-ge

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ge"

Northern Sami

Etymology

Possibly cognate to Finnish -kin, Erzya -ке (-ke).

Particle

-ge

1. also, too
2. even
3. moreover
4. (with negative verb) nor

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[1], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland

Old English

Alternative forms

• -gēa

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gawi, from Proto-Germanic *gawją, *gawjō, *gawô (“country, region, environment”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jeː/

Suffix

-ġē

1. suffix used to denote a region or territory

   ǣlġē ― eel-country

2. suffix used in placenames meaning region of, or district of

   Sūþrīeġ, Sūþrīġe ― Surrey (literally, “Southerly District”)

Descendants

• -y, -ey found in some English placenames

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• -ge (Latin script)
• & (Brahmi script)
• & (Devanagari script)
• & (Bengali script)
• -ගෙ (Sinhalese script)
• & or & (Burmese script)
• & (Thai script)
• & (Tai Tham script)
• & (Lao script)
• & (Khmer script)
• & (Chakma script)

Adjective

-ge

1. inflection of -ga (“going”):
   1. locative singular masculine/neuter
   2. accusative plural masculine

Wutunhua

Etymology

From Mandarin 個／个.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kə]

Suffix

-ge

1. A referential marker attached to numerals or singular nominals, emphasizing that a specific individual entity (or entities) are being referred to, rather than being a general statement, a property, an abstract conception, etc.

   awo liang-ge yida zhan-she-ma-li.

   Two men[REF] were standing together.

   (Quoted in Sandman, p. 64)

   je nian nga-n-de dojjai qhichai-ge mai-she-lio.

   This year our Dojjai bought a [certain] car.

   (Quoted in Sandman, p. 65)

   jashe qe-di-de-ge ngu jhan-lio.

   I saw that Jashe was eating.

   (literally, “[As for] Jashe's eating[REF], I saw it.”)

   (Quoted in Sandman, p. 65)

2. each; used with a distributive sense.

   ren-ge-ha dong yi-zek-ma ek bai.

   Each person [gets] one thousand and two hundred.

   (Quoted in Sandman, p. 65)

3. Used to introduce and foreground a new participant or character when telling a story, etc.

Usage notes

-ge is obligatory after a numeral when it directly attributes a noun, except for nouns which are units of time or certain mass nouns (containers, etc.).

Related terms

• gu-ge (“that”)
• je-ge (“this”)
• -jhege (“some”)
• -liangge (“with”)

 

References

• Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎^[3], University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN