亟

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

亟 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 一水一 (MEM), four-corner 1010₄, composition ⿱⿻了叹一(G) or ⿱⿻丂叹一(TJKV))

Derived characters

𰂟, 㥛, 極, 殛, 䓧, 䩯

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 87, character 14
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 279
Dae Jaweon: page 184, character 7
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 55, character 7
Unihan data for U+4E9F

Chinese

trad.		亟
simp. ^#		亟
alternative forms		𠄹𠯉焏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 亟
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Oracle bone script j28200 j28201 Bronze inscriptions b18634 b18635 b18636 b18637 b18638 b18639 b18640 Small seal script s10126 Transcribed ancient scripts L20161 L20162 L20163 L20164
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (茍) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
亟	kʰɯɡs, kɯɡ
茍	*kɯɡ
殛	*kɯɡ
極	*ɡɯɡ

Originally ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : semantic 人 + semantic 二. The components 口 and 攴 (later simplified to 又) were added later. Unrelated to both 丂 and 了.

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jí (ji²)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gik¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jí
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jí
  - Wade–Giles: chi²
  - Yale: jí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyi
  - Palladius: цзи (czi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gik¹
  - Yale: gīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: gig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɪk̚⁵/

Middle Chinese: kik

Rime
Character	亟
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	紀力切
Baxter	kik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kik̚/
Li Rong	/kiək̚/
Wang Li	/kĭək̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ki̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ji
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*k(r)ək/

(Zhengzhang): /*kɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亟
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jí
Middle Chinese	‹ kik ›
Old Chinese	/*k(r)ək/
English	urgently
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亟
Reading #	2/2
No.	5736
Phonetic component	茍
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	殛
Old Chinese	/*kɯɡ/

Definitions

亟

urgently
urgent; pressing

Compounds

亟亟 (jíjí)
亟待 (jídài)
亟思
亟欲
亟需
孔亟 (kǒngjí)
需才孔亟

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qì (qi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kei³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cì
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi⁴
  - Yale: chì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chih
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kei³
  - Yale: kei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯³³/

Middle Chinese: khiH

Rime
Character	亟
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去吏切
Baxter	khiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨ^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiə^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭə^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰ(r)ək-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	亟
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qì
Middle Chinese	‹ khi^H ›
Old Chinese	/*kʰ(r)ək-s/
English	often
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	亟
Reading #	1/2
No.	5734
Phonetic component	茍
Rime group	志
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	亟
Old Chinese	/*kʰɯɡs/

Definitions

亟

(literary) repeatedly; frequently
愛共叔段，欲立之，亟請於武公，公弗許。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
爱共叔段，欲立之，亟请于武公，公弗许。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg
Ài Gōngshū Duàn, yù lì zhī, qì qǐng yú Wǔ Gōng, Gōng fú xǔ. [Pinyin]
She loved Gongshu Duan and wanted to establish him as heir. Time and again she asked this favor of Lord Wu, but the lord would not grant it.

References

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00058
“亟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

亟

(Hyōgai kanji)

sudden

Readings

Usage notes

Although in the JIS X 0208 specification as character 48-20, this character does not appear to be used in modern Japanese.

Korean

Hanja

亟 • (geuk, gi) (hangeul 극, 기, revised geuk, gi, McCune–Reischauer kŭk, ki, Yale kuk, ki)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

亟: Hán Nôm readings: cấc, cức, cực

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation