-lo

See also: Appendix:Variations of "lo" and -ло

Finnish

Etymology

From -la +‎ -i (with later labialization).

Suffix

-lo (front vowel harmony variant -lö, linguistic notation -lO)

1. Forms various nouns.

Usage notes

• With bisyllabic stems, the preceding -a-, -ä- usually changes to -e- (compare -ella). e-stems however generally have the -e- turn into an -i-.

Declension

Inflection of -lo (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)
nominative		-lo	-lot
genitive		-lon	-lojen -loiden -loitten
partitive		-loa	-loja -loita
illative		-loon	-loihin
		singular	plural
nominative		-lo	-lot
accusative	nom.	-lo	-lot
	gen.	-lon
genitive		-lon	-lojen -loiden -loitten
partitive		-loa	-loja -loita
inessive		-lossa	-loissa
elative		-losta	-loista
illative		-loon	-loihin
adessive		-lolla	-loilla
ablative		-lolta	-loilta
allative		-lolle	-loille
essive		-lona	-loina
translative		-loksi	-loiksi
abessive		-lotta	-loitta
instructive		—	-loin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of -lo (Kotus type 2/palvelu, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -loni -loni accusative nom. -loni -loni gen. -loni genitive -loni -lojeni -loideni -loitteni partitive -loani -lojani -loitani inessive -lossani -loissani elative -lostani -loistani illative -looni -loihini adessive -lollani -loillani ablative -loltani -loiltani allative -lolleni -loilleni essive -lonani -loinani translative -lokseni -loikseni abessive -lottani -loittani instructive — — comitative — -loineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative -losi -losi accusative nom. -losi -losi gen. -losi genitive -losi -lojesi -loidesi -loittesi partitive -loasi -lojasi -loitasi inessive -lossasi -loissasi elative -lostasi -loistasi illative -loosi -loihisi adessive -lollasi -loillasi ablative -loltasi -loiltasi allative -lollesi -loillesi essive -lonasi -loinasi translative -loksesi -loiksesi abessive -lottasi -loittasi instructive — — comitative — -loinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -lomme -lomme accusative nom. -lomme -lomme gen. -lomme genitive -lomme -lojemme -loidemme -loittemme partitive -loamme -lojamme -loitamme inessive -lossamme -loissamme elative -lostamme -loistamme illative -loomme -loihimme adessive -lollamme -loillamme ablative -loltamme -loiltamme allative -lollemme -loillemme essive -lonamme -loinamme translative -loksemme -loiksemme abessive -lottamme -loittamme instructive — — comitative — -loinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative -lonne -lonne accusative nom. -lonne -lonne gen. -lonne genitive -lonne -lojenne -loidenne -loittenne partitive -loanne -lojanne -loitanne inessive -lossanne -loissanne elative -lostanne -loistanne illative -loonne -loihinne adessive -lollanne -loillanne ablative -loltanne -loiltanne allative -lollenne -loillenne essive -lonanne -loinanne translative -loksenne -loiksenne abessive -lottanne -loittanne instructive — — comitative — -loinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative -lonsa -lonsa accusative nom. -lonsa -lonsa gen. -lonsa genitive -lonsa -lojensa -loidensa -loittensa partitive -loaan -loansa -lojaan -loitaan -lojansa -loitansa inessive -lossaan -lossansa -loissaan -loissansa elative -lostaan -lostansa -loistaan -loistansa illative -loonsa -loihinsa adessive -lollaan -lollansa -loillaan -loillansa ablative -loltaan -loltansa -loiltaan -loiltansa allative -lolleen -lollensa -loilleen -loillensa essive -lonaan -lonansa -loinaan -loinansa translative -lokseen -loksensa -loikseen -loiksensa abessive -lottaan -lottansa -loittaan -loittansa instructive — — comitative — -loineen -loinensa

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -lo

Italian

Pronoun

-lo

1. (enclitic) Alternative form of lo

   dare (“to give”) → darlo (“to give it”)

   vendere (“to sell”) → venderlo (“to sell it”)

   servire (“to serve”) → servirlo (“to serve it”)

   mangia (“eat!”) → mangialo (“eat it!”)

Usage notes

• Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive accusative forms when the object is third singular masculine person. Also appended to second singular person imperative forms. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -arlo

-ere → -erlo

-ire → -irlo

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurlo (“to introduce him”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -lo.

Latin

Suffix

-lō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -lus

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-dlo.

Suffix

-lo (Cyrillic spelling -ло)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting senses or objects, used as a pejorative or as an abstract noun.
2. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine or neuter noun, usually for forming diminutives, pejoratives, abstract nouns and for denoting a tool.

See also

• -alo
• -ilo

Swahili

Other scripts
Ajami	ـلُ

Suffix

-lo

1. ji class_(V) relative marker
   • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎^[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:

     مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،

     Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?

     Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?

See also

Swahili verbal concords (third person)

Class	Subject concord		Object concord	Relative
	affirmative	negative
m(I)	a-, yu-	ha-, hayu-	-m-, -mw-, -mu-	-ye
wa(II)	wa-	hawa-	-wa-	-o
m(III)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
mi(IV)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
ji(V)	li-	hali-	-li-	-lo
ma(VI)	ya-	haya-	-ya-	-yo
ki(VII)	ki-	haki-	-ki-	-cho
vi(VIII)	vi-	havi-	-vi-	-vyo
n(IX)	i-	hai-	-i-	-yo
n(X)	zi-	hazi-	-zi-	-zo
u(XI)	u-	hau-	-u-	-o
ku(XV/XVII)	ku-	haku-	-ku-	-ko
pa(XVI)	pa-	hapa-	-pa-	-po
mu(XVIII)	m-, mw-, mu-	ham-, hamw-, hamu-	-mu-	-mo
For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns.