橄

橄	U+6A44, 橄 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6A44

Translingual

Han character

橄 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 木一十大 (DMJK) or 木弓十大 (DNJK), four-corner 4894₀, composition ⿰木敢)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 552, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15512
Dae Jaweon: page 941, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1285, character 3
Unihan data for U+6A44

Chinese

trad.		橄
simp. ^#		橄

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撖	kʰɯːm, kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	l̥ʰaːms, klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	kʰlaːms, qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	qʰaːm, qʰlaːms
譀	qʰlaːms, qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	ŋraːm, ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *klaːmʔ) : semantic 木 (“tree”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǎn (gan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam³ / gam² / gam³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ká / kám
Jin (Wiktionary): gan²
Eastern Min (BUC): gā / gāng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kám / kaⁿ / kan / káⁿ / kán

(Teochew, Peng'im): gan¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ke

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǎn
  - Wade–Giles: kan³
  - Yale: gǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gaan
  - Palladius: гань (ganʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kän²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaam³ / gam² / gam³
  - Yale: gaam / gám / gam
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaam³ / gam² / gam³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gam³ / gem² / gem³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːm³³/, /kɐm³⁵/, /kɐm³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ká / kám
  - Hakka Romanization System: ga^ˋ / gam^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ga³ / gam³
  - Sinological IPA: /ka³¹/, /kam³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: gan²
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kæ̃⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gā / gāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ka³³/, /kaŋ³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kám
  - Tâi-lô: kám
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karm
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kam⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kam⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen, Magong, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvaf
  - IPA (Kinmen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kã⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kã³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Lukang, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kan
  - Tâi-lô: kan
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kafn
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kan⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Lukang): /kan³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: káⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: kánn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kvar
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kã⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán
  - Tâi-lô: kán
  - Phofsit Daibuun: karn
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan⁵³/

Note:

kám - literary;
kaⁿ/kan/káⁿ/kán - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: gan¹
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kaⁿ
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kã³³/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵ke
  - MiniDict: ke^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ke
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke³⁴/

Middle Chinese: kamX

Rime
Character	橄
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	談 (143)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	古覽切
Baxter	kamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɑm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kɑm^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kɑm^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kam^X/
Li Rong	/kɑm^X/
Wang Li	/kɑm^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kɑm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	gǎn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gam²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*klaːmʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	橄
Reading #	1/1
No.	3675
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	敢
Old Chinese	/*klaːmʔ/

Definitions

橄

Only used in 橄欖／橄榄.

Compounds

橄欖 / 橄榄 (gǎnlǎn)
黑橄欖 / 黑橄榄 (hēigǎnlǎn)

References

(Min Nan) Taiwan Min Nan Common Words Dictionary (臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典)

Japanese

Kanji

橄

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: かん (kan)
Kan-on: かん (kan)

Korean

Hanja

橄 • (gam) (hangeul 감, revised gam, McCune–Reischauer kam, Yale kam)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Tày

Noun

橄 (cạm)

Nôm form of cạm (“obstacle”).
欥坚低伩󰯙媒坎橄
Hất kin đây giò vỏ mòi khảm gạm
(please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎^[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

橄: Hán Nôm readings: cạm, cảm

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.