U+5B89, 安
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B89

[U+5B88]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5B8A]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 40, +3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 十女 (JV), four-corner 30404, composition )

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7072
  • Dae Jaweon: page 552, character 5
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 913, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+5B89

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
𠕷
𭑨
𡚴
 
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • (Cantonese)
  • (Gan)

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       

Ideogrammic compound (會意会意) : (house) + (a kneeling woman) – to be at ease, to be safe.

Etymology

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calm; peaceful
A parallel stem is (OC *qeːns, “to be at ease; to rest”) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).
Cognate with (OC *qaːns, “to push down with hand”), an exoactive derivative, literally “to cause to be settled; calmed” (ibid.).
Starostin reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ʔɨāɫ (rest), comparing it to Mizo âwl (to rest) (and also noting Dhimal [script needed] (el-ka, good)). STEDT, however, traces the Mizo word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-grwal ~ *ʔwal (finish, loose, relax) and did not list (OC *qaːn) among its comparanda: namely (OC *ɦŋoːn), (OC *ɢʷaːnʔ), (OC *qʰʷan, *qʰʷanʔ), (OC *ɢʷans, *ɢʷan).
where; how
Cognate with (OC *qaː, “how”) and (OC *qran, *qan, “where; how”), the latter of which is probably a variant of (OC *qaːn).

Pronunciation

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Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • ang1 - literary;
  • ua1/uaⁿ1 - vernacular.
Note:
  • an - literary;
  • oaⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • ang1 - literary;
  • uan1 - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /an⁵⁵/
Harbin /an⁴⁴/
/nan⁴⁴/
Tianjin /nan²¹/
Jinan /ŋã²¹³/
Qingdao /ɣã²¹³/
Zhengzhou /an²⁴/
Xi'an /ŋã²¹/
Xining /nã⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /an⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /ɛ̃n³¹/
Ürümqi /an⁴⁴/
Wuhan /ŋan⁵⁵/
Chengdu /ŋan⁵⁵/
Guiyang /ŋan⁵⁵/
/an⁵⁵/
Kunming /ã̠⁴⁴/
Nanjing /aŋ³¹/
Hefei /ʐæ̃²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /ɣæ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /ŋɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /ŋæ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /ø⁵³/
Suzhou /ø⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔẽ̞³³/
Wenzhou /y³³/
Hui Shexian /ŋɛ³¹/
Tunxi /uːə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ŋan³³/
Xiangtan /ŋan³³/
Gan Nanchang /ŋɵn⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /on⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /on²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /ɔn⁵³/
Nanning /ɔn⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /ɔn⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /an⁵⁵/
/uã⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /aŋ⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /uiŋ⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /aŋ³³/
/uã³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /aŋ²³/
/ua²³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (34)
Final () (61)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter 'an
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɑn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔɑn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔɑn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔan/
Li
Rong
/ʔɑn/
Wang
Li
/ɑn/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʔɑn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
ān
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
on1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/3 2/3 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
ān ān ān
Middle
Chinese
‹ 'an › ‹ 'an › ‹ 'an ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/ /*[ʔ]ˁa[n]/
English peace(ful) how 安息 Ānxī (Iranian country in the western regions, W. Hàn; from Aršaka = Arsaces, founder of the Arsacid dynasty)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*qaːn/

Definitions

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  1. calm; peaceful; tranquil; quiet
      ―  ānníng  ―  peaceful; tranquil
      ―  ānshuì  ―  to sleep peacefully
      ―  bù'ān  ―  uneasy; disturbed
  2. comfortable; at ease
      ―  ān  ―  easy and comfortable
  3. safe; secure
    然無恙然无恙  ―  ānránwúyàng  ―  safe and sound
    轉危為转危为  ―  zhuǎnwēiwéi'ān  ―  avert a danger
  4. to calm; to pacify
      ―  ānshén  ―  to calm the nerves
    除暴  ―  chúbào'ānliáng  ―  to get rid of bullies and bring peace to good people
      ―  Tiān'ānmén  ―  Tiananmen, Beijing; literally "the gate of Heaven's peacemaking"
  5. to feel satisfied with
    於現狀于现状  ―  ānyúxiànzhuàng  ―  to be content with the status quo (and unwilling to progress)
    貧樂道贫乐道  ―  ānpínyuèdào  ―  to be happy to live a simple and virtuous life
  6. to find a place for; to plant
      ―  ānchā  ―  to place (somebody) in a certain position
    家落戶家落户  ―  ānjiāluòhù  ―  to settle in a new place
  7. to fit; to install
    電燈电灯  ―  ān diàndēng  ―  to install electric lighting
  8. to cherish; to harbour
  9. to confer (a title); to bestow; to put (the blame on someone)
    隨便罪名 [MSC, trad.]
    随便罪名 [MSC, simp.]
    suíbiàn gěi tā ān ge zuìmíng [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  10. (Cantonese) ounce
    [Cantonese]  ―  ng5 on1 naai5 [Jyutping]  ―  five ounces of milk
  11. (literary) where
  12. (literary) how; why
  13. (physics) Short for 安培 (ānpéi, “ampere”).
  14. Short for 安非他命 (ānfēitāmìng, “amphetamine”).
      ―  xī'ān  ―  to use amphetamine (illegally)
  15. Short for 安那其主義安那其主义 (ānnàqí zhǔyì, “anarchism”).
  16. a surname
    祿  ―  Ān Lùshān  ―  An Lushan
    1. (historical) a surname. Given to people from the Arsacid or Parthian Empire (安息 or 安國安国)

Synonyms

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  • (ounce):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (あん) (an)
  • Korean: 안(安) (an)
  • Vietnamese: an ()

Japanese

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Kanji

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(Third grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Derived terms

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
あん
Grade: 3
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC 'an).

Affix

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(あん) (an

  1. calm; peaceful
  2. tranquil
  3. safe; secure
  4. easy; simple
  5. (chemistry) ammonium

Derived terms

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 편안 (pyeonan an))

  1. hanja form? of (peace, peacefulness)

Compounds

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Tày

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Adjective

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(an; yên)

  1. Nôm form of an (peaceful).
    神符法主禁㐌
    Thần phù phép chúa cổm đạ an
    With the god's spells, the Then lords are now at peace
  2. Nôm form of yên (peaceful).
    害立他志茶𫺒
    Hại lắp tha yên chí dá dan
    Close your eyes, believe and don't get startled

Classifier

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(ăn)

  1. Nôm form of ăn (Used for inanimate things that lack specific classifiers).
    腩𫭻咹奏
    Ăn nồm cợ ăn tẩu
    A breast as big as a bottle gourd

Noun

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(ăn)

  1. Nôm form of ăn (thing, specifically fruit).
    𣅃𪾦𫇥齐痚云
    Pjục lừ bjoóc te̱ héo pền ăn
    Tomorrow, the flower will wither and bear fruits.

References

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  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: an[1][2][3][4][5], yên[4][5]
: Nôm readings: yên[1][2][3][6][4][7], an[1][2][4][7], án[1], ăn[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of an (safe; secure).
  2. chữ Hán form of yên (calm; peaceful).

Compounds

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References

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Zhuang

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Classifier

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  1. Alternative form of 𬻹 (Sawndip form of aen)

References

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  • 古壮字字典 [Dictionary of Old Zhuang Characters] (in Chinese), Guangxi: Ethnic Publishing House (广西民族出版社), 2012, →ISBN, page 1
  NODES
Note 7