Wiktionary

于

See also: 千, 干, 子, 𠂌, チ, 扵, 於, and モ
于 U+4E8E, 于
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8E
← 亍
[U+4E8D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亏 →
[U+4E8F]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 

Han character

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于 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一木 (MD), four-corner 10400, composition ⿱一𬺰 or ⿻二亅 or ⿻丁一)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 252
  • Dae Jaweon: page 177, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 4, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E8E

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 于
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
 
j11694
 
j11695
 
j11696
 
j11697
 
j11698
 
j11699
 
j11700
 
j11701
 
j11702
 
j11703
 
j11704
 
j11705
 
j11706
 
j11707
 
j11708
 
j11709
 
j11710
 
j11711
 
j11712
 
j11713
 
j11714
 
j11715
 
j11716
 
j11717
 
j11718
 
j11719
 
j11720
 
j11721
 
j11722
 
j11723
 
j11724
 
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j11727
 
j11728
 
j11729
 
j11730
 
j11731
 
j11732
 
j11733
 
j11734
 
j11735
 
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j11738
 
j11739
 
j11740
 
j11741
 
j11742
 
j11743
 
j11744
 
j11745
 
j11746
 
j11747
 
j11748
 
j11749
 
j11750
 
j11751
 
j11752
 
j11753
 
j11754
 
j11755
 
j11756
 
j11757
 
j11758
 
j11759
 
j11760
 
j11761
 
j11762
 
j11763
 
j11764
 
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j11768
 
j11769
 
j11770
 
j11771
 
j11772
 
j11773
 
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j11775
 
j11776
 
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j11779
 
j11780
 
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j11784
 
j11785
 
j11786
 
j11787
 
j11788
 
j11789
 
j11790
 
j11791
 
j11792
 
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j11795
 
j11796
 
j11797
 
j11798
 
j11799
 
j11800
 
j11801
 
j11802
 
j11803
 
j11804
 
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j11806
 
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j11808
 
j11809
 
j11810
 
j11811
 
j11812
 
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j11814
 
j11815
 
j11816
 
j11817
 
j11818
 
j11819
 
j11820
 
j11821
 
j11822
 
j11823
 
j11824
 
j11825
 
j11826
 
j11827
 
j11828
 
j11829
 
j11830
 
j11831
 
j11832
 
j11833
 
j11834
 
j11835
 
j11836
 
j11837
 
j11838
 
j11839
 
j11840
 
j11841
 
j11842
 
j11843
 
j11844
 
j11845
 
j11846
 
j11847
 
j11848
 
j11849
 
j11850
 
j11851
 
j11852
 
j11853
 
j11854
 
j11855
 
j11856
 
j11857
 
j11858
 
j11859
 
j11860
 
j11861
 
j11862
 
j11863
 
j11864
 
j11865
 
j11866
 
j11867
 
j11868
 
j11869
 
j11870
 
j11871
 
j11872
 
j11873
 
j11874
 
j11875
 
j11876
 
j11877
 
j11878
 
j11879
 
j11880
 
j11881
 
j11882
 
j11883
 
j11884
 
j11885
 
j11886
 
j11887
 
j11888
 
j11889
 
j11890
 
j11891
 
b07161
 
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b07234
 
b07235
 
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b07238
 
b07239
 
b07240
 
b07241
 
b07242
 
s03515
Transcribed ancient scripts
 
L30498
 
L30499
 
L30500
 
L30501
 
L30502
 
L02603
 
L02604
 
L02605
 
L02606
 
L02607
 
L02608
 
L02609
 
L02610
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侉 *qaːls
夸 *kʰʷraː
姱 *kʰʷraː
胯 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇 *kʰʷraː
垮 *kʰʷraːʔ
銙 *kʰʷraːʔ
骻 *kʰʷraːʔ
咵 *kʰʷraːʔ
釫 *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦 *ɡʷraːs
鮬 *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀 *qʰʷl'aː
扝 *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳 *kʰʷaː
郀 *kʰʷaː
挎 *kʰʷaː
袴 *kʰʷaːs
絝 *kʰʷaːs
褲 *kʰʷaːs
恗 *qʰaː
洿 *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠 *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠 *ɢʷlaːʔ
污 *qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇 *qʷaː
圬 *qʷaː
鴮 *qʷaː
盓 *qʷaː
汙 *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗 *qʰʷl'a
摴 *qʰʷl'a
荂 *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩 *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁 *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱 *qʰʷa
訏 *qʰʷa
扜 *qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴 *qʰʷa
冔 *qʰʷaʔ
紆 *qʷa
陓 *qʷa
迂 *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶 *qʷa
于 *ɢʷa
盂 *ɢʷa
竽 *ɢʷa
邘 *ɢʷa
玗 *ɢʷa
芋 *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅 *ɢʷa
釪 *ɢʷa
骬 *ɢʷa
謣 *ɢʷla
宇 *ɢʷaʔ

Pictogram (象形) . Two possibilities for the object of representation are:

  • An ancient wind instrument; early form of 竽 (OC *ɢʷa). This view is supported by mainstream palaeography.
  • Exhaled air; early form of 吁 (OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas, “to sigh”). Shuowen considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 一 (“flat stream of air”) + 丂 (“to exhale”). Compare 乎, 兮, 号.

Unrelated to the bottom component of 得.

Etymology 1

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For pronunciation and definitions of 于 – see 於 (“Etymology 1”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 於).
Notes:

Etymology 2

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simp. and trad.
 于
alternative forms 亐 ancient
亏 ancient
𠂌／ancient
丂 *
* premodern lexicology definition

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-wa-ŋ (“to go; to come”). Related to 往 (OC *ɢʷaŋ, “to go to, to, towards”).

The preposition usages were replaced by 於 during the Han dynasty (Schuessler, 2007).

See entry 於 for the discussion of the developed homophony of 於 and 于.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 于
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羽俱切
Baxter hju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ɣio/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 于
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hju ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷ(r)a/
English go; at

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 于
Reading # 1/1
No. 15706
Phonetic
component 		于
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		于
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷa/
Notes 王筠雲籲初文

Definitions

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于

  1. (literary) to go to
  2. (literary) at
  3. (literary) A meaningless particle.
    鳳凰于飛／凤凰于飞 [Pre-Classical Chinese]  ―  fènghuáng yú fēi [Pinyin]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Etymology 3

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simp. and trad.
 于
alternative forms 亐 ancient
亏 ancient

Pronunciation

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Note: jyu4 - dated.
Rime
Character 于
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羽俱切
Baxter hju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ɣio/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 于 于
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hju › ‹ hju ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷ(r)a/ /*ɦʷa/ (< *ɢʷ(r)a)
English go; at 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 于
Reading # 1/1
No. 15706
Phonetic
component 		于
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		于
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷa/
Notes 王筠雲籲初文

Definitions

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于

  1. a surname
    于禁  ―  Yú Jìn  ―  Yu Jin (Chinese military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
  2. Used in several names and proper nouns.
    單于／单于  ―  chányú  ―  chief of the Xiongnu; a Chinese surname
    淳于  ―  Chúnyú  ―  a Chinese surname

Usage notes

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The surname 于 is to be distinguished from another surname 於. The surname 於 is still 於 in simplified Chinese.

Etymology 4

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simp. and trad.
 于
alternative forms 亐 ancient
亏 ancient

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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于

  1. (literary) Alternative form of 迂 (yū, “large; vast; wide”)

Etymology 5

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simp. and trad.
 于
alternative forms 亐 ancient
亏 ancient

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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于

  1. (literary) Alternative form of 吁 (interjection) that is used in 于嗟 (xūjiē) and 于咨.

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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于

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): う (u)、く (ku)
  • Kun: ここに (kokoni, 于に)、ゆく (yuku, 于く)

Korean

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Hanja

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于 (eum 우 (u))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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于: Hán Nôm readings: vu, vo, vò

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=于&oldid=82675926"
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