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Translingual
editHan character
edit賒 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 月金人一火 (BCOMF), four-corner 68891, composition ⿰貝佘)
References
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1208, character 35
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 49736
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3642, character 17
- Unihan data for U+8CD2
Chinese
edittrad. | 賒 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 赊 | |
alternative forms | 𧴳 賖 𧶟 |
Glyph origin
editHistorical forms of the character 賒 |
---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Small seal script |
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
斜 | *lja, *laː |
茶 | *rlaː |
荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
搽 | *rlaː |
塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
佘 | *ɦlja |
賒 | *hljaː |
畬 | *hljaː, *la |
舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
捨 | *hljaːʔ |
騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
涻 | *hljaːs |
稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
途 | *l'aː |
酴 | *l'aː |
駼 | *l'aː |
鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
嵞 | *l'aː |
峹 | *l'aː |
筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
蒤 | *l'aː |
徐 | *lja |
俆 | *lja |
敘 | *ljaʔ |
漵 | *ljaʔ |
除 | *l'a, *l'as |
篨 | *rla |
滁 | *rla |
蒢 | *rla |
蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
鵨 | *hljaː |
瑹 | *hlja |
余 | *la |
餘 | *la |
艅 | *la |
狳 | *la |
雓 | *la |
悆 | *las |
Originally written as 賖, which is a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *hljaː) : semantic 貝 (“shell”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la) – to buy or sell on credit.
In the era of Middle Chinese, a vulgar form 𧶟, also a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) with phonetic component 舍 (MC syaeX|syaeH) that was more similar-sounding to the character, once appeared but never became popularized.
The current form 賒 appeared as a vulgar form at the Ming-Qing transition and is a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声) with phonetic component 佘 that is similar-sounding to the character.
Etymology
editAccording to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej (“to change, exchange, buy”) (whence also 移 (OC *lal, “change, alter”) & 易 (OC *leɡ, “change, exchange”)); if so, Chinese vocalism might have been influenced by superficially similar words like 舍 (OC *hljaːʔ, “to bestow, to give”) (Schuessler, 2007).
商 (OC *hljaŋ) is its derivative with terminative suffix *-ŋ; 貰 (OC), minimally reconstructed as *lhas ~ *m-las, is another with *-s > *-h extrovert suffix (ibid.).
Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk)'s possible relation to 賒 (OC *hljaː) (ibid.) is through its cognate 易 (OC *leːɡs, *leɡ), wherefrom arose Thai แลก (lɛ̂ɛk), Lao ແລກ (lǣk), Shan လႅၵ်ႈ (lēk), Tai Nüa ᥘᥦᥐ (laek), & Ahom 𑜎𑜢𑜀𑜫 (lik) (Pittayaporn, 2014)
Lastly, Bodman (1980)) proposes cognacy to Tibetan གྱར་བ (gyar ba, “to borrow, to lend, to hire”).
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): shè
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): sa1
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): chiá
- Eastern Min (BUC): siă
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): si1
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 1so / 1suei
- Xiang (Loudi, Wiktionary): xio1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄕㄜ
- Tongyong Pinyin: she
- Wade–Giles: shê1
- Yale: shē
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: she
- Palladius: шэ (šɛ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂɤ⁵⁵/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: shè
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): she1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʂe³¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: se1
- Yale: sē
- Cantonese Pinyin: se1
- Guangdong Romanization: sé1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛː⁵⁵/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
- Jyutping++: soe1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sø²¹³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: sa1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sa⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâ
- Hakka Romanization System: caˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ca1
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰa²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiá
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰia⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: siă
- Sinological IPA (key): /sia⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Jyutping++: si1
- Sinological IPA (key): /si⁵³/
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Loudi)
- Wiktionary: xio1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɔ⁴⁴/
- (Loudi)
- Middle Chinese: syae
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥A/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hljaː/
Definitions
edit賒
- to buy and sell on credit
- † to forgive
- † distant; far
- † (of time) long; long-standing
- † sparse; rare
- † slow
Compounds
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “賒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A03960
Japanese
editKanji
edit- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings
editTày
editVerb
edit賒 (xa)
- Nôm form of xa (“to search, to look for”).
- 𫢋嗺燕九重𫠯賒
- Vủt xoi ẻn cửu túng lồng xa
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
References
edit- Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][2] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit賒: Hán Việt readings: xa
賒: Nôm readings: xa
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