горе

Bulgarian

Etymology

From the fossilized locative or dative singular of Proto-Slavic *gorà (“mountain”, literally “to/on the mountain”); compare гора́ (gorá, “mountain”, archaic). Stress shift onto the stem is expected in the locative singular but not the dative singular. However, the parallelism with до́лу (dólu, “down”) (which is definitely derived from a dative singular) suggests that this term, too, may derive from the dative singular, with stress shift by analogy with до́лу (dólu).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɔrɛ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

го́ре • (góre) (comparative по́-го́ре, superlative на́й-го́ре)

1. up (as a direction)
2. high up (as a position)
3. above
4. higher (in a hierarchy)

Antonyms

• до́лу (dólu, “down”)

Derived terms

• го́рен (góren, “upper, top”)
• наго́ре (nagóre, “up, upwards”)

References

• “горе”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “горе”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Anagrams

• ерго (ergo)

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɔɾɛ]

Adverb

горе • (gore) (comparative погоре, superlative најгоре)

1. up, upward

See also

• нагоре (nagore)
• угоре (ugore)

Russian

Etymology 1

Related to горе́ть (gorétʹ, “to burn, to be consumed by fire”). Cognates include Ukrainian го́ре (hóre), Belarusian го́ра (hóra). Inherited from Proto-Slavic *goře. For similar meaning change compare печа́ль (pečálʹ, “sadness, grief, sorrow”) related to печь (pečʹ, “to bake”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡorʲe]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

го́ре • (góre) n inan (genitive го́ря, nominative plural го́ря, genitive plural горь, diminutive го́рюшко)

1. (usually uncountable) grief, distress, sadness
2. (usually uncountable) trouble
3. (usually uncountable) misfortune, disaster

Declension

Declension of го́ре (inan neut-form soft-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	го́ре góre	*го́ря *górja
genitive	го́ря górja	*го́рь *górʹ
dative	го́рю górju	*го́рям *górjam
accusative	го́ре góre	*го́ря *górja
instrumental	го́рем górem	*го́рями *górjami
prepositional	го́ре góre	*го́рях *górjax

Pre-reform declension of го́ре (inan neut-form soft-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	го́ре góre	*го́ря *górja
genitive	го́ря górja	*го́рь *górʹ
dative	го́рю górju	*го́рямъ *górjam
accusative	го́ре góre	*го́ря *górja
instrumental	го́ремъ górem	*го́рями *górjami
prepositional	го́рѣ górě	*го́ряхъ *górjax

Derived terms

• го́рький (górʹkij), го́рько (górʹko), го́ре- (góre-)

Related terms

• горева́ть (gorevátʹ)
• го́речь (górečʹ)

Descendants

• → Komi-Zyrian: гӧре (göre) — dialectal
• → Ter Sami: кыэрръя (kïerrja)

Adverb

го́ре • (góre)

1. placed before a word to express one's view that something or someone is not worthy of being called as such; so-called, poor excuse for

   го́ре-кри́тик ― góre-krítik ― criticaster

Descendants

• → Armenian: վայ (vay) (semantic loan)
• → Georgian: ვაი (vai) (semantic loan)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡɐˈrʲe]

Adverb

горе́ • (goré)

1. (literary, obsolete) up

   Synonyms: кве́рху (kvérxu), вверх (vverx), наве́рх (navérx)

   возвести́ о́чи горе́ ― vozvestí óči goré ― to look up

   возде́ть ру́ки горе́ ― vozdétʹ rúki goré ― to raise one's hands

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡɐˈrʲe]

Noun

горе́ • (goré) f inan

1. dative/prepositional singular of гора́ (gorá, “mountain / heap”)
   • 1876, Russian Synodal Bible, Mark 13:3:

     И когда Он сидел на горе Елеонской против храма, спрашивали Его наедине Петр, и Иаков, и Иоанн, и Андрей…

     I kogda On sidel na gore Jeleonskoj protiv xrama, sprašivali Jevo najedine Petr, i Iakov, i Ioann, i Andrej…

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡôre/
• Hyphenation: го‧ре

Adverb

го̏ре (Latin spelling gȍre)

1. up, above

Further reading

• “горе”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡôreː/
• Hyphenation: го‧ре

Adverb

го̏ре̄ (Latin spelling gȍrē)

1. worse

Further reading

• “горе”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2024

Ukrainian

Etymology

Related to горі́ти (horíty, “to burn, to be consumed by fire”). Cognates include Russian го́ре (góre), Belarusian го́ра (hóra).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɦɔre]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

го́ре • (hóre) n inan (genitive го́ря, uncountable)

1. (uncountable) grief, distress, sadness
2. (uncountable) trouble
3. (uncountable) misfortune, disaster

Declension

Declension of го́ре (inan sg-only soft neut-form accent-a)

	singular
nominative	го́ре hóre
genitive	го́ря hórja
dative	го́рю hórju
accusative	го́ре hóre
instrumental	го́рем hórem
locative	го́рі hóri
vocative	го́ре hóre

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “горе”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “горе”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)