孟

See also: 盂

孟 U+5B5F, 孟 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B5F ← 孞 [U+5B5E] CJK Unified Ideographs 孠 → [U+5B60]

Translingual

Han character

孟 (Kangxi radical 39, 子+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 弓木月廿 (NDBT), four-corner 1710₇, composition ⿱子皿)

Derived characters

• 𠗠, 𠵼, 𡝹, 𢛴, 掹, 𬈂, 猛, 𣓶, 𪹁, 𤗖, 𤦕, 䁅, 𮃑, 𥺬, 𦁧, 艋, 蜢, 𧩌, 錳, 鯭, 勐, 䓝, 𤷪

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 278, character 16
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6960
• Dae Jaweon: page 546, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1013, character 3
• Unihan data for U+5B5F

Chinese

simp. and trad.		孟
alternative forms		𥁪

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皿) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
猛	*mraːŋʔ
艋	*mraːŋʔ
蜢	*mraːŋʔ
皿	*maŋʔ
孟	*mraːŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mraːŋs) : semantic 子 (“child; son”) + phonetic 皿 (OC *maŋʔ)

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *maŋ (“big; old; elder (brother, uncle)”); cognate with Anong ʈhi³¹ mɑŋ³¹ (“old; elderly”), Drung tvmvng (“elder sibling”), Burmese မင်း (mang:, “monarch; king”) (Schuessler, 2007; STEDT).

Likely related to 兄 (OC *hmraŋ, “older brother”) (Sagart, 1999; STEDT). Perhaps also related to 芒 (OC *maːŋ, *maŋ, “great; extensive”) and 荒 (OC *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs, “vast; excessive; senile”) (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): mèng (meng⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄥˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): mong⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): maang⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): mang⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): men⁵ / mung⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): men

  (Meixian, Guangdong): mên⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): meng³
• Northern Min (KCR): māing
• Eastern Min (BUC): mâing
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): meng⁵
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bēng / béng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mêng⁶

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶man
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): mong⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mèng
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mèng
    • Wade–Giles: mêng⁴
    • Yale: mèng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: menq
    • Palladius: мэн (mɛn)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɤŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: mong⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: mung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /moŋ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: maang⁶
    • Yale: maahng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: maang⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: mang⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maːŋ²²/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: mang⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵐbaŋ³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: men⁵ / mung⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛn¹¹/, /muŋ¹¹/

Note:

• men5 - vernacular;
• mung5 - literary.

• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: men
    • Hakka Romanization System: men
    • Hagfa Pinyim: men⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /men⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: mên⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /mɛn⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: meng³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /məŋ⁴⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: māing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ⁵⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mâing
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /maiŋ²⁴²/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: meng⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɛŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Nan'an, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese, Klang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēng
    • Tâi-lô: bīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: beng
    • IPA (Klang): /beŋ³¹/
    • IPA (Nan'an): /biɪŋ³¹/
    • IPA (Changtai): /beŋ²²/
    • IPA (Zhangpu): /bɛŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Hui'an, Yongchun, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: béng
    • Tâi-lô: bíng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: beang
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /biɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Yongchun, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Hui'an): /beŋ⁵⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mêng⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mĕng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /meŋ³⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶man
    • MiniDict: man^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³man
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mã²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: mong⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /mʊŋ⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /mən⁴⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 孟
Mandarin	Beijing	/məŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/məŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/məŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/məŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/məŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/məŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/məŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/mə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/məŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/mə̃n¹³/
	Ürümqi	/mɤŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/moŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/moŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/moŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/moŋ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/mən⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/məŋ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/məŋ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/məŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/mə̃ŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/mã²³/
	Suzhou	/mã³¹/
	Hangzhou	/moŋ¹³/
	Wenzhou	/miɛ²²/
Hui	Shexian	/mʌ̃²²/
	Tunxi	/man¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/moŋ⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/mən⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/mɛn²¹/ /muŋ²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/men⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/men⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/maŋ²²/
	Nanning	/mɐŋ²²/
	Hong Kong	/maŋ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/biŋ⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/maiŋ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/maiŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/meŋ³⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/moŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: maengH

Rime
Character	孟
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	庚 (109)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	莫更切
Baxter	maengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mˠæŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/mᵚaŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/maŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/maɨjŋH/
Li Rong	/mɐŋH/
Wang Li	/mɐŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mɐŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mang6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mraːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	孟
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mèng
Middle Chinese	‹ mængH ›
Old Chinese	/*mˁraŋ-s/
English	eldest, great
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	孟
Reading #	1/1
No.	9152
Phonetic component	皿
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	孟
Old Chinese	/*mraːŋs/

Definitions

孟

1. eldest brother (also used in personal names)
2. first month of a season

   孟秋  ―  mèngqiū  ―  seventh month of Chinese calendar

3. (figuratively) first in series
4. (figuratively) great, eminent
5. to strive; to endeavor
6. (～族) Mon people
7. Short for 孟子 (Mèngzǐ, “Mencius; Mencius (book)”).
8. Short for 孟加拉 (Mèngjiālā, “Bangladesh”).
9. Alternative form of 猛 (měng, “bold; powerful”)
10. a surname

    孟浩然  ―  Mèng Hàorán  ―  Meng Haoran (Tang dynasty poet)

Compounds

• 主孟
• 亞孟／亚孟 (yàmèng)
• 優孟／优孟
• 優孟衣冠／优孟衣冠
• 公孟
• 四孟
• 姜孟
• 孔孟 (Kǒng-Mèng)
• 孔孟之道 (Kǒng-Mèng zhī dào)
• 孔孟學會／孔孟学会
• 孟享
• 孟亭
• 孟什維克／孟什维克 (mèngshíwéikè)
• 孟仲叔季
• 孟侯
• 孟光
• 孟光舉案／孟光举案
• 孟公
• 孟公孟姥
• 孟公投轄／孟公投辖
• 孟冬
• 孟加拉 (Mèngjiālā)
• 孟勞／孟劳
• 孟博登車／孟博登车
• 孟叟
• 孟嘗／孟尝
• 孟嘗君／孟尝君
• 孟嘉落帽
• 孟夏 (Mèngxià)
• 孟姑姑
• 孟姥
• 孟姜
• 孟姜女 (Mèngjiāngnǚ)
• 孟姜女調／孟姜女调
• 孟婆 (Mèngpó)
• 孟娵
• 孟婆湯／孟婆汤 (mèngpótāng)
• 孟子 (Mèngzǐ)
• 季孟
• 季孟之間／季孟之间
• 孟宗泣筍／孟宗泣笋
• 孟宗竹 (mèngzōngzhú)
• 孟家溪 (Mèngjiāxī)
• 孟家蟬／孟家蝉
• 孟州 (Mèngzhōu, “Mengzhou”)
• 孟常
• 孟廡／孟庑
• 孟戲／孟戏
• 孟族 (mèngzú)
• 孟春
• 孟晉／孟晋
• 孟月 (mèngyuè)
• 孟村 (Mèngcūn)
• 孟林筍／孟林笋
• 孟極／孟极
• 孟槐
• 孟樓／孟楼 (Mènglóu)
• 孟樂／孟乐
• 孟母 (Mèngmǔ)
• 孟母三遷／孟母三迁 (mèngmǔsānqiān)
• 孟母擇鄰／孟母择邻
• 孟母斷織／孟母断织
• 孟津 (Mèngjīn)
• 孟浪
• 孟浪輕狂／孟浪轻狂
• 孟瀦／孟潴
• 孟秋
• 孟竹
• 孟織／孟织
• 孟良盜馬／孟良盗马
• 孟荀 (Mèng-Xún)
• 孟藝／孟艺
• 孟襄陽／孟襄阳
• 孟詩韓筆／孟诗韩笔
• 孟說／孟说
• 孟語／孟语 (mèngyǔ)
• 孟諸／孟诸
• 孟豬／孟猪
• 孟買／孟买 (Mèngmǎi)
• 孟賁／孟贲
• 孟鄰／孟邻
• 孟門／孟门
• 孟陬 (mèngzōu)
• 孟陽／孟阳
• 孟青
• 孟青棒
• 孟非斯
• 孟韓／孟韩
• 孟饗／孟飨
• 孟鳥／孟鸟
• 孟麗君／孟丽君
• 孫孟／孙孟
• 寒孟
• 施孟
• 春孟
• 月孟
• 桓孟
• 梁孟
• 浪孟
• 焦孟不離／焦孟不离
• 王孟
• 秋孟
• 落帽孟嘉
• 衣冠優孟／衣冠优孟
• 論孟／论孟
• 賓孟／宾孟
• 趙孟／赵孟
• 鄒孟／邹孟
• 韓孟／韩孟

 

References

• “孟”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

孟

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. Used in personal names.

Readings

• Go-on: みょう (myō)^{←みやう (myau, historical)}、もう (mō)^{←まう (mau, historical)}
• Kan-on: ぼう (bō)^{←ばう (bau, historical)}、もう (mō)^{←まう (mau, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: まん (man)
• Kun: おさ (osa, 孟)^{←をさ (wosa, 孟, historical)}、かしら (kashira, 孟)、たけ (take, 孟)
• Nanori: たけし (takeshi)、つとむ (tsutomu)、はじめ (hajime)、はる (haru)

Korean

Hanja

孟 (eumhun 맏 맹 (mat maeng))

1. hanja form^? of 맹 (“first in a series”)
2. hanja form^? of 맹 (“great, eminent”)

孟 (eumhun 맹랑할 망 (maengnanghal mang))

1. hanja form^? of 망 (“shrewd, impudent, difficult”)

Vietnamese

Han character

孟: Hán Việt readings: mạnh
孟: Nôm readings: mạnh, mảnh

1. Nôm form of mạnh (“strong; powerful; vigorous”).

Zhuang

Pronoun

孟

1. Sawndip form of mwngz (“you”)