Wiktionary

慣

See also: 惯
慣 U+6163, 慣
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6163
← 慢
[U+6162] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 慤 →
[U+6164]

Translingual

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Han character

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慣 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心田十金 (PWJC), four-corner 97086, composition ⿰忄貫)

Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 399, character 13
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11111
  • Dae Jaweon: page 739, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2349, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+6163

Chinese

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trad. 慣
simp. 惯

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (毌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
毌 *koːn, *koːns
貫 *koːn, *koːns
樌 *koːns
鏆 *koːns
遦 *koːns
慣 *kroːns
摜 *kroːns
瑻 *kuːn
謴 *kuːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kroːns) : semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 貫 (OC *koːn, *koːns) – habit is what one does by heart.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gáing - vernacular (“accustomed”);
  • guáng - literary.
Note:
  • koàn - literary;
  • kòaiⁿ/kùiⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • guang3 - Shantou;
  • guêng3 - Chaozhou;
  • guin3 - dialectal usage (in 慣性).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 慣
Mandarin Beijing /kuan⁵¹/
Harbin /kaun⁵³/
Tianjin /kuan⁵³/
Jinan /kuã²¹/
Qingdao /kuã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /kuan³¹²/
Xi'an /kuã⁴⁴/
Xining /kuã²¹³/
Yinchuan /kuan¹³/
Lanzhou /kuɛ̃n¹³/
Ürümqi /kuan²¹³/
Wuhan /kuan³⁵/
Chengdu /kuan¹³/
Guiyang /kuan²¹³/
Kunming /kuã̠²¹²/
Nanjing /kuaŋ⁴⁴/
Hefei /kʊ̃⁵³/
Jin Taiyuan /kuæ̃⁴⁵/
Pingyao /kuɑŋ³⁵/
Hohhot /kuæ̃⁵⁵/
Wu Shanghai /kue³⁵/
Suzhou /kue̞⁵¹³/
Hangzhou /kuõ⁴⁴⁵/
Wenzhou /ka⁴²/
Hui Shexian /kuɛ³²⁴/
Tunxi /kuːə⁴²/
Xiang Changsha /kuan⁵⁵/
Xiangtan /kuan⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /kuan⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kuan⁵³/
Taoyuan /kuɑn⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kwan³³/
Nanning /kʷɛn³³/
Hong Kong /kwan³³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kuan²¹/
/kuãi²¹/
/kuĩ²¹/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kuɑŋ²¹²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kuiŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /kuaŋ²¹³/
/kũi²¹³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kuaŋ³⁵/
Rime
Character 慣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 刪 (70)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古患切
Baxter kwaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠuanH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʷᵚanH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kuɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kwaɨnH/
Li
Rong 		/kuanH/
Wang
Li 		/kwanH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kwanH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		guàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gwaan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 慣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		guàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kwænH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kˁro[n]-s/
English accustomed to

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 慣
Reading # 1/1
No. 4471
Phonetic
component 		毌
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		慣
Old
Chinese 		/*kroːns/
Notes 爾雅作貫，貫轉註字

Definitions

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慣

  1. to be accustomed to; to be used to
  2. to spoil; to overindulge
  3. (literary, or in compounds) habit; custom
  4. (literary, or in compounds) habitually; usually

Synonyms

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  • (to be accustomed to):
Dialectal synonyms of 習慣 (“to get used to; to be accustomed to”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 習慣
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 習慣
Malaysia 習慣
Singapore 習慣
Cantonese Guangzhou 慣, 習慣
Hong Kong 慣, 習慣
Singapore (Guangfu) 慣
Hakka Meixian 習慣, 慣
Eastern Min Fuzhou 慣, 慣勢
Southern Min Xiamen 慣勢
Quanzhou 慣勢
Zhangzhou 慣勢
Taipei 慣勢, 習慣 GT
Tainan 慣勢
Kinmen 慣勢
Penang (Hokkien) 慣勢
Singapore (Hokkien) 慣勢
Shantou 習慣, 慣
Jieyang 慣勢
Wu Shanghai 習慣
Note GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)
  • (to spoil):
  • (habitually):

Compounds

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References

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  • “慣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “惯”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 81.

Japanese

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Kanji

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慣

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
慣
かん
Grade: 5
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 慣 (MC kwaenH).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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慣(かん) • (kan) ←くわん (kwan)?

  1. used to; accustomed; custom; habit

Compounds

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 慣 (MC kwaenH).

Hanja

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慣 (eumhun 버릇 관 (beoreut gwan))

  1. hanja form? of 관 (“custom; habit”)

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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慣: Hán Nôm readings: quen, quán

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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