See also:
U+77F3, 石
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-77F3

[U+77F2]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+77F4]
U+2F6F, ⽯
KANGXI RADICAL STONE

[U+2F6E]
Kangxi Radicals
[U+2F70]

Translingual

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Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 112, +0, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一口 (MR), four-corner 10600, composition )

  1. Kangxi radical #112, .

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 827, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24024
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1239, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2416, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+77F3

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms
𥐖

𥐘
unit of measure

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         

Pictogram (象形) : a stone beneath a cliff (). The cliff was subsequently distorted into ; compare , as well as , .

Alternatively, a cave set into the side of a cliff or mountain.

Etymology 1

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Unknown. Probably related to Proto-Vietic *l-taːʔ (stone) (whence Vietnamese đá and Khmer ដា (daa, rock; stone)) (Schuessler, 2007), to which Chinese would have added the familiar final -k.

Pronunciation

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Note: sek6-2 - "gem, jewel, jade".
Note:
  • siŏh - vernacular;
  • sĭk - literary.
Note:
  • sieo2 - vernacular;
  • zieo2 - vernacular (limited, e.g. 石臼);
  • sieo2 - vernacular (used in place names, e.g. 下石);
  • sih7 - literary (incl. surname).
Note:
  • chio̍h - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • siā/sia̍h - vernacular (limited, e.g. 石榴, 石硯, 石石 (siā-chio̍h));
  • se̍k/si̍t/se̍t/sia̍k - literary.
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: ziêh8 / zioh8 / sig8 / sêg8 / siêh8 / sioh8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsie̍h / tsio̍h / si̍k / se̍k / sie̍h / sio̍h
      • Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sieʔ⁴/, /t͡sioʔ⁴/, /sik̚⁴/, /sek̚⁴/, /sieʔ⁴/, /sioʔ⁴/
Note:
  • ziêh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Chaozhou);
  • zioh8 - vernacular (incl. surname) (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang);
  • sig8 - literary (Chaozhou);
  • sêg8 - literary (Jieyang);
  • siêh8 - only in 石榴 (Chaozhou);
  • sioh8 - only in 石榴 (Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang).
    • (Leizhou)
      • Leizhou Pinyin: jio6 / xig4
      • Sinological IPA: /t͡siɔ³³/, /sik̚⁵/
Note:
  • jio6 - vernacular;
  • xig4 - literary.
Note:
  • Suzhou:
    • 8zaq - vernacular;
    • 8zeq - literary.
  • Ningbo:
    • 8zhiq - surname.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʂʐ̩³⁵/
Harbin /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Tianjin /ʂʐ̩⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Qingdao /ʃz̩⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʂʐ̩⁴²/
Xi'an /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xining /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂʐ̩¹³/
Lanzhou /ʂʐ̩⁵³/
Ürümqi /ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Wuhan /sz̩²¹³/
Chengdu /sz̩³¹/
Guiyang /sz̩²¹/
Kunming /ʂʐ̩³¹/
Nanjing /ʂʐ̩ʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /səʔ⁵⁴/
Pingyao /ʂʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /səʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /zaʔ¹/
Suzhou /zɑʔ³/
Hangzhou /zɑʔ²/
Wenzhou /zei²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ɕi²²/
Tunxi /ɕi¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ʂʐ̩²⁴/
Xiangtan /ʂɒ⁵⁵/
Gan Nanchang /sɑʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /sak̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʃɑk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /sɛk̚²/
Nanning /sɛk̚²²/
Hong Kong /sɛk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /sik̚⁵/
/t͡sioʔ⁵/
/sia²²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /suoʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡siɔ⁴⁴/
/si⁴⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sioʔ⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sek̚⁵/
/t͡sio³³/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (25)
Final () (123)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter dzyek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑiᴇk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑiɛk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑiæk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑiajk̚/
Li
Rong
/ʑiɛk̚/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭɛk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ʑi̯ɛk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
sik6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyek ›
Old
Chinese
/*dAk/
English stone

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 11470
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*djaɡ/

Definitions

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  1. stone; rock (Classifier: c;  c)
  2. (Cantonese) gem; jewel; jade
  3. a surname
      ―  Shí Yáng  ―  Shih Yang (a pirate leader who terrorized the China Seas during the early 19th century)
Synonyms
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Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (せき) (seki)
  • Korean: 석(石) (seok)
  • Vietnamese: thạch ()

(Others)

  • Tocharian B: cāk

Etymology 2

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Contains pronunciations from (dàn) (Qiu, 1988, p. 220).

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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  1. a unit of dry measure for grain (equal to 100 liters)

Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
いし
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

⟨isi⟩/iɕi/

From Old Japanese.[1] First cited in the Man'yōshū of 759. In turn, the Old Japanese is reconstructed as from Proto-Japonic *esoy.

Likely cognate with (iso, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いし) (ishi

  1. a stone
    • 1999 March 27, “ストーン・アルマジラー [Stone Armadiller]”, in Vol.2, Konami:
      (からだ)(いし)のように(かた)()(おお)われており、(まも)りがかたい。
      Karada ga ishi no yō ni katai ke de ōwareteori, mamori ga katai.
      With a body covered in a coat as hard as stones, its defence is solid.
  2. (slang, electronics) a transistor
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
こく
Grade: 1
kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese (MC huwk).

The spelling came about through customary use in Japan of this character for the unit of measure.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(こく) (koku

  1. a traditional Japanese unit of volume:
    1. for grains of rice; one koku is equal to approximately 180 litres
    2. (by extension, historical) for land of famous daimyo or samurai; one koku is also approximately 180 litres
    3. for 和船 (wasen); one koku is equal to 10 cubic shaku or approximately 0.278 cubic metres
  2. a unit of quantity for (sake, salmon) and (masu, trout); one koku is equal to 40 salmon or 60 trout
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
せき
Grade: 1
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC dzyek).

Pronunciation

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Counter

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(せき) (-seki

  1. counter for gemstones used as bearings in watches and other devices
  2. (slang, electronics) counter for transistors, especially discrete ones
    (ろく)(せき)ラジオ
    rokuseki rajio
    six-transistor radio

Noun

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(せき) (seki

  1. Same as こく (koku) above

Affix

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(せき) (seki

  1. stone
  2. needle made of stone
  3. go stone
  4. something solid but worthless
  5. Short for 石見 (Iwami-no-kuni): Iwami Province

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC dzyek).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 쎡〮 (Yale: ssyék)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 돌〯 (Yale: twǒl) 셕〮 (Yale: syék)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (dol seok))

  1. hanja form? of (stone)

Compounds

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Kunigami

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(しー) (shī

  1. stone

Miyako

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いす) (isu

  1. stone

Okinawan

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いし) (ishi

  1. stone

Old Japanese

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Etymology

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Cognate with (iso1, pebble; gravel; rocky beach).

Noun

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(isi) (kana いし)

  1. a stone
    • c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 5, poem 869:
      , text here
      多良志比賣可尾能美許等能奈都良須等美多多志世利斯伊志遠多礼美吉
      tarasi pi1me1 kami2 no2 mi1ko2to2 no2 na turasu to2 mi1-tatasi serisi isi wo tare miki1
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)
      [Note: Another version replaces na turasu to2 with 阿由都流等 (ayu turu to2, catching sweetfishes)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: (ishi)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Việt readings: thạch[1][2][3], đán[3]
: Nôm readings: thạch[1][2], sạch[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of thạch (stone).

Compounds

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References

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Yaeyama

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いしぃ) (isï

  1. stone

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese (ishi).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(いち) (ichi

  1. stone

References

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  • いち【石】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
  NODES
Note 11