宋

宋 U+5B8B, 宋 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B8B ← 宊 [U+5B8A] CJK Unified Ideographs 完 → [U+5B8C]

Translingual

Han character

宋 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 十木 (JD) or 難十木 (XJD), four-corner 3090₄, composition ⿱宀木)

Derived characters

• 俕 𡜻 㧲 浨 䊉 𠒥 䫅 筞 㨲

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 282, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7078
• Dae Jaweon: page 554, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 915, character 2
• Unihan data for U+5B8B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		宋

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 宋
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn	Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Qin slip script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (宋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
浨	*ruːmʔ
俕	*sluːms
宋	*sluːŋs

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): sòng (song⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄥˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): song⁴

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): sung³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): lhuung¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): sung⁴
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): sung

  (Hailu, HRS): sung^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): sung⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): sung¹
• Northern Min (KCR): so̤̿ng
• Eastern Min (BUC): sóng / sáe̤ng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): sang⁴ / sorng⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): sàng / sòng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): song³

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵son
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): song⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sòng
    • Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sòng
    • Wade–Giles: sung⁴
    • Yale: sùng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sonq
    • Palladius: сун (sun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: song⁴
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: sung
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /soŋ²¹³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: sung³
    • Yale: sung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sung³
    • Guangdong Romanization: sung³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sʊŋ³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: lhuung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɵŋ³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: sung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /suŋ³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sung
    • Hakka Romanization System: sung
    • Hagfa Pinyim: sung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /suŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: sung^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /suŋ¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: sung⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /sʊŋ⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: sung¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /suŋ¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: so̤̿ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɔŋ³³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: sóng / sáe̤ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /souŋ²¹³/, /sɔyŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sang⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬaŋ⁴²/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: sorng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɒŋ⁴²/

Note:

• sang4 - vernacular (incl. surname in Putian);
• sorng4 - literary (incl. surname in Xianyou and part of Putian).

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sàng / sòng
    • Tâi-lô: sàng / sòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: saxng, soxng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /saŋ²¹/, /sɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /saŋ⁴¹/, /sɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /saŋ²¹/, /sɔŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /saŋ¹¹/, /sɔŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /saŋ²¹/, /sɔŋ²¹/

Note:

• sàng - vernacular;
• sòng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: song³
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sòng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /soŋ²¹³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵son
    • MiniDict: son^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²son
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /soŋ³⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: song⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /sʊŋ⁴⁵/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /sən⁴⁵/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 宋
Mandarin	Beijing	/suŋ⁵¹/
	Harbin	/suŋ⁵³/
	Tianjin	/suŋ⁵³/
	Jinan	/suŋ²¹/
	Qingdao	/səŋ⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/suŋ³¹²/
	Xi'an	/suŋ⁴⁴/
	Xining	/suə̃²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/suŋ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/sũn¹³/
	Ürümqi	/suŋ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/soŋ³⁵/
	Chengdu	/soŋ¹³/
	Guiyang	/soŋ²¹³/
	Kunming	/soŋ¹/
	Nanjing	/soŋ⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/səŋ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/suəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/suŋ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/sũŋ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/soŋ³⁵/
	Suzhou	/soŋ⁵¹³/
	Hangzhou	/soŋ⁴⁴⁵/
	Wenzhou	/soŋ⁴²/
Hui	Shexian	/sʌ̃³²⁴/
	Tunxi	/san⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/soŋ⁵⁵/
	Xiangtan	/sən⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang	/suŋ⁴⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/suŋ⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/suŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/soŋ³³/
	Nanning	/ɬuŋ³³/
	Hong Kong	/suŋ³³/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sɔŋ²¹/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/souŋ²¹²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sɔŋ³³/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/soŋ²¹³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/soŋ³⁵/ /taŋ³⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: sowngH

Rime
Character	宋
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	蘇統切
Baxter	sowngH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/suoŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/suoŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/soŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sawŋH/
Li Rong	/soŋH/
Wang Li	/suoŋH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/suoŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sòng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sung3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ˤuŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*sluːŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	宋
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sòng
Middle Chinese	‹ sowngH ›
Old Chinese	/*[s]ˁuŋ-s/
English	(place name)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	宋
Reading #	1/1
No.	12061
Phonetic component	宋
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	宋
Old Chinese	/*sluːŋs/
Notes	疑林省聲

Definitions

宋

1. (～朝) Song dynasty of China (960–1279), reigning from the end of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms to the beginning of the Yuan
2. Song or Liu Song (420–479), the first of the four Southern dynasties during the Northern and Southern dynasties period
3. a surname, listed 118th in the Baijiaxing

   宋美齡／宋美龄  ―  Sòng Měilíng  ―  Soong Mei-ling

   宋楚瑜  ―  Sòng Chǔyú  ―  James Soong (Taiwanese politician)

4. (～國) Song, a state during the Zhou dynasty of ancient China

   • 宋人有善為不龜手之藥者，世世以洴澼絖為事。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     宋人有善为不龟手之药者，世世以洴澼𬘢为事。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhuangzi, circa 3^rd – 2^nd centuries BCE

     Sòng rén yǒu shàn wéi bù jūnshǒu zhī yào zhě, shìshì yǐ píngpìkuàng wéi shì. [Pinyin]

     There was a man of Song who was skilful at making a salve which kept the hands from getting chapped; and (his family) for generations had made the bleaching of cocoon-silk their business.

5. A Chinese constellation, considered a part of the Left Wall of the Heavenly Market Enclosure

See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history
Name	Time period	Divisions
Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代)	2070 – 1600 BCE
Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代)	1600 – 1046 BCE
Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代)	1046 – 256 BCE	Western Zhou 西周
		Eastern Zhou 東周／东周	Spring and Autumn period 春秋
			Warring States period 戰國／战国
Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代)	221 – 206 BCE
Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代)	206 BCE – 220 C.E.	Western Han 西漢／西汉
		Xin 新 (～朝)
		Eastern Han 東漢／东汉
Three Kingdoms 三國／三国	220 – 280 C.E.	Wei 魏
		Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉
		Wu 吳／吴
Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代)	265 – 420 C.E.	Western Jin 西晉／西晋
		Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋
Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝	420 – 589 C.E.	Northern dynasties 北朝	Northern Wei 北魏
			Western Wei 西魏
			Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏
			Northern Zhou 北周
			Northern Qi 北齊／北齐
		Southern dynasties 南朝	Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋
			Southern Qi 南齊／南齐
			Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代)
			Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代)
Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代)	581 – 618 C.E.
Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代)	618 – 907 C.E.
Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国	907 – 960 C.E.
Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代)	907 – 1125 C.E.
Song 宋 (～朝, ～代)	960 – 1279 C.E.	Northern Song 北宋
		Southern Song 南宋
Western Xia 西夏	1038 – 1227 C.E.
Jin 金 (～朝, ～代)	1115 – 1234 C.E.
Western Liao 西遼／西辽	1124 – 1218 C.E.
Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代)	1271 – 1368 C.E.
Ming 明 (～朝, ～代)	1368 – 1644 C.E.
Qing 清 (～朝, ～代)	1636 – 1912 C.E.

Descendants

• → English: Song, Sung, Soong

Compounds

• 下宋窯／下宋窑 (Xiàsòngyáo)
• 上宋窯／上宋窑 (Shàngsòngyáo)
• 仿宋本
• 仿宋體／仿宋体 (fǎngsòngtǐ)
• 兩宋／两宋 (Liǎng-Sòng)
• 劉宋／刘宋 (Liúsòng)
• 北宋 (Běi Sòng)
• 南宋 (Nán Sòng)
• 呂宋島／吕宋岛
• 呂宋菸／吕宋烟 (lǚsòngyān)
• 大宋 (Dàsòng)
• 大宋小宋
• 宋三彩
• 宋仁宗
• 宋儒 (sòngrú)
• 宋元學案／宋元学案
• 宋史
• 宋哲宗
• 宋四大書／宋四大书
• 宋埠
• 宋太宗
• 宋太祖
• 宋學／宋学
• 宋徽宗
• 宋斤魯削／宋斤鲁削
• 宋書／宋书
• 宋會要／宋会要
• 宋朝 (Sòngcháo)
• 宋本
• 宋板
• 宋欽宗／宋钦宗
• 宋江陣／宋江阵
• 宋洛 (Sòngluò)
• 宋瓷
• 宋畫／宋画
• 宋畫吳冶／宋画吴冶
• 宋真宗
• 宋神宗
• 宋襄之仁 (sòngxiāngzhīrén)
• 宋襄公
• 宋詞／宋词 (Sòngcí)
• 宋詩鈔／宋诗钞
• 宋頭巾／宋头巾
• 宋體字／宋体字 (sòngtǐzì)
• 宋高宗
• 小宋 (Xiǎosòng)
• 屈宋
• 影宋抄本
• 房杜姚宋
• 才過屈宋／才过屈宋
• 杞宋無徵／杞宋无征
• 東宋／东宋 (Dōngsòng)
• 班香宋豔／班香宋艳
• 皕宋樓／皕宋楼 (Bìsònglóu)
• 羅宋湯／罗宋汤 (luósòngtāng)
• 老宋體／老宋体
• 衙官屈宋
• 趙宋／赵宋 (Zhàosòng)
• 鄭昭宋聾／郑昭宋聋

 

Japanese

Kanji

宋

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

1. Song (Chinese dynasty)

Readings

(Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this pronunciation?)

• Go-on: そ (so)
• Kan-on: そう (sō)
• Sō-on: そん (son)
• Tō-on: そん (son)

Compounds

Compounds

• 屈(くっ)宋(そう) (Kussō)
• 呂(ル)宋(ソン) (Ruson, “Luzon”)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
宋
そう Jinmeiyō
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 宋 (MC sowngH). (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [so̞ː]

Proper noun

宋(そう) • (Sō) 

1. Song (former Chinese dynasty):
   1. name of the state during the Zhou dynasty (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
   2. the 劉宋 (Ryūsō), around 420-479
   3. the 北宋 (Hokusō, “Northern Song”) and 南宋 (Nansō, “Southern Song”) dynasties, spanning around 960-1279
2. a surname

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 宋音(そうおん) (Sō-on)
• 宋学(そうがく) (Sō-gaku)
• 宋詞(そうし) (Sō-shi)
• 宋朝(そうちょう) (Sō-chō)
• 入宋(にゅうそう) (nyū-Sō)

Korean

Hanja

宋 (eum 송 (song))

1. referring to the Song Dynasty (宋朝)
2. A surname

Vietnamese

Han character

宋: Hán Nôm readings: tống

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.