基礎

See also: 基础

Chinese

		base; foundation; basic base; foundation; basic; (chemistry) radical	foundation; base
trad. (基礎)		基	礎
simp. (基础)		基	础

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jīchǔ

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄔㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gei¹ co²
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî-chhú
Eastern Min (BUC): gĭ-chū
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): ki-chhó͘ / ki-chhiú

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi¹ co²
Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ¹ci-tshu₅ / ¹ci-tshou₃

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jīchǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄔㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jichǔ
  - Wade–Giles: chi¹-chʻu³
  - Yale: jī-chǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jichuu
  - Palladius: цзичу (cziču)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gei¹ co²
  - Yale: gēi chó
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gei¹ tso²
  - Guangdong Romanization: géi¹ co²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kei̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-chhú
  - Hakka Romanization System: gi^ˊ cu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gi¹ cu³
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴ t͡sʰu³¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ-chū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(t͡sʰ-)ʒu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-chhó͘
  - Tâi-lô: ki-tshóo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kizhor
  - IPA (Taipei): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ t͡sʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰɔ⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-chhiú
  - Tâi-lô: ki-tshiú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kichiuo
  - IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ t͡sʰiu²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi¹ co²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki tshó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki³³⁻²³ t͡sʰo⁵²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ci-tshu₅
  - MiniDict: ci^平 tshu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ji-tshu₂
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ t͡sʰu²¹/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹ci-tshou₃
  - MiniDict: ci^平 tshou^上
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /t͡ɕi⁴⁴ t͡sʰəu/

Noun

基礎

(literally) foundation; base (of a structure)
(figuratively) foundation; basis (that which offers support for an endeavour)
打下基礎／打下基础 ― dǎxià jīchǔ ― to lay a foundation
(economics) socio-economic base; economic foundation

Synonyms

(foundation): 底子 (dǐzi), 根基 (gēnjī), 基業／基业 (jīyè), (Hokkien) 底蒂

Adjective

基礎

basic; fundamental; elementary; rudimentary

Synonyms

基本 (jīběn)
(attributive) 起碼／起码 (qǐmǎ)

Derived terms

基礎代謝 / 基础代谢 (jīchǔ dàixiè)
基礎層 / 基础层 (jīchǔcéng)
基礎工業 / 基础工业
基礎性 / 基础性 (jīchǔxìng)
基礎教育 / 基础教育 (jīchǔ jiàoyù)
基礎病 / 基础病 (jīchǔbìng)
基礎科學 / 基础科学 (jīchǔ kēxué)
基礎設施 / 基础设施 (jīchǔ shèshī)
基礎課 / 基础课
客戶基礎 / 客户基础 (kèhù jīchǔ)
經濟基礎 / 经济基础 (jīngjì jīchǔ)
群眾基礎 / 群众基础 (qúnzhòng jīchǔ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (基礎):

→ Japanese: 基礎(きそ) (kiso)
→ Korean: 기초(基礎) (gicho)
→ Vietnamese: cơ sở (基礎)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
基	礎
き Grade: 5	そ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きそ [kíꜜsò] (Atamadaka – [1])
IPA^(key): [kʲiso̞]

Noun

基(き)礎(そ) • (kiso)

base, basis, foundation, ground, root
- 2011, Barack Obama, 中東と北アフリカに関するバラク・オバマの演説, translation of "Remarks by the President on the Middle East and North Africa":
  これらの原(げん)則(そく)は、交渉(こうしょう)の基(き)礎(そ)を与(あた)えてくれる。
  Korera no gensoku wa, kōshō no kiso o ataete kureru.
  These principles provide a foundation for negotiations.
(construction, architecture) foundation

Derived terms

基(き)礎(そ)的(てき) (kisoteki): fundamental

Derived terms

基(き)礎(そ)学(がく)力(りょく) (kiso gakuryoku): basic scholastic achievement
基(き)礎(そ)代(たい)謝(しゃ) (kiso taisha): basal metabolism
基(き)礎(そ)知(ち)識(しき) (kiso chishiki): fundamental knowledge

References

2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
基	礎

Noun

基礎 • (gicho) (hangeul 기초)

hanja form^? of 기초 (“foundation, basis”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
基	礎

Noun

基礎

chữ Hán form of cơ sở (“foundation, basis”).