Ceratopetalum gummiferum, the New South Wales Christmas bush, is a tall shrub or small tree popular in cultivation due to its sepals that turn bright red-pink at around Christmas time. The petals are actually small and white - it is the sepals that enlarge to about 12mm after the flower sets fruit and starts to dry out.[1]
| New South Wales Christmas bush | |
|---|---|
| |
| Flowering branch of Ceratopetalum gummiferum | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Oxalidales |
| Family: | Cunoniaceae |
| Genus: | Ceratopetalum |
| Species: | C. gummiferum
|
| Binomial name | |
| Ceratopetalum gummiferum | |
The specific name gummiferum alludes to the large amounts of gum that is discharged from cut bark.
Description
edit
Plants initially grow as rounded shrubs but mature to pyramidical trees.[2] The leaves comprise three leaflets and are up to 8 cm long. The petioles are grooved on the upper side and are 10 to 20 mm long.[1] Small, white five-petalled flowers appear in sprays from October in the species' native range. As these die the sepals enlarge and become pink to red in colour, the display peaking at Christmas time in Australia.[2]
Taxonomy
editCeratopatalum gummiferum is one of nine species in the genus Ceratopetalum which occur in Australia and Papua New Guinea. The species was first formally described by English botanist James Edward Smith in 1793 in A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland[3]
Distribution and habitat
editThe species is endemic to New South Wales where it occurs to the east of the Great Dividing Range from Ulladulla in the south to Evans Head in the north.[1]
Cultivation
editIn cultivation, plants usually grow to no more than 6 metres in height.[2] Plants may be propagated from seed or cuttings, the latter method being preferred to maintain good colour forms.[4] Well-drained soil is required to avoid problems with dieback associated with root-rot fungus.[2] The psyllid Cerotrioza nigromacula is a serious pest, causing leaf curling and (via growth of sooty mould) blackening of foliage. Severe infestations of C. nigromacula can stunt growth.[5]
References
edit
- ^ a b c G. J. Harden. "New South Wales Flora Online: Ceratopetalum gummiferum". Royal Botanic Gardens & Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia.
- ^ a b c d "Ceratopetalum gummiferum". Growing Native Plants. Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ "Ceratopetalum gummiferum". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government, Canberra. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ "Ceratopatalum gummiferum". Australian Native Plants Society (Australia). Retrieved 26 December 2011.
- ^ Taylor, Gary; Gollnow, Bettina; Worrall, Ross (2008). "A new species of Cerotrioza Crawford (Hemiptera: Triozidae) damaging New South Wales Christmas Bush, Ceratopetalum gummiferum, in eastern Australia". Australian Journal of Entomology. 47 (4): 330–335. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.2008.00664.x. ISSN 1326-6756.