Vermin (colloquially varmint(s)[1] or varmit(s)) are pests or nuisance animals that spread diseases and destroy crops, livestock, and property. Since the term is defined in relation to human activities, which species are included vary by region and enterprise.
The term derives from the Latin vermis (worm), and was originally used for the worm-like larvae of certain insects, many of which infest foodstuffs.[2] The term varmint (and vermint) has been found in sources from c. 1530–1540s.[1][3]
Definition
editThe term "vermin" is used to refer to a wide scope of organisms, including rodents (such as rats), cockroaches, termites, bed bugs,[4] stoats, sables.
Historically, in the 16th and 17th century, the expression also became used as a derogatory term associated with groups of persons typically plagued by vermin, namely beggars and vagabonds, and more generally the poor.[5]
Disease-carrying rodents and insects are the usual case, but the term is also applied to larger animals—especially small predators—typically because they consume resources which humans consider theirs, such as livestock and crops. Birds which eat cereal crops and fruit are an example. The American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), is widely hated by farmers because of crop depredation. Pigeons, which have been widely introduced in urban environments, are also sometimes considered vermin. Some varieties of snakes and arachnids may also be referred to as vermin. "Vermin" is also used by some people as a term of abuse, either individually or collectively.[1]
Varmint
editVarmint or varmit is an American-English colloquialism, a corruption of "vermin" particularly common to the American East and South-east within the nearby bordering states of the vast Appalachia region. The term describes species which raid farms from without, as opposed to vermin (such as rats) that infest from within, thus referring mainly to predators such as feral dogs, foxes, weasels, and coyotes, sometimes even wolves or rarely bears, but also, to a lesser degree, herbivores and burrowing animals that directly damage crops and land.
Although "varmint/varmit" is not the prevalent usage in Standard Written English, it is a common descriptor for certain kinds of weapons and pest control situations in the Appalachian and nearby states and the American West and South-west which have adopted terms such as varmint rifle and varmint hunting.
Deterioration of balance
editAny species can develop into vermin if introduced into a region where there are favorable living conditions and few natural predators. In such cases, they are seen as an invasive species and humans often choose to fill the role of the predator to limit the danger to the environment. Examples of vermin include goats on the Galápagos Islands, rabbits in Australia or cats on Prince Edward Islands. Rats, mice, and cockroaches are common urban and suburban vermin.
United Kingdom
editUnder Tudor "vermin laws", many creatures were seen as competitors for the produce of the countryside and bounties were paid by the parish for their carcasses. The declaration of the red kite as vermin led to its decline to the point of extirpation in the UK by the 20th century. However, the red kite has since been reintroduced to much of Scotland and the majority of England and Wales by the trans-location of breeding pairs from other parts of Europe.[6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Varmint definition". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
Origin: 1530–40; var. of vermin
- ^ "Vermin". Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Britannica Publishing. Retrieved 13 December 2006.
- ^ "Vermint" cited in England in 1539, Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed
- ^ Phillipa Bellemore (November 2006). Tenants' Rights Manual: A Practical Guide to Renting in NSW. Federation Press. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-86287-557-9.
- ^ Karen Raber (24 September 2013). Animal Bodies, Renaissance Culture. University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 978-0-8122-0859-7.
- ^ McCarthy, Michael (23 March 2007). "Book Review: Silent Field, By Roger Lovegrove: songbirds versus shotguns". The Independent. Archived from the original on 11 August 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
External links
edit
The dictionary definition of vermin at Wiktionary- The New Brunswick Ministry of Natural Resources
- Smith, Robert (Rat-catcher) (1786) The universal directory for taking alive and destroying rats: and all other kinds of four-footed and winged vermin, in a method hitherto unattempted: calculated for the use of the gentleman, the farmer, and the warrener.
