濁

See also: 浊

濁 U+6FC1, 濁 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6FC1 ← 激 [U+6FC0] CJK Unified Ideographs 濂 → [U+6FC2]

Translingual

Han character

濁 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 水田中戈 (EWLI), four-corner 3612₇, composition ⿰氵蜀)

Derived characters

• 𢹅, 𤅴

Related characters

• 浊 (Simplified Chinese)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 654, character 19
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18440
• Dae Jaweon: page 1064, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1758, character 3
• Unihan data for U+6FC1

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 濁
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (蜀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
襡	*toːʔ, *toːɡs, *doːʔ, *doːɡ, *djoɡ
噣	*toːɡs, *tuɡs, *rtoːɡ, *tjoɡ
斣	*toːɡs
歜	*sdoːmʔ, *tʰjoɡ
斀	*rtoːɡ
孎	*rtoːɡ, *toɡ
濁	*rdoːɡ
鐲	*rdoːɡ, *zroːɡ, *djoɡ
鸀	*rdoːɡ, *tjoɡ
擉	*sʰroːɡ
獨	*doːɡ
髑	*doːɡ
韣	*doːɡ, *tjoɡ, *djoɡ
斸	*toɡ
钃	*toɡ
欘	*toɡ
躅	*doɡ
蠋	*doɡ, *tjoɡ
燭	*tjoɡ
囑	*tjoɡ
矚	*tjoɡ
屬	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
属	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
蠾	*tjoɡ, *djoɡ
觸	*tʰjoɡ
臅	*tʰjoɡ
觕	*sʰlaː, *zlaːʔ, *tʰjoɡ
蜀	*djoɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *rdoːɡ) : semantic 氵 + phonetic 蜀 (OC *djoɡ).

Etymology 1

trad.		濁
simp.		浊

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhuó (zhuo²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): chhu̍k / thu̍k

  (Meixian, Guangdong): cug⁶

• Eastern Min (BUC): cŏk
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): ta̍k / cho̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): zuag⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸zoq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuó
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuó
    • Wade–Giles: cho²
    • Yale: jwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo
    • Palladius: чжо (čžo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: zuk⁶
    • Yale: juhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhu̍k / thu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: cug / tug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: cug⁶ / tug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuk̚⁵/, /tʰuk̚⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: cug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: cŏk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡souʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ta̍k / cho̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ta̍k / tso̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dak, zok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tak̚²⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tak̚¹²¹/, /t͡sɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tak̚⁴/, /t͡sɔk̚⁴/

Note:

• ta̍k - vernacular (“nutritious but irritating”);
• cho̍k - literary (“muddy; chaotic; deep and thick; mixed and disorderly; dense”).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: zuag⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsua̍k
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡suak̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸zoq
    • MiniDict: zoh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵zoq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zoʔ¹²/

---

• Middle Chinese: draewk

Rime
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)
Final (韻)	覺 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	直角切
Baxter	draewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ȡɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ȡɔk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ȡʱɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhuó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zok6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[N-tˤ]rok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rdoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhuó
Middle Chinese	‹ dræwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[N-tˁ]rok/
English	muddy
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	濁
Reading #	1/1
No.	11813
Phonetic component	蜀
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	濁
Old Chinese	/*rdoːɡ/

Definitions

濁

1. muddy; turbid; dirty; filthy
2. chaotic; disorderly
3. (of voice) deep and thick
4. (phonetics, of consonants) voiced
5. (Cantonese) to choke; to gag
6. (Mainland China Hokkien) miscellaneous and in a jumble; mixed and disorderly
7. (Mainland China Hokkien, of food) nutritious but irritating causing sores or causing the start, reoccurrence, or change of an illness
8. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) thick; dense; strong (of flavor, etc.)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		渾濁, 混濁
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	渾
Jilu Mandarin	Jinan	渾
Central Plains Mandarin	Xi'an	溷
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	渾
	Wuhan	渾
Jianghuai Mandarin	Yangzhou	渾
	Hefei	渾
Cantonese	Guangzhou	濁
	Hong Kong	濁
	Yangjiang	濁
Gan	Nanchang	渾
Hakka	Meixian	渾
Jin	Taiyuan	溷
Northern Min	Jian'ou	渾, 濁
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	渾
Southern Min	Xiamen	醪, 醪濁
	Zhangzhou	醪
	Chaozhou	醪
	Haikou	醪
Wu	Suzhou	渾
	Wenzhou	渾
Xiang	Changsha	渾
	Shuangfeng	渾

• (to choke): 嗆／呛 (qiāng)

Compounds

• 乳濁液 / 乳浊液 (rǔzhuóyè)
• 五濁惡世 / 五浊恶世
• 凡胎濁骨 / 凡胎浊骨
• 十清九濁 / 十清九浊
• 惡濁 / 恶浊 (èzhuó)
• 懸濁液 / 悬浊液 (xuánzhuóyè)
• 揚清抑濁 / 扬清抑浊
• 揚清激濁 / 扬清激浊
• 汙濁 / 污浊 (wūzhuó)
• 清塵濁水 / 清尘浊水
• 清渭濁涇 / 清渭浊泾
• 清濁 / 清浊 (qīngzhuó)
• 淟濁 / 淟浊
• 混濁 / 混浊 (hùnzhuó)
• 清濁同流 / 清浊同流
• 清聖濁賢 / 清圣浊贤
• 渾濁 / 浑浊 (húnzhuó)
• 溷濁 / 溷浊 (hùnzhuó)
• 濁世 / 浊世 (zhuóshì)
• 濁母 / 浊母
• 濁氣 / 浊气
• 濁水 / 浊水
• 濁水溪 / 浊水溪 (Zhuóshuǐxī)
• 濁流 / 浊流 (zhuóliú)
• 濁涇清渭 / 浊泾清渭
• 激濁揚清 / 激浊扬清
• 濁物 / 浊物
• 濁聲 / 浊声
• 濁聲母 / 浊声母
• 濁質凡姿 / 浊质凡姿
• 濁酒 / 浊酒 (zhuójiǔ)
• 濁酒粗食 / 浊酒粗食 (zhuójiǔ cūshí)
• 濁醪 / 浊醪
• 濁音 / 浊音 (zhuóyīn)
• 濁骨凡胎 / 浊骨凡胎
• 白濁 / 白浊
• 稠濁 / 稠浊
• 紛濁 / 纷浊
• 舉世混濁 / 举世混浊 (jǔshìhǔnzhuó)
• 行濁言清 / 行浊言清
• 言清行濁 / 言清行浊
• 貪濁有狀 / 贪浊有状

 

Etymology 2

trad.		濁
simp.		浊

Pronunciation

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lô

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lo⁵

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô
    • Tâi-lô: lô
    • Phofsit Daibuun: looi
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lo²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lo²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lo⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lô
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lo⁵⁵/

Definitions

濁

1. (Southern Min) Alternative form of 醪 (“murky; muddy; turbid; unclear”)
   • 2006, “濁水溪之戀”, 武雄 (lyrics), 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao] (music)‎^[1]performed by 詹雅雯 [Chan Ya-wen] and 蕭煌奇 [Ricky Hsiao]:

     濁濁的溪　流過咱往事彼呢多　流過咱初戀的情話 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     浊浊的溪　流过咱往事彼呢多　流过咱初恋的情话 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     lô-lô ê khe, lâu kòe lán óng-sū hiah-nī chōe, lâu kòe lán chho͘-loân ê chêng-ōe [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 2017, 陳百潭 [Paitan Chen] (lyrics and music), “心中尺”‎^[2]performed by 陳百潭 [Paitan Chen] and 張艾莉 [Elly Chang]:

     情河呀情河　尚驚水來變濁 [Taiwanese Hokkien, trad.]
     情河呀情河　尚惊水来变浊 [Taiwanese Hokkien, simp.]

     chêng hô--iah chêng hô, siōng kiaⁿ chúi lâi piàn lô [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     River of love, oh! river of love, I'm most afraid that the water would become unclear

Japanese

Shinjitai (extended)	浊
Kyūjitai	濁

Kanji

濁

(Jōyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 浊)

1. muddy
2. (phonetics) voiced consonant

Readings

• Go-on: じょく (joku)^{←ぢよく (dyoku, historical)}
• Kan-on: たく (taku)
• Kan’yō-on: だく (daku, Jōyō)
• Kun: にごす (nigosu, 濁す, Jōyō)、にごり (nigori, 濁り)、にごる (nigoru, 濁る, Jōyō)

Compounds

• 濁音(だくおん) (dakuon)
• 濁点(だくてん) (dakuten)
• 半濁点(はんだくてん) (handakuten)
• 連濁(れんだく) (rendaku): rendaku, sequential voicing

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 濁 (MC draewk). Recorded as Middle Korean 탁〮 (thák) (Yale: thak) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

Wikisource

濁 (eumhun 흐릴 탁 (heuril tak))

1. hanja form^? of 탁 (“muddy, cloudy”)

Compounds

• 혼탁 (混濁/溷濁/渾濁, hontak, “being muddy; turbid”)
• 탁류 (濁流, tangnyu, “muddy current; turbid waters”)
• 탁주 (濁酒, Takju, “Takju, Korean unfiltered rice wine”)
• 둔탁 (鈍濁, duntak, “being blunt; dull”)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

濁: Hán Nôm readings: trọc, đục, rục, sộc, chọc, trạc, trọa/troạ, trộc, trậc

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.