apartheid
English
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.
Pronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation, strictly) IPA(key): /əˈpɑːtheɪt/, /əˈpɑːthaɪt/
- (US, strictly) enPR: ə-pärtʹhāt, ə-pärtʹhīt, IPA(key): /əˈpɑɹtheɪt/, /əˈpɑɹthaɪt/
- Note: the h is very often not pronounced because of the difficulty of following /t/ with /h/, but the sequence is not pronounced as the digraph th (/ð/, /θ/).
- (US, laxly) enPR: ə-pärʹtīd, IPA(key): /əˈpɑɹ.taɪd/
Noun
editapartheid (countable and uncountable, plural apartheids)
- (South Africa, historical) The policy of racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990.
- Synonym: plural relations
- 1994, Nelson Mandela, Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, London: Abacus, published 2010, pages 127-128:
- The premise of apartheid was that whites were superior to Africans, Coloureds and Indians, and the function of it was to entrench white supremacy forever.
- (by extension) Any similar policy of racial separation or segregation and discrimination, particularly when in favor of a minority rule.
- The 1973 Apartheid Convention conferred universal jurisdiction to the state signatories to prosecute those who commit apartheid.
- 1963, Justice William O. Douglas, concurring, Lombard v. Louisiana (373 U.S. 267):
- When the doors of a business are open to the public, they must be open to all regardless of race if apartheid is not to become engrained in our public […] .
- (by extension) A policy or situation of segregation based on some specified attribute.
- 2008, Peter Hewitt, Kenya Cowboy: A Police Officer's Account of the Mau Mau Emergency, →ISBN, page 64:
- Fifteen minutes drive to the Brown Trout was guaranteed to satisfy my appetite because there, as with other clubs and hotel bars, a form of sex apartheid was practised. The males assembled in the region of the bar and the opposite gender either sat discreetly detached or strayed outside to gossip gaily among themselves.
- 2009, Moorthy Muthuswamy, Defeating Political Islam: The New Cold War, →ISBN, page 120:
- In these annual reports, the religious apartheid practices in India are not mentioned at all.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:apartheid.
Verb
editapartheid (third-person singular simple present apartheids, present participle apartheiding, simple past and past participle apartheided)
- To impose a policy of segregation of groups of people, especially one based on race.
- 1986, Stanlake John Thompson Samkange, On Trial for that U.D.I.: A Novel, page 79:
- Yes, apartheiding the apartheiders, is what the rest of the world is doing.
- 1989, Instauration - Volumes 15-16, page 36:
- Whatever the reason the blacks have for "apartheiding" Boston, whites should be all for it.
- 2003, Mayur K. Lakhani, A Celebration of General Practice, →ISBN, page 183:
- The most deadly of all ghosts are wandering over Britain and medicine, apartheiding people into superiors and nonentities.
- 2009, Shirley R. Steinberg, Diversity and Multiculturalism: A Reader, →ISBN, page 151:
- Speaking of the resulting apartheiding of British Columbia, Cole Harris observed, "racism was built into the landscape of settlement."
- 2011, Timothy J. Stanley, Contesting White Supremacy, →ISBN, page 64:
- By 1922, the apartheiding of British Columbia was cemented into a public and private English-language discourse that took for granted how and where one racialized body was placed in relation to another, and in turn how each related to the state system.
Antonyms
editDerived terms
edit- anti-apartheidism
- anti-apartheidist
- apartheid anthem
- apartheider
- apartheidesque
- apartheid flag
- apartheidic
- apartheidisation
- apartheidish
- apartheidism
- apartheidist
- apartheidistic
- apartheidization
- apartheidize
- apartheidlike
- apartheidness
- ecoapartheid
- eco-apartheid
- grand apartheid
- petty apartheid
- postapartheid
- preapartheid
Related terms
editTranslations
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Anagrams
editAfrikaans
editEtymology
editFrom Dutch apartheid, equivalent to apart (“separate, apart”) + -heid (“-ness, -hood”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editapartheid (uncountable)
Dutch
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom apart (“separate, apart”) + -heid (“-hood”).
Noun
editapartheid f (plural apartheden, diminutive apartheidje n)
- the state of being separate; separateness
- a characteristic that sets something or someone apart
Descendants
edit- Afrikaans: apartheid
Etymology 2
editBorrowed from Afrikaans apartheid, from Dutch apartheid.
Noun
editapartheid f (uncountable)
- the policy of racial separation used in South Africa from 1948 to 1990; apartheid
- (by extension) any similar policy of racial separation
- 2007 December 13, “Prins Claus en de NCO”, in Andere Tijden: VPRO:
- In januari 1972 komt een subsidieaanvraag binnen van het Angola Comité voor een boycotactie van koffie afkomstig uit Angola. Het land is in die tijd een provincie van Portugal, dat hardnekkig weigert de voormalige kolonie op te geven. De actie is tegen kolonialisme, rassendiscriminatie en apartheid.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Derived terms
editAnagrams
editFinnish
editEtymology
editFrom Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /ˈɑpɑrthɑi̯d/, [ˈɑ̝pɑ̝r.t̪hɑ̝i̯d]
- Rhymes: -ɑpɑrthɑid
Noun
editapartheid
Declension
editInflection of apartheid (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | apartheid | apartheidit | |
genitive | apartheidin | apartheidien | |
partitive | apartheidia | apartheideja | |
illative | apartheidiin | apartheideihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | apartheid | apartheidit | |
accusative | nom. | apartheid | apartheidit |
gen. | apartheidin | ||
genitive | apartheidin | apartheidien | |
partitive | apartheidia | apartheideja | |
inessive | apartheidissa | apartheideissa | |
elative | apartheidista | apartheideista | |
illative | apartheidiin | apartheideihin | |
adessive | apartheidilla | apartheideilla | |
ablative | apartheidilta | apartheideilta | |
allative | apartheidille | apartheideille | |
essive | apartheidina | apartheideina | |
translative | apartheidiksi | apartheideiksi | |
abessive | apartheiditta | apartheideitta | |
instructive | — | apartheidein | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “apartheid”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
French
editEtymology
editFrom Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + -heid (cognate of English -hood).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editapartheid m (plural apartheid)
- (history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
- apartheid (any policy of racial separation)
Synonyms
editAnagrams
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (“South Africa policy of racial separation”, literally “separateness, apartness”), from Dutch apartheid.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editaparthéid (uncountable)
- (historical) apartheid: the policy of racial separation used by South Africa from 1948 to 1990.
Alternative forms
editFurther reading
edit- “apartheid” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /a.parˈtajd/, (careful style) /a.parˈtɛjd/, (careful style) /a.parˈtejd/[1]
- Rhymes: -ajd, (careful style) -ɛjd, (careful style) -ejd
Noun
editapartheid m (invariable)
- (history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
- apartheid (any policy of racial separation)
References
edit- ^ apartheid in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
Further reading
edit- apartheid in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editNoun
editapartheid m (definite singular apartheiden, uncountable)
References
edit- “apartheid” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
- “apartheid” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
Norwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology
editNoun
editapartheid m (definite singular apartheiden, uncountable)
References
edit- “apartheid” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /aˈpart.xajt/, /aˈpart.xɛjt/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -artxajt, -artxɛjt
- Syllabification: a‧part‧heid
Noun
editapartheid m inan
- (historical) apartheid (policy of racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
Declension
editsingular | |
---|---|
nominative | apartheid |
genitive | apartheidu |
dative | apartheidowi |
accusative | apartheid |
instrumental | apartheidem |
locative | apartheidzie |
vocative | apartheidzie |
Further reading
editPortuguese
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid, from Dutch apartheid.
Pronunciation
edit- (Brazil) IPA(key): /a.paʁˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.pahˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtej.d͡ʒi/ [a.pahˈteɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtejd͡ʒ/ [a.pahˈteɪ̯d͡ʒ]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /a.paɾˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.paɾˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paɾˈtej.d͡ʒi/ [a.paɾˈteɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paɾˈtejd͡ʒ/ [a.paɾˈteɪ̯d͡ʒ]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /a.paʁˈtaj.d͡ʒi/ [a.paχˈtaɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtej.d͡ʒi/ [a.paχˈteɪ̯.d͡ʒi], /a.paʁˈtejd͡ʒ/ [a.paχˈteɪ̯d͡ʒ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /a.paɻˈtaj.de/ [a.paɻˈtaɪ̯.de], /a.paɻˈtejd͡ʒ/ [a.paɻˈteɪ̯d͡ʒ], /a.paɻˈtej.d͡ʒi/ [a.paɻˈteɪ̯.d͡ʒi]
- Hyphenation: apar‧theid
Noun
editapartheid m (plural apartheids)
- (historical) apartheid (policy of racial separation in South Africa)
- apartheid (any policy of racial separation)
Romanian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Afrikaans apartheid.
Noun
editapartheid n (uncountable)
Declension
editsingular only | indefinite | definite |
---|---|---|
nominative-accusative | apartheid | apartheidul |
genitive-dative | apartheid | apartheidului |
vocative | apartheidule |
Slovak
editPronunciation
editNoun
editapartheid m inan (related adjective apartheidový)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | apartheid | apartheidy |
genitive | apartheidu | apartheidov |
dative | apartheidu | apartheidom |
accusative | apartheid | apartheidy |
locative | apartheide | apartheidoch |
instrumental | apartheidom | apartheidmi |
Further reading
edit- “apartheid”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024
Spanish
editEtymology
editUnadapted borrowing from Afrikaans apartheid (literally “separateness, apartness”) (1929 in a South African socio-political context), from Afrikaans apart (“separate”) + suffix -heid, cognate of English -hood.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editapartheid m (plural apartheids or apartheid)
- (history) apartheid (racial separation in South Africa from 1948 to 1990)
- apartheid (any policy of racial separation)
Usage notes
editAccording to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Further reading
edit- “apartheid”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
- “apartheid” in Diccionario panhispánico de dudas, segunda edición, Real Academia Española, 2023. →ISBN
Swedish
editNoun
editapartheid c
- (South africa, historical) apartheid
- (by extension) apartheid (more generally)
Declension
editnominative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|
singular | indefinite | apartheid | apartheids |
definite | apartheiden | apartheidens | |
plural | indefinite | — | — |
definite | — | — |
References
edit- English terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- English terms derived from Afrikaans
- English 3-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- South African English
- English terms with historical senses
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with usage examples
- English verbs
- en:History of Africa
- en:Racism
- en:South African politics
- English terms with consonant pseudo-digraphs
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms suffixed with -heid
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans nouns
- Afrikaans uncountable nouns
- af:South African politics
- af:Racism
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch terms suffixed with -heid
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch feminine nouns
- Dutch terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Dutch terms derived from Afrikaans
- Dutch terms borrowed back into Dutch
- Dutch uncountable nouns
- Dutch terms with quotations
- Finnish terms derived from Afrikaans
- Finnish 3-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑpɑrthɑid
- Rhymes:Finnish/ɑpɑrthɑid/3 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- Finnish risti-type nominals
- French terms derived from Afrikaans
- French 3-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- fr:History
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Indonesian unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Indonesian terms derived from Afrikaans
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian 4-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Indonesian uncountable nouns
- Indonesian terms with historical senses
- Italian terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Italian unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Italian terms derived from Afrikaans
- Italian 3-syllable words
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Italian/ajd
- Rhymes:Italian/ajd/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛjd
- Rhymes:Italian/ɛjd/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Italian/ejd
- Rhymes:Italian/ejd/3 syllables
- Italian lemmas
- Italian nouns
- Italian indeclinable nouns
- Italian countable nouns
- Italian masculine nouns
- it:History
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Afrikaans
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål uncountable nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål masculine nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Afrikaans
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk uncountable nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine nouns
- Polish terms derived from Dutch
- Polish terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Polish unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Polish terms derived from Afrikaans
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/artxajt
- Rhymes:Polish/artxajt/3 syllables
- Rhymes:Polish/artxɛjt
- Rhymes:Polish/artxɛjt/3 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish terms with historical senses
- Polish singularia tantum
- pl:Racism
- pl:South Africa
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Portuguese unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Portuguese terms derived from Afrikaans
- Portuguese terms derived from Dutch
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Portuguese terms with historical senses
- Romanian terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Romanian terms derived from Afrikaans
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian nouns
- Romanian uncountable nouns
- Romanian neuter nouns
- Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovak lemmas
- Slovak nouns
- Slovak masculine nouns
- Slovak inanimate nouns
- Slovak terms with declension dub
- Spanish terms borrowed from Afrikaans
- Spanish unadapted borrowings from Afrikaans
- Spanish terms derived from Afrikaans
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/eid
- Rhymes:Spanish/eid/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish nouns with multiple plurals
- Spanish masculine nouns
- es:History
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- Swedish terms with historical senses