built roughly between 1874 and 1955; three of the buildings were renovated and now house the industrial portion of the collection. The YCHC also hosts a variety of events throughout the year and holds the rights to the Murals of York, a group of paintings that depict York's history.

The History Center also purchased a former Met-Ed steam plant in York in late 2015 and plans to turn it into a new history center. In 2016, what was the York County Heritage Trust rebranded as the York County History Center.[citation needed]

Music

edit
 
Live, a leading alternative rock band from York, performing in May 2008

The York Factory Whistle holds the world record for the loudest music without amplification from a non-musical instrument.[66] Every Christmas Eve, the whistle uses a compressor to create air pressure, then releases it through a series of tubes using a device much like a slide whistle. (Prior to 2010, the pressure was created using steam produced by a boiler.) The music has had a loudness of 140 dB and can be heard ten to twelve miles away with proper weather conditions. Christmas music is played for a short time around midnight. It is thought that this annual tradition was started around 1925.[67][68][69] Other sources date the tradition circa 1888 or earlier.[70]

After the New York Wire Cloth Company plant closed in 2013, Metso moved the whistle to its factory in York and continued the annual concert tradition.[71] Metso announced in August 2015 that it would close its York plant by the end of March 2016.[72] As of December 2017, the building was still owned by Metso and the annual twenty-five-minute York Factory Whistle Concert remained scheduled, along with two daytime rehearsal sessions.[73]

By December 2018, the hosting factory building was owned by 240 Arch LLC, and the air compressor (to be moved there for rehearsals and the concert) was trailer-mounted.[70] Another early Christmas concert and Saturday-before practice were announced for 2019.[74]

The alternative rock band Live is from York.[75] Many of Live's songs are about the town including "Shit Towne" from their most successful album Throwing Copper.[76]

Several community bands that formed during the 19th and early 20th centuries continue to perform in York as it is the closest city to the groups. They include the Emigsville Band of Emigsville, Spring Garden Band of Spring Garden Township, Brodbecks Band of Jefferson, Red Lion-Felton Band of Red Lion, and Twin Rose Community Band of Wrightsville.[77]

York is home to many veteran as well as up-and-coming talented artists and musicians from all genres including funk, blues, jazz, rock, experimental, country, and bluegrass. The rock band Hexbelt is known for its brand of "Susquehanna Hexbelt Swing" music.[78] York hosts a variety of open mics and underground venues such as the Sign of the Wagon[79] and The Depot.[80] Astro Lasso, an electronic indie pop band from York managed by Frankie Muniz, toured with We the Kings in 2017.[81]

The York chapter of the Barbershop Harmony Society, performing as the White Rose Chorus, was founded in 1945.[82]

Shopping

edit

The area's main shopping centers are York Galleria and West Manchester Town Center.

Sports

edit
Club League Sport Venue Capacity Founded Championships
York Revolution ALPB Baseball WellSpan Park 5,200 2007 (3) 2010, 2011, 2017
York Buccaneers ABA Basketball Voni Grimes Gym 200 2015[83]  

Baseball

edit
Further information: York Revolution
 
Entrance to WellSpan Park, then known as PeoplesBank Park

The York Revolution plays in the independent Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. After thirty-six years without professional baseball, the Revolution arrived in 2007 to fill the void left by the departed York White Roses. The Revolution is named after the city's colonial past, when the Continental Congress met in York and passed the Articles of Confederation during the Revolutionary War, and continues the old baseball rivalry between York and the nearby city of Lancaster.[84] The Revolution plays at WellSpan Park in York's Arch Street neighborhood, which features a plaza and statue in honor of MLB Hall of Fame third baseman Brooks Robinson, a one-time member of the aforementioned White Roses, with whom he made his professional baseball debut in 1955. Prior to his death, Robinson served as a special assistant and advisor to Opening Day Partners, the group largely responsible for bringing professional baseball back to York.

WellSpan Park has the distinction of having the tallest wall in baseball. At thirty-seven feet, eight inches, the left field wall of York's ballpark surpasses the height of the Green Monster at Fenway Park, the home of the Boston Red Sox.

Football

edit

The people of York (the White Rose City) and the similar city of Lancaster (the Red Rose City) across the Susquehanna River often engage in rivalry and competition that has its roots in the Wars of the Roses. Both cities take their names from the English cities, York and Lancaster, from which the opposing royal houses took their names in the fifteenth-century wars.

The War of the Roses All-Star Game is played in York every year over the weekend of Thanksgiving. The game pits the best high school football players in their senior seasons from the York-Adams League against a similar team from the Lancaster-Lebanon League. As the game only involves seniors and occurs during the first weekend of the PIAA District 3 football playoffs (players on teams which qualify for the playoffs do not participate), it is the final high school football game for each of the participants.

Former Minnesota Vikings, Atlanta Falcons, and San Francisco 49ers defensive lineman Chris Doleman graduated from York's William Penn High School.[85] York was the birthplace of former New York Giants Linebacker Andre Powell,[86] former Miami Dolphins running back Woodrow (Woody) Bennett,[87] former Los Angeles Raiders and Atlanta Falcons Tackle/Guard Lincoln Kennedy[88][89] and former Atlanta Falcons safety Omar Brown.[85] Tampa Bay Buccaneers head coach, Bruce Arians, is also a graduate of William Penn Senior High School (1970).[90][91] New York Giants Offensive Tackle William Beatty is also a York, Pennsylvania native. Former Pittsburgh Steelers fullback Jon Witman graduated from Eastern York High School.[92]

The York Capitals indoor football team was founded in 2012 and began play with the American Indoor Football league in April 2013.[93] The team moved to Harrisburg after its 2015 league championship and was renamed the Central Penn Capitals before it folded in 2016.

Other sports

edit

The Bob Hoffman Auditorium at York Barbell hosts a variety of powerlifting, Olympic lifting, strongman and bodybuilding competitions and shows.[94]

York is home to the "Plywood Hoods", a group of BMX freestylers, including Kevin Jones, who gained broad acclaim in the 1980s and 1990s.[95][96]

York is also the home of the York County Silver Bullets semiprofessional football team (Colonial Football Alliance). In its 2006 inaugural season, the team had a record of 5–5 and gained a playoff berth, though lost in its first round.[97]

"The Pogo Squad", a group of about twelve extreme pogo performers, is located in York. It participates in area events, including the York St. Patrick's Day Parade,[98] and perform shows.[99] A photo of one member's pogo stunt against a sunset background won first place out of over eight hundred entries in a 2007 York newspaper photo contest.[100]

York was also home to the Thunder D'ohm Skateboard Park, now defunct. A new park, "Reid Menzer Memorial Skatepark", was built and named for a York Catholic High School student who was killed while riding a skateboard.[101]

York US30 was a drag strip just outside York. It held the 1965 Super Stock championships – "the largest one day drag race" in the United States. An annual Musclecar Madness event is held in York to commemorate the defunct strip.[102]

York will host the 2019 PDGA Amateur Disc Golf World Championships, having won against six other tournament-hosting bids. The tournament director will be Chas Ford. Disc golf courses to be used include those at Gifford Pinchot State Park, Codorus State Park, Muddy Run, and more. The week-long event will take place in mid-July.[103]

Government

edit

York was featured during the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election, when National Public Radio's Michele Norris and Steve Inskeep chose to showcase the city in "The York Project: Race & the '08 Vote." The program was aired as a seven-part series and featured different York citizens discussing race relations, racial perceptions, and the emotions inspired by the 2008 election. Norris stated that York was chosen due to its central location in a battleground state, its rich history (including its strained race relations), and demographics.[104] On June 19, 2009, Norris announced on the air that she was taking time off to write a book inspired by her conversations "with a diverse group of voters" in York,[105] and The Grace of Silence: A Memoir was published in September 2010.[106]

In 2009, Kim Bracey won the Democratic primary and became the favored candidate for mayor. She won the general election in November against Republican opponent Wendell Banks and took office on the first Monday in 2010 as the city's first African-American and second woman mayor.[107] Bracey won reelection in November 2013 against Libertarian challenger Dave Moser.

Michael Helfrich defeated Bracey by only 133 votes in 2017. A Democratic city council president, Helfrich ran for mayor as a Republican after losing the Democratic primary election to Bracey by just over 300 votes.[108] Helfrich was inaugurated as mayor on January 2, 2018. He announced in late December 2023 that he would not run for election in 2025.[109]

Education

edit
 
William Penn Senior High School on Penn Commons

York and its surrounding area are served by 15 public school districts, York City and Dallastown, Eastern York, West York, Central York, York Suburban, Southern York County, Red Lion, Northeastern York, Dover, Hanover, South Western, Spring Grove, York County School of Technology, and South Eastern public school districts. Private Christian schools in the area include the Christian School of York, Shrewsbury Christian Academy, and York Catholic High School.

There are also a number of charter schools in the area. Lincoln Charter School was established in 2000,[110] Helen Thackston Charter School[111] in 2009, and York Academy Regional Charter School in 2011.[112]

The city is home to York College of Pennsylvania, which was founded in 1787 and offers up to master's level education and a doctoral level nursing program. Penn State York offers several baccalaureate degrees, minors, associate degrees and one master's degree. Penn State students may utilize a "2+2" program, allowing them to complete the first two years of study at the York campus and the last two at Penn State University Park.

Other higher education organizations in York are Harrisburg Area Community College's York Campus, the YTI Career Institute (YTI), which offers accredited degree and diploma programs in the business, healthcare and culinary fields and the York Time Institute, which offers diplomas in clock repair and restoration. The city formerly housed the Art Institute of York-Pennsylvania, previously known as the Bradley Academy for the Visual Arts, until its closure in 2017, as well as the Yorktowne Business Institute (YBI) & School of Culinary Arts.[113]

Media

edit
Further information: The York Dispatch and York Daily Record
 
The old York Dispatch building

York is unusual in that it supports two daily newspapers, despite its relatively small size. The York Daily Record/Sunday News is published mornings, seven days a week, and The York Dispatch is published Monday through Friday mornings. The Dispatch was an afternoon paper until 2014. The Daily Record/Sunday News currently has the lead in terms of circulations of the daily newspapers.

York is part of the Susquehanna Valley (Harrisburg/Lancaster/Lebanon/York) media market. The Fox affiliate WPMT 43, has its base of operations in York.

York has a Public, educational, and government access (PEG) cable TV station called WRCT (White Rose Community Television) wrct.TV[114] which used to be YCAT (York Community Access Television).[115][116]

The pop music radio station, WSBA AM 910, achieved high ratings in York, and nearby Harrisburg and Lancaster, during the 1960s and 1970s. WSBA, now a news-talk station, was the flagship station of Susquehanna Broadcasting, which had its corporate offices in York.[117]

Other radio stations in York include WVYC from York College, WARM FM, WQXA FM, and WOYK.

FM stations licensed to York include:

Callsign MHz Details
WSOX 96.1 Oldies
WYCR 98.5 98.5 The Peak
WVYC 99.7 Indie/College Rock, York College
WARM 103.3 "Warm 103" Adult Contemporary
WQXA 105.7 "105.7 The X" Hard Rock

Infrastructure

edit

Fire department and public safety

edit
 
York Fire Station No. 1 on South Duke Street and East King Street

York is served by the York City Fire Department (Company 99), which operates out of four fire stations, located throughout the city, and maintains a fire apparatus fleet of six engines, two trucks, one service, and other support units. The YFD staffs three engines, one truck and one duty Chief twenty-hours per day, and responds to approximately 2,700 emergency calls annually.[118]

The city and surrounding area are also served by York Area United Fire and Rescue (Company 89),[119] First Capital EMS (Company 5), UPMC LifeTeam EMS (Company 2), York City Police, York County Area Regional Police, Spring Garden Township Police, as well as other police departments, ambulance stations, and fire companies.[citation needed]

Transportation

edit

Bus service

edit
Further information: Rabbit Transit (York)

York is served, through public transportation, by Rabbit Transit, which operates multiple bus routes in the city and the surrounding suburbs. In 2006, a Rabbit EXPRESS bus route was established to transport commuters to Harrisburg and back, making six round trips weekdays.[120] Rabbit Transit introduced a new route on February 2, 2009, that provides three daily round trips between York and Timonium, Maryland.[121][122] The $5 fare each way covers 80% of the operating costs.[123]

In addition to Rabbit Transit, the city has a Greyhound/Trailways bus depot with service to Harrisburg and Syracuse, New York, or to Baltimore and Washington, D.C. provided by Greyhound Lines. Bieber Transportation Group formerly provided service to New York City along a route running by way of Lancaster, Reading, and Philadelphia and a route running by way of Lancaster, Reading, and the Lehigh Valley until service was discontinued in April 2018.[124][125]

Intercity bus service to New York City was restored by OurBus on July 1, 2018.[126]

Rail

edit

Lancaster, twenty-four miles to the east, has frequent Amtrak train service to Philadelphia.

As recent as the late 1960s, the station was the site of several train departures a day, run by the Pennsylvania Railroad heading north to Harrisburg and south, towards Baltimore and Washington, DC, including the Buffalo Day Express, the Northern Express, the Spirit of St. Louis and shuttle cars for the Penn Texas.[127]

The last Red Arrow bound for Detroit departed from York during the latter half of the 1950s.[128] Rail advocates have suggested commuter rail service could be started between York and Philadelphia with much of the necessary infrastructure already in place, using SEPTA's system. Transportation planners say this is too expensive, with bus and van services more feasible.[129] The former Pennsylvania Railroad station for York now lies along the York County Heritage Rail Trail across from WellSpan Park.

Major highways

edit

Airports

edit

York does not have any commercial airports, though the small York Airport (THV) is located seven miles southwest in Thomasville. The nearest major airports are Baltimore-Washington International (BWI) and Harrisburg International Airport (MDT).

Healthcare

edit

York City has two hospitals; WellSpan York Hospital and UPMC Memorial Hospital.

Founded in 1880, WellSpan York Hospital is located on the edge of York City on the border of Spring Garden Township and is a regional specialty center, featuring a level 1 trauma center, a stroke center, and level 3 NICU. The hospital employs more than 5,000 people, is a nationally recognized teaching hospital, and can treat a large variety of patients with diverse issues, including pediatrics, orthopedics, and cardiac issues.

Memorial Hospital was opened in 1945, and was taken over by PinnacleHealth in 2017. PinnacleHealth became part of the UPMC health system in 2017, and Memorial Hospital then became UPMC Memorial. In 2019, UPMC Memorial moved from its old facility in Spring Garden Township to its new facility in West Manchester Township. UPMC Memorial is a general hospital, and features a Select Specialty facility. The old Memorial Hospital is undergoing conversion into an apartment building, as of March 2023.

York has many independent healthcare facilities as well as those run by other corporations, however WellSpan and UPMC are the primary health systems in York and the surrounding area and have the majority of local specialty centers and doctors offices.

Notable people

edit

Sister cities

edit

York is twinned with:[130]

References

edit
  1. ^ Albring, Angel (November 2, 2021). "Election 2021 results: York Mayor Michael Helfrich re-elected, longtime district judge loses". York Daily Record. Retrieved April 1, 2024.
  2. ^ "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 28, 2020.
  3. ^ "List of 2020 Census Urban Areas". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
  4. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: York, Pennsylvania
  5. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  6. ^ Boehm, Eric (March 24, 2015). "Nine of Pennsylvania's 10 largest cities have more pensioners than workers". watchdog.org. Franklin Center for Government & Public Integrity. Archived from the original on January 10, 2016. Retrieved June 5, 2015. York, which is the state's 11th largest city by population...
  7. ^ Glatfelter, Charles H. "The Continental Congress Meets a German Town". hsp.org. The Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Retrieved June 19, 2009.
  8. ^ "Court House, York: Sept. 30, 1777 – June 27, 1778". Office of the Historian, U.S. Department of State. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
  9. ^ Smith, Stephen H. (November 15, 2017). "Early U.S. constitution adopted 240 years ago in York Town". York Daily Record. Retrieved March 27, 2023.
  10. ^ Adams, Cecil (December 10, 2004). "The Straight Dope: York, Pennsylvania: First capital of the United States?". The Straight Dope.
  11. ^ "History of York: 1776–1789". York Daily Record. September 14, 2006. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
  12. ^ McClure, James; Strong, Kim (2001). Nine Months in York Town: American Revolutionaries Labor on Pennsylvania's Frontier. York, Pa.: York Daily Record, York Newspaper Co., York County Heritage Trust. ISBN 9780971041608.
  13. ^ Mingus, Scott L., Flames Beyond Gettysburg: The Gordon Expedition, June 1863. (Columbus, Ohio: Ironclad Publishing, 2009)
  14. ^ "1903: York County; Six-wheeled car crashes". York Daily Record / Sunday News. September 14, 2006. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2008.
  15. ^ Cecil, Andréa Maria (August 13, 2005). "Pfaltzgraff plant to close (250 jobs lost)". York Daily Record. ProQuest 274705852. Archived from the original on December 1, 2005. Retrieved February 21, 2014.
  16. ^ "YORK peppermint pattie". The Hershey Company. Archived from the original on August 7, 2007. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
  17. ^ "Race riot lingers in York, PA, 39 years later". CNN Washington Bureau. August 21, 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  18. ^ "1969 York race riots: The murders of Lillie Belle Allen and Henry C. Schaad". York Daily Record. March 9, 2005. Archived from the original on February 11, 2015. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  19. ^ "KKK Files Complaint Against Hotel". York Daily Record. April 2, 1987. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  20. ^ Knapp, Tom (April 23, 2014). "Klan activity in York County, and maybe Lancaster, doesn't ruffle feathers of local law enforcement". Lancaster Online. Retrieved February 11, 2015.
  21. ^ "National Briefing: Mid-Atlantic: Pennsylvania: Mayor Seeks $3 Donations". The New York Times. December 21, 2002. Retrieved June 19, 2009.
  22. ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 23, 2015.
  23. ^ "State Climate Extremes Committee (SCEC)". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved September 23, 2019.
  24. ^ NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  25. ^ "Monthly Normals 1991-2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved July 23, 2022.
  26. ^ United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved November 21, 2013.
  27. ^ "Census 2020".
  28. ^ METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed August 1, 2008.
  29. ^ MICROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed August 1, 2008.
  30. ^ COMBINED STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENT CORE BASED STATISTICAL AREAS, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed August 1, 2008.
  31. ^ "Explore Census Data".
  32. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 18, 2016.
  33. ^ "Dentsply Sirona Board Approves Relocation of Headquarters to Charlotte N.C. and Announces CFO Transition Plan". Dentsply Sirona (Press release). May 23, 2019.
  34. ^ "Company Overview". Dentsply.com. Archived from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  35. ^ "Heritage". Dentsply.com. Archived from the original on December 26, 2014. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  36. ^ "History of Dentsply International Inc. – FundingUniverse". Fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  37. ^ "Hall of Fame". York Barbell Company. Archived from the original on June 11, 2007. Retrieved July 3, 2007.
  38. ^ "Voith celebrates 135th anniversary in York, Pennsylvania". Voith Group. Retrieved April 24, 2013.
  39. ^ Lagassa, G. (March 1, 1990). "Bibliographic Citation". North American Turbine Companies. 20 (3). U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information. OSTI 5425668.
  40. ^ "Statement of Andrea Kidd Taylor, Dr.P.H." Statements from Hearings held in the 105th Congress, Second Session. U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works. October 7, 1998. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  41. ^ "OSHA to Reduce York's Citations and Fines". LookSmart Find Articles. March 1999. Archived from the original on November 15, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  42. ^ "Stauffer's Company History". stauffers.net. Stauffer Biscuit Company. Archived from the original on September 8, 2008. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
  43. ^ "Company Timeline" (PDF). Starbucks Corporation. August 2006. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 10, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  44. ^ "BAE Systems To Remanufacture And Upgrade Bradley Vehicles". spacedaily.com. SpaceDaily. August 9, 2006. Retrieved September 13, 2008.
  45. ^ Strebig, Neil (February 11, 2020). "P.H. Glatfelter set to relocate HQ from York to North Carolina in 2020". York Daily Record. Retrieved February 12, 2020.
  46. ^ "History of the Mansion". Christmas Tree Hill. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  47. ^ Smith, Stephen H. (April 23, 2017). "Historic Courthouse Columns built into Meadowbrook Mansion". York's Past. York Daily Record. Retrieved July 11, 2020.
  48. ^ "Golden Plough Tavern". Scott D. Butcher. Retrieved June 20, 2009.
  49. ^ "General Horatio Gates House". Scott D. Butcher. Retrieved June 20, 2009.
  50. ^ "York Meetinghouse". The Gombach Group. Retrieved June 20, 2009.
  51. ^ "The Billmeyer House". Scott D. Butcher. Retrieved June 20, 2009.
  52. ^ "Central Market House". Scott D. Butcher. Retrieved June 20, 2009.
  53. ^ a b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
  54. ^ "York Fair: Our History". York County Agricultural Society. Archived from the original on August 30, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  55. ^ "Media Center: York Fair". York County Heritage Trust. Archived from the original on August 12, 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  56. ^ "York Fair: Events". York County Agricultural Society. Archived from the original on August 30, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  57. ^ "The 241st. York Fair starts Sept 9". Gettysburg Times. Retrieved June 21, 2016.
  58. ^ "NSRA Street Rod Nationals East". Archived from the original on October 10, 2007.
  59. ^ "Annual York City Special Events".
  60. ^ York City Recreation & Parks. "2004 City of York Special Events Sponsorship Opportunities" (PDF). City of York, Pennsylvania. p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  61. ^ "York Pennsylvania Factory Tour Capital of the World". Factory Capital. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
  62. ^ "B.B. King: April 28, 2007 – York, PA, USA – Strand Capital Theater". bbking.com. Archived from the original on July 1, 2007. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
  63. ^ "Bela Fleck and the Flecktones Live at Strand Theatre on 2004-04-21". Internet Archive. April 21, 2004. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
  64. ^ "Things To Do". The Yorktowne Hotel. Archived from the original on January 11, 2008. Retrieved December 15, 2007.
  65. ^ Haber, Gary (September 7, 2017) [Published online August 31, 2017]. "Million-dollar makeover in the script for York's DreamWrights theater". York Daily Record. Retrieved September 9, 2017.
  66. ^ "Loudest whistle, steam". Guinness World Records. December 12, 2002. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  67. ^ McClure, Jim (January 6, 2006). "The world's loudest music without amplification from a non-musical instrument". York Town Square. York Daily Record.
  68. ^ "Steam Whistle Concert". Lancaster-York Heritage Region. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved September 20, 2007.
  69. ^ "New York Wire Keeps Whistling Holiday Favorites". New York Wire Company. Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved January 28, 2012.
  70. ^ a b Morrow, Geoff (November 29, 2018). "York Factory Whistle Concert tradition on Christmas Eve will continue this year". York Daily Record. Retrieved December 4, 2018.
  71. ^ Smith, Stephen H. (October 8, 2013). "#26 New York Wire Cloth Company in York; Original Home of the Christmas Eve Factory Whistle Concert". York Daily Record. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
  72. ^ Haber, Gary (August 18, 2015). "Metso to close York plant, 80 layoffs expected". WITF.
  73. ^ Boeckel, Teresa (December 4, 2017). "What's up with the York Factory Whistle Concert?". York Daily Record. Retrieved December 10, 2017.
  74. ^ Moore, Kevin (December 7, 2019). "A York tradition: Christmas Factory Whistle Concert will play again this year". York Daily Record. Retrieved December 11, 2019.
  75. ^ "Biography". Friends of Live. Archived from the original on August 21, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  76. ^ "Live – Shit Towne". Song Meanings. May 26, 2004. Retrieved September 19, 2007.
  77. ^ McClure, Jim (August 16, 2007). "York County community bands play on". York Town Square. Retrieved January 8, 2024.
  78. ^ Andrelczyk, Mike (November 10, 2014). "Welcome to jam/rock: Hexbelt". Fly. Archived from the original on October 12, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2016. a term that came from a tagline from the original ... album – 'Susquehanna funky hexbelt swing' – and a nod to the Pennsylvania Dutch influence on the area.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  79. ^ "Get Groovin' in the Music Mecca" (PDF). YRK Magazine. Summer 2015. p. 6. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 27, 2016. Retrieved February 1, 2016.
  80. ^ "Musical & Intimate Performing Arts Venues". City of York, Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on September 7, 2015. Retrieved February 1, 2016. The Depot: A hip concert venue featuring punk, trash, jam and indie bands appealing to the funkier set... Thursdays @ 9:30pm
  81. ^ Coccia, Leviana (April 25, 2017). "Astro Lasso gives back during first nation-wide tour, motivating youth to explore music and creativity". A Quarter Young. Retrieved November 23, 2017.
  82. ^ Monson, Marty (May 2016). "Planning the long-term future of the Society". The Harmonizer. p. 3. Retrieved November 18, 2021 – via Issuu.
  83. ^ Vandersloot, Ryan (January 26, 2020). "York Buccaneers focus on winning basketball games and a community following". York Dispatch. Retrieved December 9, 2020. Midway through their fifth season in the American Basketball Association
  84. ^ "Opening Shots Fired in "War of the Roses" : Lancaster, York To Renew Storied Baseball Rivalry". lancasterbarnstormers.com. Lancaster Barnstormers & Keystone Baseball. April 4, 2007. Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  85. ^ a b McClure, Jim (June 16, 2007). "Lineup full of sports stars with York County links". York Town Square. York Newspaper Company.
  86. ^ "Andre Powell". databasefootball.com. databaseSports.com. Archived from the original on January 13, 2009. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
  87. ^ McClure, Jim (December 17, 2007). "York County has produced star NFL players". York Town Square. York Newspaper Company.
  88. ^ "Lincoln Kennedy". Oakland Raiders Online. Archived from the original on July 24, 2008. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
  89. ^ "Lincoln Kennedy Statistics". pro-football-reference.com. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
  90. ^ McClure, Jim (February 6, 2011). "York County, Pa.'s steel and green links to the Super Bowl". York Town Square. York Newspaper Company. Retrieved April 30, 2011.
  91. ^ McClure, Jim (February 5, 2009). "Names of stars from York County with pro sports links just keep increasing". York Town Square. York Newspaper Company. Retrieved April 30, 2011.
  92. ^ "Jon Witman and wife Michelle on his struggle with addictive opioid pain medications and their life now". PennLive. March 21, 2018. Retrieved June 16, 2018. A decade and a half of football, first at Eastern York High
  93. ^ Walk, John (December 6, 2012). "York Capitals introduce their first four players". York Dispatch. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  94. ^ Navaroli, Steve (June 24, 2009). "World's best descend on York Barbell". ydr.inyork.com. Archived from the original on November 23, 2018. Retrieved July 7, 2009. Powerlifters big and small will descend upon York this weekend for the International Powerlifting Association's World Powerlifting and Bench Press Championships at York Barbell.
  95. ^ "Dorkin' Videos". 23mag BMX. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  96. ^ "The Plywood Hoods ruined my life: the Brett Downs Interview". Global Flat. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  97. ^ "Standing 2006". Colonial Football Alliance. October 14, 2006. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  98. ^ "The Pogo Squad in the St. Patrick's Day Parade". Leech Video. 2005. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2007.
  99. ^ "Book the Pogo Squad". The Pogo Spot. Retrieved September 6, 2007.
  100. ^ Burke, Melissa Nann (September 2, 2007). "A leap ahead". York Daily Record. Archived from the original on September 4, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2007.
  101. ^ "Reid Menzer Memorial Skatepark". Archived from the original on March 22, 2008. Retrieved February 29, 2008.
  102. ^ "York US30 Dragway". Vintage Racer. Archived from the original on May 17, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2008.
  103. ^ Downes, M (December 13, 2017). "2019 PDGA Majors Announced". PDGA. Retrieved April 24, 2018.
  104. ^ "The York Project: Race & the '08 Vote". Propagandica. March 17, 2009. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved June 19, 2009.
  105. ^ "All Things Considered". NPR. June 19, 2009. Archived from the original on June 19, 2009. Retrieved June 19, 2009.
  106. ^ Christopher, Anna (September 21, 2010). "Michele Norris and 'The Grace of Silence': 34-city tour, Today Show clip". NPR. Retrieved May 11, 2015.
  107. ^ Barnes, Tom (November 5, 2009). "Harrisburg, York make history". post-gazette.com. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved November 18, 2009. In York, Kim Bracey, the city's ex-economic development director and a retired Air Force sergeant, became the first African-American and only the second woman (after Elizabeth Marshall, who is white, in 1978) to be elected mayor.
  108. ^ Haber, Gary (November 7, 2017). "Michael Helfrich defeats Kim Bracey in York mayor's race". York Daily Record. Retrieved November 7, 2017.
  109. ^ Argento, Mike (January 3, 2024). "Helfrich says he won't seek re-election as York mayor in 2025, endorses Mike Muldrow". York Daily Record. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
  110. ^ "Lincoln Charter School / Homepage". lcs.schoolwires.net. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  111. ^ "Helen Thackston Charter School | BE – Believe in Education". helenthackston.org. Archived from the original on January 11, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  112. ^ "History". yorkacademy.com. Archived from the original on July 26, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  113. ^ "Message from the President". Bradley Academy for the Visual Arts. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved August 26, 2007.
  114. ^ "WRCT – White Rose Community Television". Wrct.tv. Retrieved December 23, 2015.
  115. ^ Leonardi, Joe. Scranton City Council, The Plot Thickens. March 29, 2007. Retrieved on May 1, 2007.
  116. ^ 22, 2005 York City Council Minutes[permanent dead link‍]. March 22, 2005. Retrieved on May 1, 2007.
  117. ^ Susquehanna Communications: About SusCom Archived November 16, 2007, at the Wayback Machine
  118. ^ "York Department of Fire/Rescue Services". City of York, Pennsylvania. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  119. ^ "Fire Services". Manchester Township, York County, Pennsylvania. Retrieved August 12, 2022. In 2010, Manchester Township began... to gradually integrate... into the... York Area United Fire and Rescue... [and in 2018] became the third charter municipality to participate in the... regional fire department.
  120. ^ "Rabbit Transit Annual Report" (PDF). York County Transportation Authority. 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2007.[dead link‍]
  121. ^ Dresser, Michael (February 2, 2009). "New bus line from York connects to light rail". The Baltimore Sun. Retrieved May 28, 2017.
  122. ^ "Map of Route 83S Monday – Friday". RabbitTransit. Retrieved August 30, 2015.
  123. ^ Berman, Dori. "Commuter bus line may link York, Pa. and Hunt Valley Archived January 13, 2016, at the Wayback Machine". The (Baltimore) Daily Record. November 20, 2006. Retrieved on May 3, 2007.
  124. ^ "Daily Bus Service to Philadelphia, PA". Bieber Transportation Group. January 8, 2017. Archived from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  125. ^ "Daily Bus Service to New York City, NY". Bieber Transportation Group. January 8, 2017. Archived from the original on February 8, 2017. Retrieved February 6, 2017.
  126. ^ Mekeel, Tim (July 27, 2018). "New Partnership Restores Daily Bus Service". Lancaster Online. Retrieved November 2, 2018.
  127. ^ Brown, Eric H. "The Penn Texas". StreamlinerSchedules.com.
  128. ^ "Red Arrow". American Rails. Retrieved May 10, 2020.
  129. ^ Klimanis, Daina (April 27, 2007). "York transportation panel says light rail too costly". The York Dispatch. Archived from the original on October 16, 2015. Retrieved May 3, 2007.
  130. ^ "Home". yorktwinning.com. York Twinning Association. Retrieved March 10, 2022.
edit
 
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for York, PA.
Preceded by Capital of the United States
of America
1777–1778 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=York,_Pennsylvania&oldid=1250226669"
  NODES
eth 6
games 2
News 13
orte 1
punk 1
see 6
Story 19