Wiktionary

keen

See also: Keen, keéṇ, and kɛ́ɛn

English

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WOTD – 5 October 2017

Pronunciation

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A sharp cleaver has a cutting edge that is keen (etymology 1, sense 3)

Etymology 1

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From Middle English kene (“bold, brave, sharp”), from Old English cēne (“keen, fierce, bold, brave, warlike, powerful; learned, clever, wise”), from Proto-Germanic *kōniz (“knowledgeable, skilful, experienced, clever, capable”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).

Cognate with Danish køn (“handsome, pretty”), Dutch kien (“smart, wise, able”), koen (“daring, valiant, doughty, courageous”), German kühn (“bold, daring, audacious, hardy, valiant, venturesome”), Icelandic kænn (“wise, crafty, clever, able”), Faroese kønur (“expert (in, on), experienced, skilful, able, capable”), Scots keen (“lively, brisk; avaricious”). Related to Old English cunnan (“to know how to, be able to”). More at cunning, can.

Alternative forms

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Adjective

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keen (comparative keener or more keen, superlative keenest or most keen)

  2. (chiefly Commonwealth) Often with a prepositional phrase, or with to and an infinitive: showing a quick and ardent responsiveness or willingness; eager, enthusiastic, interested.
    I’m keen on computers.
    I’m keen on you. ― I like you.
    She’s keen to learn another language.
    “Do you want to go on holiday with me?”   “Yes, I’m keen.”
  3. Fierce, intense, vehement.
    This boy has a keen appetite.
  4. Having a fine edge or point; sharp.
  5. Acute of mind, having or expressing mental acuteness; penetrating, sharp.
    • 1609, William Shakespeare, “A Louers Complaint”, in Shake-speares Sonnets. […]‎[2], London: By G[eorge] Eld for T[homas] T[horpe] and are to be sold by William Aspley, →OCLC:
      For when we rage, aduiſe is often ſeene
      By blunting vs to make our wits more keene.
    • 1781 January, William Cowper, “Table Talk”, in Poems, 4th edition, London: Printed for J. Johnson, No. 72, St. Paul's Church Yard, published 1782, →OCLC, page 11, lines 492–495:
      So, when remote futurity is brought / Before the keen inquiry of her thought, / A terrible sagacity informs / The poet's heart; […]
    • 1892, Walt Whitman, “Notes Left Over: Emerson's Books”, in Complete Prose Works‎[3]:
      These books will fill, and well fill, certain stretches of life […] But in old or nervous or solemnest or dying hours, when one needs the impalpably soothing and vitalizing influences of abysmic Nature, or its affinities in literature or human society, and the soul resents the keenest mere intellection, they will not be sought for.
  6. Acrimonious, bitter, piercing.
    keen satire or sarcasm
  7. Of cold, wind, etc.: cutting, penetrating, piercing, sharp.
    a keen wind
    the cold is very keen
  8. (British) Of prices, extremely low as to be competitive.
  9. (US, informal, dated) Marvelous.
    I just got this peachy keen new dress.
  10. (obsolete) Brave, courageous; audacious, bold.
Usage notes
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Keen is often used to create compounds, the meaning of most of them being fairly obvious, for example, keen-edged, keen-eyed, keen-sighted, keen-witted, etc.

Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Verb

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keen (third-person singular simple present keens, present participle keening, simple past and past participle keened)

  1. (transitive, rare) To make cold, to sharpen.
    • a. 1749 (date written), James Thomson, “Summer”, in The Seasons, London: […] A[ndrew] Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, […], published 1768, →OCLC, page 93, lines 1256–1259:
      This is the pureſt exerciſe of health, / The kind refreſher of the ſummer-heats; / Nor, when cold Winter keens the brightening flood, / Would I weak-ſhivering linger on the brink.

Etymology 2

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From Irish caoin (“to cry, weep; to keen”).

Noun

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keen (plural keens)

  1. A prolonged wail for a deceased person.
    • 1922, Michael Arlen, “3/5/1”, in “Piracy”: A Romantic Chronicle of These Days, London: W[illiam] Collins Sons & Co., →OCLC, →OL:
      [S]he went so swiftly that he could only follow her to the door. The large shape of the car swallowed her up; and the car twisted softly around the little drive and away to the London road. Minutes later he heard its Klaxon, just one sharp keen, like the harsh cry of a sea-bird.

Verb

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keen (third-person singular simple present keens, present participle keening, simple past and past participle keened)

  2. (intransitive) To utter a keen.
    Synonyms: howl, wail
    • 20th century, Stuart Howard-Jones (1904–1974), “Hibernia”, in Kingsley Amis, comp., The New Oxford Book of English Light Verse, New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1978, →ISBN, page 243:
      Last night he had put down too much Potheen / (A vulgar blend of Methyl and Benzene) / That, at some Wake, he might the better keen. / (Keen—meaning 'brisk'? Nay, here the Language warps: / 'Tis singing bawdy Ballads to a Corpse.)
  3. (transitive) To utter with a loud wailing voice or wordless cry.
  4. (transitive) To mourn.
    Synonyms: grieve, lament; see also Thesaurus:lament
    • 1996, Virginia Warner Brodine, Seed of the Fire, New York, N.Y.: International Publishers, →ISBN, page 28:
      I keened my Gran, I keened my babies, but then my words poured out of my grief. I don't have the full heart like that for Owen, sorry as I am for his goin. Without the heavy grief on me I can maybe think of the words easier.
    • 2017, Neil Gaiman, Norse Mythology, Bloomsbury Publishing, page 113:
      She sniffed and nodded and cried and wailed and keened for her husband, who would never come back to her.
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References

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Anagrams

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Basque

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Noun

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keen

  1. genitive plural of ke

Central Franconian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German (en) kein, from nechein, from Old High German nehhein. Cognate with German kein, Dutch geen.

Pronunciation

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Determiner

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keen

  1. (most of Ripuarian, western Moselle Franconian) no, not a, not any
    Ich hann keen Belder. / Belder hann ich er keen.
    I have no pictures.

Declension

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  • The declension is equivalent to that of een (“one”), which see. Keen has additional plural forms, however, which are the same as the feminine forms (but dative plural usually keene). Moreover, keen cannot be used after other determiners.

Hunsrik

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Pronunciation

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Particle

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keen

  1. no, not any, not a
    Ich sin keen Becker.
    I am not a baker.
    Du host keen Grund fer sowas se denke.
    You have no reason to think so.

Declension

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Hunsrik negative articles
Masculine Feminine Neutral Plural
nom./acc. keen keen keen keen, keene1
dative keem keener keem keene

1Form used when the plural of the noun is the same as the singular

Further reading

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Luxembourgish

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Etymology

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From Middle High German kein, from the merger of dechein, dehein ("someone; anyone", from Old High German dehein) and Middle High German nechein, nehein ("not any", from Old High German nihein).

Pronunciation

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Particle

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keen m or n

  1. no, not any, not a

Declension

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Luxembourgish negative articles
masculine feminine neuter plural
nom./acc. keen keng keen keng
dative kengem kenger kengem kengen

Narragansett

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Etymology

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From Proto-Algonquian *kiᐧlawa. Compare Ojibwe giin.[1]

Pronoun

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keèn

  1. you, thou (second-person singular pronoun)

Usage notes

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Usually precedes a verb or noun, like neèn but unlike ewò.[2]

References

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  1. ^ Hewson, John (2017) “*kiᐧlawa”, in Proto-Algonquian Online Dictionary, Carleton University, School of Linguistics and Applied Language Studies
  2. ^ F. O'Brien & J. Jennings (2001) Introduction to the Narragansett Language‎[1], Newport: Aquidneck Indian Council, →LCCN, page 71

Further reading

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Somali

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Verb

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keen

  1. bring

Yola

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle English kene, from Old English cēne.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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keen

  1. sharp

References

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  • Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 49
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  NODES
eth 3
see 6
Story 1