ܐܝܕܐ

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

ܐܝܕܐ

From Aramaic יְדָא (yəḏā), from Proto-Semitic *yad-; compare Arabic يَد (yad), Hebrew יָד (yád) and Akkadian 𒀉 (idum, “arm”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʔiːðɑː]
• (Nineveh Plains) IPA^(key): [ʔiːdɑː]

Noun

ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ • (īḏā) f sg (plural ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܹܐ (īḏē) or ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (īḏāṯā) or ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܲܘܵܬ݂ܵܐ (īḏawwāṯā))

1. (anatomy) hand

   ܫܓ݂ܝܼܫ ܠܹܗ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܝܼ. ― He shook my hand.

   ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ̈ ܠܵܐ ܡܵܪܥܝܼ ― īḏāḵ lā mārˁī ― May your hands not hurt

   ܝܼܠܵܗ̇ ܒܐܝܼܕ݂ܝܼ ― īlāh bīḏī ― I can control it/it is in my power (literally, “It is in my hand”)

   ܓܲܒ݂ܪܵܐ ܪܓ݂ܝܼܙ ܠܹܗ ܘܡܨܘܼܪܦܸܚ ܠܹܗ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܹܗ ܥܲܠ ܦܵܬ݂ܘܿܪܵܐ. ― gaḇrā rḡīz lēh w-mṣurpiḥ lēh īḏēh ˁal pāṯōrā. ― The man got angry and slapped his hand on the table.

   • 1 Peter 1:5:

     ܒܵܣ ܡܲܟܦܘܼܢ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܬ݇ܚܘܿܬ݂ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܚܲܝܠܵܢܝܼܬ݂ܵܐ ܕܐܲܠܵܗܵܐ، ܕܡܲܪܸܡ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ ܒܥܸܕܵܢܵܐ ܚܫܝܼܚܬܵܐ.

     bās makpūn nafšḵōn ḥōṯ īḏā ḥaylānīṯā d-allāhā, d-marrim lāwḵōn b-ˁiddānā ḥšīḥtā.

     Therefore humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God, that He may exalt you in due time.

2. (animal anatomy) paw
3. (card games) hand
4. (soccer) hand foul
5. (figuratively) power, might, dominion

Usage notes

• The plural ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܹܐ (īḏē) is used for literal or animate senses of the same possession while ܐܝܼ̈ܕ݂ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (īḏāṯā) is used for the possession of more than one as well as for figurative or inanimate senses.

Inflection

Inflection of ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f
singular	absolute	–		1st person	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܝܼ (īḏī)		ܐܝܼܕ݂ܲܢ (īḏan)
	construct	ܝܲܕ݂ (yaḏ)		2nd person	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܘܼܟ݂ (īḏūḵ)	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܟ݂ܝ (īḏāḵ)	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (īḏāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (īḏā)		3rd person	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܹܗ (īḏēh)	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܗ̇ (īḏāh)	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܗܘܿܢ (īḏhōn)
plural	absolute	–		1st person	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬܝܼ̈ (īḏātī)		ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬܲܢ̈ (īḏātan)
	construct	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬ̈ (īḏāt)		2nd person	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (īḏātūḵ)	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (īḏātāḵ)	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (īḏātāwḵōn)
	emphatic	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬܹ̈ܐ (īḏātē)		3rd person	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬܘܼ̈ܗܝ (īḏātūh)	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (īḏātōh)	ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܬܗ̈ܘܿܢ (īḏāthōn)

Derived terms

• ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ ܒܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (īḏā b-īḏā, “hand in hand”)
• ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܢܵܐ (īḏānā, “handy”)
• ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܢܵܝܵܐ (īḏānāyā, “manual”)
• ܒܝܲܕ݂ (byaḏ, “by”)
• ܩܲܕ݇ܡ ܐܝܼܕ݂ܵܐ (qam īḏā, “at hand”)

 

Etymology 2

Inherited from Aramaic אַיְדָּא (ʾaydā), from אַי (ʾay) +‎ הָדֵּא (hāḏē, “this”), hence from Proto-Semitic *ʔayy-; compare Hebrew אֵיזוֹ (éizo) and Arabic أَيَّة (ʔayya).

Pronunciation

• (Standard) IPA^(key): [ʔay.daː.]

Pronoun

ܐܲܝܕܵܐ • (aydā) (masculine ܐܲܝܢܵܐ (aynā), plural ܐܲܝܠܹܝܢ (aylēn))

1. (interrogative) which

   ܐܲܝܕܵܐ ܟܵܘܬ݂ܵܐ ܦܬ݂ܝܼܚܬܵܐ ܝܗ݇ܘܵܬ݇. ― aydā kāwṯā pṯīḥtā ìwā. ― Which window was open?

   ܠܵܐ ܟܹܐ ܝܵܕ݂ܥܹܢ ܐܲܝܕܵܐ ܓܘܼܒܬ݂ܵܐ ܕܟܹܐ ܡܫܲܥܠܹܐ. ― lā kē yāḏˁēn aydā gubṯā d-kē mšaˁlē. ― I don't know which cheese he prefers.

Usage notes

Many dialects only use the masculine form regardless of gender or plural.

Derived terms

• ܐܲܝܕܵܐ ܕܗܵܘܝܵܐ (aydā d-hāwyā, “Whichever one; Any of them.”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *yad-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʔiðɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʔiðe(ʔ)], [ʔiðajjɑ(ʔ)], [ʔiðawwɑθɑ(ʔ)], [ʔiðahhɑθɑ(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܐܝܕܐ • (ˀīḏā) f (plural ܐܝܕܗܬܐ or ܐܝܕܘܬܐ or ܐܝܕܝܐ or ܐܝܕܐ)

1. (anatomy) hand; forearm, arm
2. fist
3. (animal anatomy) paw, forepaw
4. glove
5. armrest
6. handle
7. axle (of a wheel)
8. clapper (of a bell)
9. side, bank, shore
10. (figuratively) power, might, dominion
11. (figuratively) laying on of hands, ordination

Usage notes

Usually, the plurals ܐܝܕܐ (ʾīḏēʾ) and ܐܝܕܝܐ (ʾīḏayyāʾ) are used for literal or animate senses while ܐܝܕܘܬܐ (ʾīḏawwāṯāʾ) and ܐܝܕܗܬܐ (ʾīḏahhāṯāʾ) are used for figurative or inanimate senses.

Inflection

Inflection of ܐܝܕܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܝܕ		1st person	ܐܝܕܝ		ܐܝܕܢ
	construct	ܐܝܕ ,ܝܕ		2nd person	ܐܝܕܟ	ܐܝܕܟܝ	ܐܝܕܟܘܢ	ܐܝܕܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܐܝܕܐ		3rd person	ܐܝܕܗ	ܐܝܕܗ	ܐܝܕܗܘܢ	ܐܝܕܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܐܝܕܗܢ, ܐܝܕܘܢ, ܐܝܕܝܢ		1st person	ܐܝܕܗܬܝ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܝ ,ܐܝܕܝ		ܐܝܕܗܬܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܢ
	construct	ܐܝܕܗܬ, ܐܝܕܘܬ, ܐܝܕܝ		2nd person	ܐܝܕܗܬܟ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܟ ,ܐܝܕܝܟ	ܐܝܕܗܬܟܝ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܟܝ ,ܐܝܕܝܟܝ	ܐܝܕܗܬܟܘܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܟܘܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܟܘܢ	ܐܝܕܗܬܟܝܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܟܝܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܐܝܕܗܬܐ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܐ ,ܐܝܕܝܐ ,ܐܝܕܐ		3rd person	ܐܝܕܗܬܗ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܗ ,ܐܝܕܘܗܝ	ܐܝܕܗܬܗ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܗ ,ܐܝܕܝܗ	ܐܝܕܗܬܗܘܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܗܘܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ	ܐܝܕܗܬܗܝܢ ,ܐܝܕܘܬܗܝܢ ,ܐܝܕܝܗܝܢ

Derived terms

• ܒܝܕ
• ܒܪ ܐܝܕܐ
• ܟܬܒܬ ܐܝܕܐ

Synonyms

• ܙܪܬܐ

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ʔe(j)ðɑ(ʔ)] (singular)
• IPA^(key): [ʔe(j)ðe(ʔ)] (plural)

Noun

ܐܝܕܐ • (transliteration needed) m (plural ܐܝܕܐ)

1. Alternative form of ܥܐܕܐ

Inflection

Inflection of ܐܝܕܐ

	isolated forms			with possessive pronouns
	state	form		person	singular		plural
					m	f	m	f
singular	absolute	ܐܝܕ		1st person	ܐܝܕܝ		ܐܝܕܢ
	construct	ܐܝܕ		2nd person	ܐܝܕܟ	ܐܝܕܟܝ	ܐܝܕܟܘܢ	ܐܝܕܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܐܝܕܐ		3rd person	ܐܝܕܗ	ܐܝܕܗ	ܐܝܕܗܘܢ	ܐܝܕܗܝܢ
plural	absolute	ܐܝܕܝܢ		1st person	ܐܝܕܝ		ܐܝܕܝܢ
	construct	ܐܝܕܝ		2nd person	ܐܝܕܝܟ	ܐܝܕܝܟܝ	ܐܝܕܝܟܘܢ	ܐܝܕܝܟܝܢ
	emphatic	ܐܝܕܐ		3rd person	ܐܝܕܘܗܝ	ܐܝܕܝܗ	ܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ	ܐܝܕܝܗܝܢ

References

• “yd”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
• Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 136b-137a
• Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, p. 186a
• Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 31b

Turoyo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

ܐܝܕ݂ܳܐ • (iḏo) f (plural ܐܝܕ݂ܶܐ (iḏe) or ܐܝܕ݂ܳܬ݂ܶܐ (iḏoṯe))

1. (anatomy) hand