See also: and
U+8AAA, 說
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AAA

[U+8AA9]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8AAB]
U+F96F, 說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96F

[U+F96E]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F970]
U+F9A1, 說
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9A1

[U+F9A0]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F9A2]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 
Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

edit

(Kangxi radical 149, +7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口金口山 (YRCRU), four-corner 08616, composition )

Derived characters

edit
edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1164, character 8
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35556
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1629, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 6, page 3979, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+8AAA

Chinese

edit
trad. /
simp.

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
   

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *hljods, *hljod, *lod) : semantic + phonetic (OC *l'oːds).

Etymology

edit

All of the pronunciations of this character are in the same word family apparently derived from a root *lo meaning “to loosen; to relax” (Schuessler, 2007); based on this, STEDT compares the word to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/s-lwat (free; release; slip; dislocate), whence also (OC *l̥ʰoːd, *l'oːd, “to peel off, take off (clothes), escape, etc.”). However, STEDT also offers an alternative derivation from a provisional Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-tsyat (to speak, say), comparing Tibetan འཆད ('chad, to say, explain), which is semantically more appealing; the association with the words associated with "release" may be a case of phonetic pigeonholing.

According to the "release" theory, Pronunciation 1 is derived by causative devoicing of (OC *lod, “to relax; to be delighted”) (pronunciation 3).

Pronunciation 2 is probably the exoactive of pronunciation 1.

Pronunciation 1

edit

Note: шә - dialectal.
Note:
  • sue5 - vernacular;
  • soeh6/syeh6 - literary.
Note:
  • seh/serh/soeh - vernacular;
  • soat - literary.

Rime
Character
Reading # 3/3
Initial () (26)
Final () (82)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter sywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕiuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕʷiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕjuæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕwiat̚/
Li
Rong
/ɕiuɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
syut3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shuō
Middle
Chinese
‹ sywet ›
Old
Chinese
/*l̥ot/
English speak, explain

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/3
No. 2571
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljod/

Definitions

edit

  1. to say; to speak
    漢語汉语  ―  shuō Hànyǔ  ―  speak Chinese
      ―  shuōhuà  ―  to speak
    [MSC, trad.]
    [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiù shì wǒ suǒ shuō de. [Pinyin]
    That’s what I said.
  2. to explain
    清楚清楚  ―  bǎ huà shuō qīngchǔ  ―  to make it clear
  3. to refer to
    不是 [MSC, trad.]
    不是 [MSC, simp.]
    Shì shuō nǐ, bùshì shuō tā. [Pinyin]
    I am talking about you, not them.
  4. to discuss
    沒有没有  ―  Méiyǒu hǎo shuō de.  ―  There is nothing to say.
  5. to introduce; to bring parties together
      ―  shuōméi  ―  to act as a matchmaker
  6. to criticize; to scold; to upbraid
    怎麼天天 [MSC, trad.]
    怎么天天 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zěnme tiāntiān dōu shuō wǒ? [Pinyin]
    Why do you constantly criticize me?
  7. to perform
    相聲相声  ―  shuō xiàngshēng  ―  to perform cross-talk
  8. theory; explanation
      ―  xuéshuō  ―  theory
      ―  jiǎshuō  ―  hypothesis
Synonyms
edit
  • (to say):
  • (to explain):
  • (to refer):
  • (to discuss):
  • (to criticize):
  • (theory):

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (せつ) (setsu)
  • Korean: 설(說) (seol)
  • Vietnamese: thuyết ()

Pronunciation 2

edit


Rime
Character
Reading # 1/3
Initial () (26)
Final () (36)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter sywejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɕiuᴇiH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɕʷiɛiH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɕiuæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɕwiajH/
Li
Rong
/ɕiuɛiH/
Wang
Li
/ɕĭwɛiH/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/ɕi̯wɛiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
shuì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
seoi3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/3
No. 2552
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*hljods/

Definitions

edit

  1. to persuade; to canvass; to lobby
  2. (Quanzhou Hokkien) to swindle; to defraud; to cheat out of
Synonyms
edit
  • (to persuade):

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic ():

Pronunciation 3

edit


Rime
Character
Reading # 2/3
Initial () (36)
Final () (82)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter ywet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/jiuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/jʷiɛt̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/juæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/jwiat̚/
Li
Rong
/iuɛt̚/
Wang
Li
/jĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/i̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jyut6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 3/3
No. 2577
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
3
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*lod/

Definitions

edit

  1. Alternative form of (yuè, happy; delighted)

Compounds

edit

Pronunciation 4

edit

Definitions

edit

  1. Alternative form of (to free; to relieve)

Compounds

edit

References

edit

Japanese

edit

Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

edit

(Hyōgai kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. opinion
  2. theory
  3. explanation
  4. rumor

Readings

edit

Usage notes

edit

This character lacks essential JIS support and is not used in Japanese. The character (U+8AAC) is used instead.

Korean

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Middle Chinese (MC sywet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: syyélq)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 니ᄅᆞᆯ (Yale: nilol) (Yale: syel)

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 말씀 (malsseum seol))

  1. hanja form? of (theory, opinion, view; rumour) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of (theory) [suffix]
  3. hanja form? of (to explain; to speak; to talk) [affix]
Compounds
edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Middle Chinese (MC sywejH).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄉᆒᆼ〮 (Yale: syyéy)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Sinjeung Yuhap, 1576 달앨 (Yale: talGayl) (Yale: syey)

Pronunciation

edit
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰe̞(ː)]
  • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

edit

(eumhun 달랠 (dallael se))

  1. hanja form? of (to persuade) [affix]
Compounds
edit

Etymology 3

edit

From Middle Chinese (MC ywet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄋᆑᇙ〮 (Yale: yyélq)

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit

(eumhun 기쁠 (gippeul yeol))

  1. hanja form? of (used in personal names) [1]
  2. (literary Chinese) Alternative form of (hanja form? of (to be happy))

References

edit
  1. ^ Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 29. [1]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [4]

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

: Hán Nôm readings: thuyết

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
  NODES
Association 1
Note 8