πάλιν

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• πᾰ́λῐ (páli)

Etymology

Frozen adverbial accusative of *πάλις (*pális) from Proto-Indo-European *kʷl̥His, from *kʷel- (“to revolve”) (whence πέλω (pélō, “to go, be”) and πάλαι (pálai, “before, long ago”)).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pá.lin/ → /ˈpa.lin/ → /ˈpa.lin/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pá.lin/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.lin/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.lin/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.lin/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.lin/

Adverb

πᾰ́λῐν • (pálin)

1. (of place) back, backwards
   • 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 5.72
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 854
   • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 601
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 962
   • 431 BCE, Euripides, Medea 412
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.116
   • 440 BCE – 390 BCE, Andocides, Collected Works 22.34
   • 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1021
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.138
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.125
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 18.280
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 11.149
   • 750 BCE – 650 BCE, Hesiod, Theogony 181
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 53
   • 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 601
   • 425 BCE, Aristophanes, Lysistrata 792
   • 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 1486
   • 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 318E
   • 408 BCE, Euripides, Orestes 125
   1. (with a notion of contradiction)
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 9.56
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 4.357
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 13.254
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.456
      • 467 BCE, Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 1040
      • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 482D
      • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 612D
      • 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 507B
      • 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 11
      • 416 BCE, Euripides, Herakles 778
2. (of time) again, once more, anew
   • 429 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus the King 1166
   • 421 BCE, Aristophanes, Peace 997
   • 64 BCE – 24 CE, Strabo, Geography 787
   • 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, Various History 1.4
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.276
   • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 16.456
3. again, in turn, doubly
   • 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 731

Derived terms

• παλίμψηστος (palímpsēstos)
• πᾰλῐ́ντονος (palíntonos)
• πᾰλῐ́ρροχθος (palírrhokhthos)

 

Descendants

• Greek: πάλι (páli)
• → Coptic: ⲡⲁⲗⲓⲛ (palin)

Further reading

• “πάλιν”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πάλιν”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πάλιν”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πάλιν in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πάλιν in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “πάλιν”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G3825 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • again idem, page 17.
  • back idem, page 57.