-esc

See also: esc, Esc, ESC, and ␛

Catalan

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin -iscus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈɛsk]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈəsk]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈesk]

Suffix

-esc (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -esca, masculine plural -escs or -escos, feminine plural -esques)

1. -esque (in the style or manner of)
2. (usually derogatory) -ic (relating or pertinent to)

Derived terms

Catalan terms suffixed with -esc

See also

• -ic

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /-esk/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-iskos

Proto-Germanic *-iskaz

Proto-West Germanic *-iskbor.

Latin -iscus

Romanian -esc

Etymology tree

French -esquebor.

Romanian -esc

Inherited from Late Latin or Vulgar Latin -iscus for older words and the common Romanian surname ending -escu, as well as the place name suffix -ești formed from the plural. Based on French -esque for many newer words or neologisms, which appear after the mid-19th century.

Suffix

-esc m (feminine singular -ească, plural -ești, adverbial -ește)

1. -esque, -ish (used with a root to form adjectives)

Declension

		singular				plural
		masculine	neuter	feminine		masculine	neuter	feminine
nominative- accusative	indefinite	-esc		-ească		-ești	-ești
	definite	-escul		-easca		-eștii	-eștile
genitive- dative	indefinite	-esc		-ești		-ești	-ești
	definite	-escului		-eștii		-eștilor	-eștilor

Derived terms

• bărbătesc
• creștinesc
• -escu
• femeiesc
• frățesc
• omenesc
• românesc

 

Romanian terms suffixed with -esc

Related terms

• -ește (adverbial form)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁ti

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₁yetider.

Proto-Italic *-ēō

Latin -eō

Proto-Italic *-skō

Latin -scō

Latin -escō

Romanian -esc

(Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?) A form of the infix -esc-, from Latin -ēscō (and -ēscunt in the case of the third-person plural). Cognates include Aromanian -escu, Italian -isco, -iscono, Spanish -ezco, -ecen, Catalan -eixo, -eixen.

Alternative forms

• -ăsc

Suffix

-esc

1. Used with a stem to form the first-person singular and third-person plural present of most regular -i (fourth conjugation) verbs. E.g. unesc, tușesc, feresc, pățesc, urăsc.

Related terms

• -ești
• -ește

References

• -esc in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)