σῶμα
See also: σώμα
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editOf disputed origin:[1]
- Maybe from Proto-Hellenic *twṓmə, from Proto-Indo-European *twoH-mn̥ (“compactness, swelling”), derived from *tewh₂- (“to swell”) + *-mn̥ (“nominal suffix”), and compared with σωρός (sōrós, “heap”). However, as Beekes notes in his entry on σῶς (sôs, “safe, healthy”), such an o-grade formation is rather strange.[2]
- Alternatively, from Proto-Hellenic *styṓmə, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tyoH-mn̥ (“what has stiffened”), derived from *styeH- (“to stiffen”) + *-mn̥, and compared with Sanskrit स्त्या (styā, “to flow, get stiff”).[3]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /sɔ̂ː.ma/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈso.ma/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈso.ma/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈso.ma/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈso.ma/
Noun
editσῶμα • (sôma) n (genitive σώματος); third declension
- body (both that of people and animals)
- (Homeric and often in other early works) dead body
- One's life in the physical world
- That which is material (as opposed to spiritual)
- person
- An entire thing
- (mathematics) three-dimensional object
Declension
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ σῶμᾰ tò sôma |
τὼ σώμᾰτε tṑ sṓmate |
τᾰ̀ σώμᾰτᾰ tà sṓmata | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ σώμᾰτος toû sṓmatos |
τοῖν σωμᾰ́τοιν toîn sōmátoin |
τῶν σωμᾰ́των tôn sōmátōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ σώμᾰτῐ tôi sṓmati |
τοῖν σωμᾰ́τοιν toîn sōmátoin |
τοῖς σώμᾰσῐ / σώμᾰσῐν toîs sṓmasi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ σῶμᾰ tò sôma |
τὼ σώμᾰτε tṑ sṓmate |
τᾰ̀ σώμᾰτᾰ tà sṓmata | ||||||||||
Vocative | σῶμᾰ sôma |
σώμᾰτε sṓmate |
σώμᾰτᾰ sṓmata | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “σῶς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1440-1
- ^ Frisk, Hjalmar (1972) “σῶμα”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, pages 842-43
Further reading
edit- “σῶμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- σῶμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- σῶμα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- G4983 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- bodily idem, page 87.
- body idem, page 87.
- constitution idem, page 164.
- constitutional idem, page 165.
- corporal idem, page 174.
- corpse idem, page 174.
- flesh idem, page 327.
- frame idem, page 342.
- health idem, page 391.
- person idem, page 608.
- personal idem, page 608.
- physique idem, page 611.
- stature idem, page 813.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *tewh₂-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek properispomenon terms
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns
- Ancient Greek third-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the third declension
- Epic Greek
- grc:Mathematics
- grc:Human
- grc:Life
- grc:Body