樑

See also: 梁

樑	U+6A11, 樑 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A11

← 樐
[U+6A10]

CJK Unified Ideographs

樒 →
[U+6A12]

Translingual

Han character

樑 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 木水戈木 (DEID), four-corner 4799₄, composition ⿰木梁)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 549, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15427
Dae Jaweon: page 937, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1284, character 9
Unihan data for U+6A11

Chinese

trad.		樑/梁
simp.		梁
alternative forms		鿄𣸑渿𣹷𨎛 “bridge for vehicles”

Glyph origin

Specialized form of 梁 (OC *raŋ, “beam; bridge”), with the addition of the semantic component 木 (“tree; wood”).

Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan; compare Burmese အခြင် (a.hkrang, “rafter”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): liáng (liang²)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄤˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): niang²
Cantonese (Jyutping): loeng⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): liòng
Eastern Min (BUC): liòng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): niû / niô͘ / liông / liâng

(Teochew, Peng'im): niên⁵ / nion⁵ / liang⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶lian

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: liáng
  - Wade–Giles: liang²
  - Yale: lyáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liang
  - Palladius: лян (ljan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: niang²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: liang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niaŋ²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: loeng⁴
  - Yale: lèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: liong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liong²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯oŋ¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: liòng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoŋ⁵³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niû
  - Tâi-lô: niû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: niuu
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Yilan, Kinmen): /niũ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ²³/
  - IPA (Singapore): /niu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Tainan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niô͘
  - Tâi-lô: niôo
  - IPA (Tainan): /niɔ̃²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /niɔ̃¹³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
  - Tâi-lô: liông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liâng
  - Tâi-lô: liâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ¹³/

Note:

niû/niô͘ - vernacular;
liông/liâng - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: niên⁵ / nion⁵ / liang⁵
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niêⁿ / niôⁿ / liâng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /nĩẽ⁵⁵/, /nĩõ⁵⁵/, /liaŋ⁵⁵/

Note:

niên5, nion5 - vernacular (niên5 - Chaozhou);
liang5 - literary.

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶lian
  - MiniDict: lian^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³lian
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liã²³/

Middle Chinese: ljang

Rime
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂章切
Baxter	ljang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/liaŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	loeng⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*raŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*raŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liáng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljang ›
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/
English	beam; bridge
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	樑
Reading #	1/1
No.	1648
Phonetic component	刅
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	良
Old Chinese	/*raŋ/

Definitions

樑

bridge
橋樑／桥梁 ― qiáoliáng ― bridge
roof beam
棟樑／栋梁 ― dòngliáng ― ridgepole, pillar, anchor, mainstay
ridge
鼻樑／鼻梁 ― bíliáng ― bridge (of a nose)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 橋 (“bridge”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		樑, 橋
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		橋, 橋樑
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	橋
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	橋
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	橋
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	橋
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	橋
Southwestern Mandarin	Wuhan	橋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	橋
Jianghuai Mandarin	Hefei	橋
Cantonese	Guangzhou	橋
	Hong Kong	橋
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou)	橋
	Macau	橋
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	橋
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	橋
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	橋
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	橋
	Foshan	橋
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	橋
	Foshan (Shunde)	橋
	Foshan (Sanshui)	橋
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	橋
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	橋
	Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou)	橋
	Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka)	橋
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	橋
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	橋
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	橋
	Taishan	橋
	Kaiping (Chikan)	橋
	Enping (Niujiang)	橋
	Heshan (Yayao)	橋
	Dongguan	橋
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	橋
	Yangjiang	橋
Gan	Nanchang	橋
Hakka	Meixian	橋
	Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua)	橋
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	橋
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	橋
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	橋
	Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua)	橋
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	橋
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	橋
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	橋
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	橋
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	橋
Jin	Taiyuan	橋
Northern Min	Jian'ou	橋
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	橋
Southern Min	Xiamen	橋
	Manila (Hokkien)	橋
	Chaozhou	橋
Zhongshan Min	Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)	橋
Wu	Suzhou	橋
Wu	Wenzhou	橋
Xiang	Changsha	橋
Xiang	Shuangfeng	橋

Compounds

上樑 / 上梁 (shàngliáng)
下樑 / 下梁 (xiàliáng)
偷樑換柱 / 偷梁换柱 (tōuliánghuànzhù)
屋樑 / 屋梁 (wūliáng)
山樑 / 山梁 (shānliáng)
懸樑 / 悬梁 (xuánliáng)
房樑 / 房梁 (fángliáng)
架樑 / 架梁
棟樑 / 栋梁 (dòngliáng)
樑上君子 / 梁上君子 (liángshàngjūnzǐ)
橫樑 / 横梁 (héngliáng)
橋樑 / 桥梁 (qiáoliáng)
脊樑 / 脊梁
跳樑 / 跳梁 (tiàoliáng)
頂樑柱 / 顶梁柱 (dǐngliángzhù)
高樑 / 高梁 (gāoliáng)
鼻樑 / 鼻梁 (bíliáng)

Descendants

→ Vietnamese: rường (“small roof beam; straining beam”)

Japanese

Kanji

樑

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

On (unclassified): りょう (ryō)
Kun: はし (hashi, 樑)、はり (hari, 樑)、やな (yana, 樑)

Korean

Hanja

樑 • (ryang>yang, hoe) (hangeul 량>양, 회, revised ryang>yang, hoe, McCune–Reischauer ryang>yang, hoe, Yale lyang>yang, hoy)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

樑: Hán Nôm readings: rường, lương, sườn, giường

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation