静か
Japanese
editKanji in this term |
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静 |
しず Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Alternative spellings |
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靜か (kyūjitai) 閑か |
Etymology
editCompound of 静 (shizu, bound morpheme indicating “quietness” or “calmness”) + か (-ka, suffixing element used to form na adjectives). The shizu portion is cognate with the shizu in 静まる (shizumaru, “to become quiet”) and 沈む (shizumu, “to sink; to set (such as the sun or moon); to become depressed”).[1][2] This shizu might also be related to 下 (shita, “down; below”).
First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
edit静か • (shizuka) ←しづか (siduka)?-na (adnominal 静かな (shizuka na), adverbial 静かに (shizuka ni))
Usage notes
editFor degree, corresponding to the English quietness, both 静かさ (shizukasa) and 静けさ (shizukesa) can be used, but 静けさ (shizukesa) may be more common. Note that shizukesa derives from the related archaic adjective 靜けし (shizukeshi, “quiet, calm”).
Inflection
editInflection of 静か
Stem forms | |||
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Imperfective (未然形) | 静かだろ | しずかだろ | shizuka daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 静かで | しずかで | shizuka de |
Terminal (終止形) | 静かだ | しずかだ | shizuka da |
Attributive (連体形) | 静かな | しずかな | shizuka na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 静かなら | しずかなら | shizuka nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 静かであれ | しずかであれ | shizuka de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 静かではない 静かじゃない |
しずかではない しずかじゃない |
shizuka de wa nai shizuka ja nai |
Informal past | 静かだった | しずかだった | shizuka datta |
Informal negative past | 静かではなかった 静かじゃなかった |
しずかではなかった しずかじゃなかった |
shizuka de wa nakatta shizuka ja nakatta |
Formal | 静かです | しずかです | shizuka desu |
Formal negative | 静かではありません 静かじゃありません |
しずかではありません しずかじゃありません |
shizuka de wa arimasen shizuka ja arimasen |
Formal past | 静かでした | しずかでした | shizuka deshita |
Formal negative past | 静かではありませんでした 静かじゃありませんでした |
しずかではありませんでした しずかじゃありませんでした |
shizuka de wa arimasen deshita shizuka ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 静かで | しずかで | shizuka de |
Conditional | 静かなら(ば) | しずかなら(ば) | shizuka nara (ba) |
Provisional | 静かだったら | しずかだったら | shizuka dattara |
Volitional | 静かだろう | しずかだろう | shizuka darō |
Adverbial | 静かに | しずかに | shizuka ni |
Degree | 静かさ | しずかさ | shizukasa |
Synonyms
editAntonyms
editRelated terms
edit- 静心 (shizugokoro): a calm and quiet mind
- 静静 (shizushizu): quietly, softly, calmly
- 沈む (shizumu): to sink; to set (such as the sun or moon); to become depressed
- 静まる (shizumaru): to become still or quiet
- 静める (shizumeru): to make still or quiet; to appease; to soothe, to relieve; to quell, to put down
- 鎮宮 (shizumiya): a shrine where a 神 (kami) is honored and offerings are made
References
editCategories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 静 read as しず
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms suffixed with か
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms historically spelled with づ
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples