Beard is a slang term, American in origin, describing a person who is used, knowingly or unknowingly, as a date, romantic partner (boyfriend or girlfriend), or spouse either to conceal infidelity or to conceal one's sexual orientation.[1][2] The term also refers, in some areas, to anyone who acted on behalf of another, in any transaction, to conceal a person's true identity.[3][1] The term can be used in heterosexual and non-heterosexual contexts but is especially used within LGBTQ+ culture.[3][4] References to beards are seen in mainstream television and films, and other entertainment.
History
editThe usage of the term beard, also known as lavender dating or front dating, dates to the 20th century, prior to the gay rights movements.[2] This was at a time when homosexual relationships had not yet gained public acceptance in the Western world.[2] Often, in the early to mid-20th century, a beard companion was used by homosexual individuals to conceal one's sexual orientation through the disguise of a heterosexual relationship. This relationship typically was between a lesbian and a gay man in an attempt to dispel rumors of homo-orientation.[2] In some situations, such as that of Vita Sackville-West and Harold Nicolson, the pair in the beard relationship may have children together despite a lack of sexual attraction.[2] Today, the term beard or lavender dating is used less as a result of greater acceptance of homosexuality in both the United States and Western Europe, but is still occasionally used by young individuals from traditional communities or conservative countries.[2]
Concealing infidelity
editIn early usage of the term, a beard scenario involved concealing infidelity in a monogamous relationship.[4][5] In a typical scenario, X and Y are in a supposedly exclusive relationship, but X is actually cheating with Z. However, to prevent Y from learning about X's infidelity, W, the "beard", pretends to be paired with Z. Such a scenario is a central premise of Woody Allen's 1984 film Broadway Danny Rose. The titular talent agent is the beard, pretending to date Tina, a single woman who is actually having an affair with married singer Lou Canova, Danny's client. By posing as Tina's date, Danny can bring her to Lou's performance without drawing attention from Lou's suspicious wife. The term "beard" is a running gag, used four times (e.g., "I'm only the beard") when Tina's ex assumes Danny is Tina's previously mysterious lover.
Concealing sexual orientation
editMany of the reported lavender marriages of the 1920s in Hollywood, and the similar reported romantic marriage of Rock Hudson (mid-1950s) employed the same usage. In Hudson's case, Phyllis Gates acted as his beard to avert the damage that the disclosure of Hudson's homosexuality[6] might have caused to his career.
In a 2011 interview, Betty White stated that she often served as a beard to Liberace to counter rumors of his homosexuality.[7]
Such relationships can cause legal and emotional issues for both parties, particularly when they end.[8][9]
See also
edit- Alter ego
- Closet Jew
- Defense mechanism
- Down-low (sexual slang)
- Dramaturgy (sociology)
- Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
- Fag hag
- He never married
- Heterosexual relationships among LGBT people
- Lavender marriage
- Medieval singlewomen
- Minority stress
- Passing
- Persona (psychology)
- Pronoun game
- Shibboleth
- Stigma management
- Undercover
References
edit- ^ a b "beard: definition of beard in Oxford dictionary (British & World English)". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press. 2014-06-03. Archived from the original on 25 July 2014. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
- ^ a b c d e f Faderman, Lillian (2008). "Four - Hiding in Plain Sight: Lavender Dating in the Mid-Twentieth Century". In McAuliffe, Mary; Tiernan, Sonja (eds.). Tribades, Tommies and Transgressives; History of Sexualities. Vol. I. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. pp. 78–86. ISBN 9781443807883.
- ^ a b Green, Jonathon (1998). "beard". Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. London: Cassell. ISBN 9780304344352. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- ^ a b Green, Jonathon (2005). Cassell's Dictionary of Slang. p. 83. ISBN 9780304366361.
- ^ Eric Partridge; Tom Dalzell; Terry Victor (2006). The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English: A-I. p. 114. ISBN 9780415259378.
- ^ Tyrkus, Michael (1997). Gay & Lesbian Biography. St. James Press. ISBN 978-1558622371.
- ^ "Betty White: Bea Arthur was not fond of me". YouTube. CNN. May 4, 2011. Archived from the original on 2021-12-13. Retrieved April 5, 2021.
- ^ "Va. Supreme Court recognizes unmarried same-sex couples are legal too". Washington Post. Retrieved 2016-05-06.
- ^ Gross, Jane (2006-08-03). "When the Beard Is Too Painful to Remove". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-05-06.