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Translingual
editStroke order | |||
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Han character
edit楚 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木木弓卜人 (DDNYO), four-corner 44801, composition ⿱林疋)
Derived characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 539, character 23
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15141
- Dae Jaweon: page 927, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1244, character 9
- Unihan data for U+695A
Chinese
editsimp. and trad. |
楚 | |
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alternative forms | 椘 䠂 𣕑 𣗂 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 楚 | |
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Shang | Western Zhou |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions |
Originally, a compound formed by 林 (forest), 囗 (an enclosure), and 止 (a footprint pointing up) – according to Shuowen Jiezi, "a group of trees". Perhaps the whole character points to a location on space with a group of trees or a small forest. As seen on some versions on bronzes, the two bottom component were fused and stylized as 足, thus getting the old variant 䠂.
Eventually, the whole character was further stylized as Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰraʔ, *sŋ̊ʰras) : semantic 林 (“forest; grove; woods”) + phonetic 疋 (OC *ŋraːʔ, *sŋra, *sŋraʔ). However, the phonetic component preserves part of the original drawing.
Etymology
editSchuessler (2007) proposes an Austroasiatic origin; compare Proto-Austroasiatic *ɟrla(ː)ʔ (“thorn”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cu3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): cu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): cu2
- Northern Min (KCR): chǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): chū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tshu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): cou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chǔ
- Wade–Giles: chʻu3
- Yale: chǔ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuu
- Palladius: чу (ču)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cu3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cu
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰu⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: co2
- Yale: chó
- Cantonese Pinyin: tso2
- Guangdong Romanization: co2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɔː³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: co2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰᵘɔ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: cu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhú
- Hakka Romanization System: cuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cu3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: cu2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chū
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: cou3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰəu̯⁴¹/
- (Changsha)
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: tsrhjoX, tsrhjoH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s.r̥]aʔ/, /*s.r̥aʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*sŋ̊ʰraʔ/, /*sŋ̊ʰras/
Definitions
edit楚
- (obsolete) Vitex; Chinese chaste tree (Vitex negundo)
- 翹翹錯薪,言刈其楚。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Qiáoqiáo cuò xīn, yán yì qí chǔ. [Pinyin]
- Many are the bundles of firewood; I would cut down the chaste trees [to form more].
翘翘错薪,言刈其楚。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- Synonym: 牡荆 (mǔjīng)
- (obsolete) thick growth of weeds or trees
- (historical) punishment cane
- (historical) to beat with a punishment cane
- painful; suffering
- neat; clear; orderly; arranged
- 清楚 ― qīngchǔ ― clear
- 籩豆有楚,殽核維旅。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Biāndòu yǒu chǔ, yáo hé wéi lǚ. [Pinyin]
- The dishes of bamboo and wood are arranged in rows,
With the sauces and kernels displayed in them.
笾豆有楚,肴核维旅。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- bright; gorgeous
- (obsolete) vulgar; unrefined
- (~國) (historical) Chu (an ancient Chinese viscounty and kingdom along the Yangtze River during the Zhou dynasty)
- 一齊人傅之,眾楚人咻之,雖日撻而求其齊也,不可得矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Yī Qí rén fù zhī, zhòng Chǔrén xiū zhī, suī rì tà ér qiú qí Qí yě, bùkě dé yǐ. [Pinyin]
- If but one man of Qi be teaching him, and there be a multitude of men of Chu continually shouting out about him, although his father beat him every day, wishing him to learn the speech of Qi, it will be impossible for him to do so.
一齐人傅之,众楚人咻之,虽日挞而求其齐也,不可得矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 自懷王入秦不反,楚人憐之至今,故楚南公曰『楚雖三戶,亡秦必楚』也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Zì Huái Wáng rù Qín bù fǎn, Chǔrén lián zhī zhì jīn, gù Chǔ Nán Gōng yuē ‘Chǔ suī sān hù, wáng Qín bì Chǔ’ yě. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
自怀王入秦不反,楚人怜之至今,故楚南公曰『楚虽三户,亡秦必楚』也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- modern-day Hubei and Hunan (where the state of Chu was located)
- (specifically) Hubei
- a surname
Compounds
edit- 一清二楚 (yīqīng'èrchǔ)
- 三楚
- 不清不楚
- 北轅適楚/北辕适楚
- 南冠楚囚
- 南楚
- 吳頭楚尾/吴头楚尾
- 四面楚歌 (sìmiànchǔgē)
- 夏楚
- 巴楚 (Bāchǔ)
- 巴楚縣/巴楚县
- 平楚
- 悽楚/凄楚 (qīchǔ)
- 悲楚 (bēichǔ)
- 捶楚
- 晉乘楚杌/晋乘楚杌
- 暮楚朝秦 (mùchǔzhāoqín)
- 朝秦暮楚 (zhāoqínmùchǔ)
- 棰楚
- 楚些
- 楚劇/楚剧
- 楚囚
- 楚囚對泣/楚囚对泣
- 楚囚相對/楚囚相对
- 楚天
- 楚尾吳頭/楚尾吴头
- 楚弓楚得
- 楚懷王/楚怀王
- 楚撻/楚挞
- 楚昭萍實/楚昭萍实
- 楚服
- 楚材晉用/楚材晋用
- 楚楚 (chǔchǔ)
- 楚楚不凡
- 楚楚可憐/楚楚可怜 (chǔchǔkělián)
- 楚歌
- 楚毒
- 楚河漢界/楚河汉界 (chǔhéhànjiè)
- 楚漢/楚汉
- 楚漆器
- 楚漢春秋/楚汉春秋
- 楚漢相爭/楚汉相争
- 楚狂
- 楚瑪爾河/楚玛尔河 (Chǔmǎ'ěr Hé)
- 楚絕/楚绝 (chǔjué)
- 楚繒書/楚缯书
- 楚聲/楚声
- 楚腰
- 楚茨
- 楚莊問鼎/楚庄问鼎
- 楚莊絕纓/楚庄绝缨
- 楚辭/楚辞 (Chǔcí)
- 楚辱
- 楚霸王
- 楚館/楚馆
- 楚館秦樓/楚馆秦楼
- 榜楚
- 清楚
- 淒楚/凄楚 (qīchǔ)
- 清清楚楚 (qīngqīngchǔchǔ)
- 激楚
- 濟楚/济楚
- 痛楚 (tòngchǔ)
- 痛楚徹骨/痛楚彻骨
- 秦樓楚館/秦楼楚馆
- 笞楚
- 箠楚/棰楚
- 篣楚
- 翹楚/翘楚 (qiáochǔ)
- 耶律楚材
- 肝膽楚越/肝胆楚越
- 苦楚 (kǔchǔ)
- 荊楚/荆楚 (Jīngchǔ)
- 萇楚/苌楚 (chángchǔ)
- 衣冠楚楚 (yīguānchǔchǔ)
- 衣冠濟楚/衣冠济楚
- 衣冠齊楚/衣冠齐楚
- 衣裳楚楚
- 西楚 (Xīchǔ)
- 西楚霸王 (Xīchǔ Bàwáng)
- 詛楚文/诅楚文
- 越鳧楚乙/越凫楚乙 (yuèfúchǔyǐ)
- 酸楚 (suānchǔ)
- 鍾儀楚奏/钟仪楚奏
- 隰有萇楚/隰有苌楚
- 雋楚/隽楚
- 齊傅楚咻/齐傅楚咻
- 齊楚/齐楚
Japanese
editKanji
editReadings
editKorean
editHanja
edit楚 • (cho) (hangeul 초, revised cho, McCune–Reischauer ch'o, Yale cho)
- name of feudal state
- clear
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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