in
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Page categories
Translingual
editSymbol
editin
- (international standards, obsolete) Former ISO 639-1 language code for Indonesian.
- Synonym: id (current)
English
editPronunciation
edit- (stressed)
- (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ĭn, IPA(key): /ɪn/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘn/
Audio (US): (file) Audio (General Australian): (file)
- (unstressed)
- (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ĭn, IPA(key): /ɪn/
- (General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ən, IPA(key): /ən/
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘn/
- Rhymes: -ɪn
- Homophone: inn
Etymology 1
editPIE word |
---|
*h₁en |
Preposition and verb from Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Adverb, noun and adjective from Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.
Sense 1/2 "in"/"into" are from the original PIE prefix, with locative/accusative case respectively. Sense 3/4 "qualification"/"means" are from the PIE metaphor of all infinitives coming from locatives.
Alternative forms
edit- i' (colloquial, poetic)
Preposition
editin
- Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or other limits.
- Contained by; inside.
- The dog is in the kennel.
- There were three pickles in a jar.
- Within the bounds or limits of.
- I like living in the city.
- There are lots of trees in the park.
- He sat in the chair.
- She stood in the front-desk spot.
- 2013 August 3, “Boundary problems”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8847:
- GDP measures the total value of output in an economic territory.
- Surrounded by; among; amidst.
- We are in the enemy camp.
- Her plane is in the air.
- Waiter! There's a fly in my soup!
- Wearing (an item of clothing).
- I glanced over at the pretty girl in the red dress.
- Part of; a member of; out of; from among.
- You are one in a million.
- She's in an orchestra.
- During (a period of time).
- My birthday is in the first week of December.
- Easter falls in the fourth lunar month.
- The country reached a high level of prosperity in his first term.
- Within (a certain elapsed time); by the end of.
- Will you be able to finish this in a week?
- The massacre resulted in over 1000 deaths in three hours.
- At the end of (a period of time).
- They said they would call us in a week.
- (grammar, phonetics) Characterized by.
- Many English nouns in -is form their plurals in -es.
- Contained by; inside.
- Into.
- 2011 January 8, Paul Fletcher, “Stevenage 3-1 Newcastle”, in BBC:
- The ball was accidentally kicked in Kevin Nolan's face in the opening seconds of the contest – an incident that set the tone for an extremely uncomfortable encounter for the Premier League side.
- Less water gets in your boots this way.
- She stood there looking in the window longingly.
- Used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance.
- [1898], J[ohn] Meade Falkner, Moonfleet, London; Toronto, Ont.: Jonathan Cape, published 1934, →OCLC:
- In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.
- In replacing the faucet washers, he felt he was making his contribution to the environment.
- Indicating an order or arrangement.
- My fat rolls around in folds.
- Denoting a state of the subject.
- He stalked away in anger.
- John is in a coma.
- Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.
- You've got a friend in me.
- He's met his match in her.
- Pertaining to; with regard to.
- There has been no change in his condition.
- What grade did he get in English?
- Used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality.
- (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.
- Please pay me in cash — preferably in tens and twenties.
- The deposit can be in any legal tender, even in gold.
- Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.
- 2014, Carla Bethmann, Clean, Friendly, Profitable?: Tourism, page 114:
- […] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.
- Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.
- Beethoven's "Symphony No. 5" in C minor is among his most popular.
- His speech was in French, but was simultaneously translated into eight languages.
- When you write in cursive, it's illegible.
- Military letters should be formal in tone, but not stilted.
- (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.
Derived terms
edit- 6in4
- add-in
- bail in
- ben
- built-in
- calcin
- caytaxin
- come in
- drop-in
- end in
- grid-in
- herein
- inable
- inband
- in between
- inbetwixt
- inblown
- inborne
- inbound
- inbox
- inbreath
- inburnt
- inburst
- inclearing
- incross
- indeed
- indegree
- indrift
- indriven
- in-fill
- infill
- in-flight
- in-footed
- inframe
- in funds
- ingate
- ingoer
- ingoing
- inkneed
- inlane
- inlier
- inlink
- inly
- inmeats
- inmost
- innage
- innermost
- inness
- in one's eyes
- inorder
- inpatient
- inplane
- inroad
- inrun
- inservice
- inshave
- inshoot
- inside
- insole
- in someone's eyes
- insomuch
- insooth
- insourcing
- inspan
- in-state
- instead
- instead of
- instealing
- in steam
- instore
- instroke
- insucking
- inswinging
- inswung
- intext
- into
- intoed
- intown
- inwards
- inwash
- inwicking
- inworld
- live-in
- mixin
- opt-in
- piss in the popcorn
- plugin
- puss in a bag
- therein
- tuck-in
- wherein
- whipper-in
- within
Related terms
editTranslations
editVerb
editin (third-person singular simple present ins, present participle inning, simple past and past participle inned)
- (obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
- (obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.
- c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene iii]:
- He that ears my land spares my team and gives me leave to in the crop.
Adverb
editin (not comparable)
- At or towards the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.
- Suddenly a strange man walked in.
- Would you like that to take away or eat in?
- He ran to the edge of the swimming pool and dived in.
- 1879, R[ichard] J[efferies], chapter II, in The Amateur Poacher, London: Smith, Elder, & Co., […], →OCLC:
- Orion hit a rabbit once; but though sore wounded it got to the bury, and, struggling in, the arrow caught the side of the hole and was drawn out. Indeed, a nail filed sharp is not of much avail as an arrowhead; you must have it barbed, and that was a little beyond our skill.
- Towards the speaker or other reference point.
- They flew in from London last night.
- For six hours the tide flows in, then for another six hours it flows out.
- So as to be enclosed or surrounded by something.
- Bring the water to the boil and drop the vegetables in.
- After the beginning of something.
- 2011 October 1, Phil Dawkes, “Sunderland 2-2 West Brom”, in BBC Sport[2]:
- The Black Cats had a mountain to climb after James Morrison's header and Shane Long's neat side-foot finish gave Albion a 2-0 lead five minutes in.
- The show still didn't become interesting 20 minutes in.
- (in combination, after a verb) Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.
Translations
editNoun
editin (plural ins)
- A position of power or influence, or a way to get it.
- His parents got him an in with the company.
- 1987 February 1, T. R. Witomski, “Zeitgeist or Poltergeist? Why Gay Books Are So Bad”, in Gay Community News, volume 14, number 28, page 9:
- Holleran's and White's diminishing capacities as writers does not affect their publishing ins': the writer the house knows is always better than the writer the house doesn't know.
- (chiefly in the plural) One who, or that which, is in; especially, one who is in office.
- Antonym: out
- 1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World, page 192:
- This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]
- (sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting; see innings.
Antonyms
editRelated terms
editTranslations
editAdjective
editin (comparative more in, superlative most in)
- (not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or at one's office or place of work.
- Is Mr. Smith in?
- (not comparable) Located inside something.
- Little by little I pushed the snake into the basket, until finally all of it was in.
- The bullet is about five centimetres in.
- (sports, of the ball or other playing implement) Falling or remaining within the bounds of the playing area.
- If the tennis ball bounces on the line then it's in.
- Inserted or fitted into something.
- I've discovered why the TV wasn't working – the plug wasn't in!
- Having been collected or received.
- The replies to the questionnaires are now all in.
- In fashion; popular.
- Skirts are in this year.
- 1996, “The Great Southern Trendkill”, performed by Pantera:
- Pierce a new hole
If Hell was in you'd give your soul
To the great southern trendkill
- Incoming.
- the in train
- (nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
- Of the tide, at or near its highest level.
- You can't get round the headland when the tide's in.
- (law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin[1]
- in by descent; in by purchase; in of the seisin of her husband
- (cricket) Currently batting.
- Having familiarity or involvement with somebody.
- He is very in with the Joneses.
- 2010, Joe R. Lansdale, Flaming Zeppelins: The Adventures of Ned the Seal, page 123:
- “ […] He […] took a rifle out of the batch and shot at me. I was lucky he was such a crummy shot.”
“Why would he do that?”
“I think he's in with them, Doctor.”
“Them? You mean Ned and Cody?”
“All of them. Hickok, the split tail, the whole lot.”
- (informal) Having a favourable position, such as a position of influence or expected gain, in relation to another person.
- I need to keep in with the neighbours in case I ever need a favour from them.
- I think that bird fancies you. You're in there, mate!
- 2004, The Streets (lyrics and music), “Could Well Be In”:
- I saw this thing on ITV the other week,
Said, that if she played with her hair, she's probably keen
She's playing with her hair, well regularly,
So I reckon I could well be in.
- (of fire or fuel) (British, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand) Burning; ablaze.
- 1888, H.C. O’Neill, Edith A. Barnett, Our Nurses and the Work They Have to Do[3], page 81:
- Blocks of compressed coal keep the fire in for a long time, but they give out very little heat.
- 1894, Henry Kingsley, The Recollections of Geoffry Hamlyn - Volume 2[4], page 183:
- “At all events,” said the Doctor, “the fire’s in, and here’s the camp-oven, too. Somebody will be here soon. I will go in and light my pipe.”
- 1901, William Francis Barry, The Wizard’s Knot[5], page 231:
- Was there any person in your own house at Renmore to keep the fire in while you were here?.
- 2011, Rosemary Sutcliff, The Eagle of the Ninth Chronicles[6]:
- Normally when they camped in the wild they took turns to sit up and keep the fire in while the others slept, […].
- 2019, A.L.Lester, Shadows on the Border[7]:
- He turned and started making up the range to keep the fire in overnight, and heard the front door click and Grant’s motor fire up. Sleep. He needed to sleep.
- Having used, consumed , or invested a certain amount.
- I'm three drinks in right now.
- I was 500 dollars in when the stock crashed.
Translations
editDescendants
edit- → Portuguese: in
Etymology 2
editAlternative forms
editNoun
editin (plural ins or in)
- Abbreviation of inch; inches.
References
edit- Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
Anagrams
editAbinomn
editPronoun
editin
Afrikaans
editEtymology
editFrom Dutch in, from Middle Dutch in, from Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editin
Preposition
editin
Derived terms
editAkkadian
editPronunciation
edit- (Old Babylonian) IPA(key): /in/
Preposition
editin
- Alternative form of ina (“in, on, at”)
Ayomán
editNoun
editin
References
edit- Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)
Baure
editNoun
editin
References
edit- Swintha Danielsen, Baure: An Arawak Language of Bolivia
Central Nahuatl
editArticle
editin
- the.
Chamorro
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editin
- we (exclusive)
Usage notes
edit- in is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while ham is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.
See also
edithu-type pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | hu | ta | in |
2nd person | un | en | |
3rd person | ha | ma | |
yoʼ-type pronouns | |||
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | yoʼ | hit | ham |
2nd person | hao | hamyo | |
3rd person | gueʼ | siha | |
emphatic pronouns | |||
singular | plural inclusive | plural exclusive | |
1st person | guahu | hita | hami |
2nd person | hagu | hamyo | |
3rd person | guiya | siha |
References
edit- Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar[8], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Champenois
editNumeral
editin
Chinese
editPronunciation
edit- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: in1
- Yale: īn
- Cantonese Pinyin: in1
- Guangdong Romanization: in1
- Sinological IPA (key): /iːn⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Etymology 1
editAdjective
editin
Antonyms
edit- out (au1)
Etymology 2
editClipping of English interview.
Verb
editin
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) to interview
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.
Etymology 3
editClipping of English integrate.
Verb
editin
Coordinate terms
edit- d (di1, “to differentiate”)
References
editChuukese
editNoun
editin
Cimbrian
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle High German in, from Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in (“in”).
Preposition
editin
- (Luserna, Sette Comuni, + dative) in
Alternative forms
editEtymology 2
editFrom Middle High German in, from Old High German inan, from Proto-Germanic *inǭ.
Pronoun
editin
- (Sette Comuni) accusative of èar: him
Alternative forms
editSee also
editnominative | accusative | dative | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ich | mich | miar | |
2nd person singular | familiar | du | dich | diar |
polite | iart | ach | òich | |
3rd person singular | m | èar, ar | in, en | iime |
f | zi, ze | iar | ||
n | es, is | es, 's | iime | |
1st person plural | bar, bandare |
zich | izàndarn | |
2nd person plural | iart, iartàndare, artàndare |
òich, ach | ogàndarn | |
3rd person plural | ze, zòi, zandare |
zich | innàndarn |
Etymology 3
editArticle
editin
- (Sette Comuni, Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
- accusative singular masculine
- dative plural
Derived terms
edit- von (contraction)
See also
editCimbrian definite articles | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Plural | |
Nominative | dar | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Accusative | in | de / di | 's / z | de / di |
Dative | me | dar | me | in |
References
edit- “in” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Classical Nahuatl
editArticle
editin
Pronoun
editin, īn
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editReferences
edit- Michel Launey with Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, page Loc 1408
Danish
editAdjective
editin (neuter in, plural and definite singular attributive in)
Antonyms
editDutch
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Dutch in, from Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editin
Preposition
editin
- in (expressing containment)
- De geest in de fles
- the genie in the bottle
Declension
editSynonyms
editAntonyms
editDerived terms
editDescendants
editAdjective
editin (used only predicatively, not comparable)
Verb
editin
- inflection of innen:
Emilian
editEtymology
editFrom Latin inde (“thence”). Cognate with Catalan en, French en, Italian ne.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editin (adverbial)
- (genitive case) of it, of them
- Vô-t di pām? A t’in dāg dû.
- Do you want some apples? I will give you two (of them).
- (genitive case) about it, about them
- A t’in avîva descòurs ajêr.
- I talked to you about it yesterday.
- (ablative case) from here
- A sòun stùf, a m’in vāg.
- I am tired, I am leaving (from here).
Alternative forms
edit- Becomes n- before a vowel (proclitic).
- A-g n-ò dimándi. ― I have a lot (of them).
- Becomes -en when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
- Mānjen un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, singular)
- Becomes -n when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).
- Manjēn un pōk! ― Eat some of it! (imperative, plural)
Finnish
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editAdjective
editin (informal)
- in, popular (in fashion)
- 1985, Jukka Karjalainen (lyrics and music), “Mikä mahtaa olla in?”, in Doris, performed by J. Karjalainen ja mustat lasit:
- Tee niin, tee näin, olet in, in, in,
Olet keskipiste koko kaupungin- Do this, do that, [and] you will be in, in, in,
You will be the centre of the whole city
- Do this, do that, [and] you will be in, in, in,
- 1991, “Oot maalainen”, in Juha Vainio (lyrics), Viiskymppisen viisut, performed by Juha Vainio:
- Kuiskaan silloin hiljaa: «mie viljele en viljaa;
oon vihdoin in»!- So I quietly whisper: "I don't grow no crops;
I'm finally in"!
- So I quietly whisper: "I don't grow no crops;
Antonyms
editFurther reading
edit- “in”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][9] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
Anagrams
editFriulian
editEtymology
editPreposition
editin
German
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Middle High German in, from Old High German in.
Preposition
editin [with dative (indicating location) or accusative (indicating movement)]
- [with dative] in, inside, within, at (inside a building)
- Es ist im (in dem) Haus. ― It is in the house.
- Ich habe die Schlüssel im (in dem) Kühlschrank gefunden. ― I found the keys in the refrigerator.
- Unsere Kinder sind in der Schule. ― Our kids are at school.
- Er ist in einem Café. ― He is at a coffee shop.
- Letzte Nacht waren sie im (in dem) Club. ― They were at the club last night.
- [with dative] in (pertaining to)
- in diesem Sinne ― in this/that sense
- [with dative] in, at, by (at the end of or during a period of time)
- Er schloss sein Studium im (in dem) Alter von vierzehn. ― He completed his studies at/by the age of fourteen.
- im (in dem) Alter ― in old age
- im (in dem) Mittelalter ― during the middle ages
- in den 1960er Jahren ― in the 1960s
- [with accusative] into, to (going inside (of))
- Er geht ins (in das) Haus. ― He goes into the house.
- Wir gehen in die Schweiz. ― We are going to Switzerland.
- Wir treten in ein neues Zeitalter ein. ― We are coming into a new age.
Usage notes
editThe preposition in is used with the accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with the dative case if the verb shows location.
Derived terms
edit- (in + dem) im m or n
- (in + das) ins n
- in der Zwickmühle stecken
Etymology 2
editContraction
editin
Etymology 3
editAdjective
editin (indeclinable, predicative only)
Declension
editIndeclinable, predicative-only.
Further reading
edit- “in” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- Friedrich Kluge (1883) “in”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891
Gothic
editRomanization
editin
- Romanization of 𐌹𐌽
Hokkien
editFor pronunciation and definitions of in – see 𪜶 (“they; them; their; theirs; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 𪜶). |
Interlingua
editPreposition
editin
Irish
editPreposition
editin (plus dative, triggers eclipsis)
- Alternative form of i
Usage notes
editThis variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur (“your pl”), before dhá (“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.
In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le (“beside”) and i nÉirinn or i n-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn (“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled i nbhur.
Istriot
editEtymology
editPreposition
editin
Italian
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editin
- in
- Ho qualcosa in tasca. ― I have something in my pocket.
- Partirò in primavera. ― I will be leaving in spring.
- Vado in quinta elementare. ― I'm in fifth grade.
- to
- Sono andato in panetteria. ― I went to the bakery.
- into
- by
- Vado a scuola in autobus. ― I go to school by bus.
- on
- Ho messo un cappello in testa. ― I put a hat on my head.
- Metti il pane in tavola. ― Put the bread on the table.
- marker of way or manner
- riso in bianco ― plain rice (literally, “rice in white”)
- camminare in punta di piedi ― to walk on the tips of one's toes
Usage notes
edit- When followed by the definite article, in is combined with the article to produce the following combined forms:
in + article Combined form in + il nel in + lo nello in + l' nell' in + i nei in + gli negli in + la nella in + le nelle
Derived terms
editAnagrams
editJapanese
editRomanization
editin
Juǀ'hoan
editPronunciation
editLetter
editin (upper case In)
- A letter of the Juǀ'hoan alphabet, written in the Latin script.
Karaim
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Turkic.
Noun
editin
References
edit- N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “in”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Etymology 2
editFrom Proto-Turkic *īn.
Noun
editin
References
edit- N. A. Baskakov, S.M. Šapšala, editor (1973), “in”, in Karaimsko-Russko-Polʹskij Slovarʹ [Karaim-Russian-Polish Dictionary], Moscow: Moskva, →ISBN
Ladin
editPreposition
editin
Latin
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognate with English in.
The ablative is from the locative, and the accusative is from the directional.
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /in/, [ɪn]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /in/, [in]
Preposition
editin (+ ablative)
- in, at, on, upon, from (space) [with ablative]
- 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
- omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt- So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
- So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
- omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
- Seneca
- venenum in auro bibitur
- Poison is drunk from a gold cup.
- venenum in auro bibitur
- 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
- under, within, in [with ablative]
- during, within, while in (time) [with ablative]
- about, respecting, concerning (of reference) [with ablative]
- among [with ablative]
- Vulgate, Gospel of St. John 1:14:
- Et Verbum caro factum est, et habitavit in nobis :
- And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us,
- Et Verbum caro factum est, et habitavit in nobis :
- Vulgate, Gospel of St. Luke 1:28:
- Et ingressus angelus ad eam dixit : Ave gratia plena : Dominus tecum : benedicta tu in mulieribus.
- And the angel being come in, said unto her: Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.
- Et ingressus angelus ad eam dixit : Ave gratia plena : Dominus tecum : benedicta tu in mulieribus.
in (+ accusative)
- into, to [with accusative]
- 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
- omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt- So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
- So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
- omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
- 1774, Finnur Jónsson, Historia Ecclesiastica Islandiæ 1:
- De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.
- On the introduction of Christianity to Iceland.
- De introductione religionis Christianæ in Islandiam.
- 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
- toward, towards, against, at [with accusative]
- Gallī in Rōmānōs incurrunt. ― The Gauls are rushing against the Romans.
- until, for [with accusative]
- about [with accusative]
- according to [with accusative]
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.19:
- generatimque distributi in civitates
- and being distributed in tribes according to their respective nations
- generatimque distributi in civitates
Quotations
edit- For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.
Antonyms
editDerived terms
editDescendants
edit- Balkan Romance:
- Dalmatian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Padanian:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: in
Ligurian
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editin
Synonyms
editEtymology 2
editWith iotacism, from un (“a, an”, indefinite article).
Pronunciation
editArticle
editin
Usage notes
edit- This form is found:
- in sentence-initial position, or after a punctuation mark
- after words ending in /ŋ/
Lombard
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editin
Usage notes
edit- When followed by a definite or indefinite article, it's replaced by ind.
Louisiana Creole
editPronunciation
editArticle
editin
- Alternative form of un
Mapudungun
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editVerb
editin (Raguileo spelling)
- To eat.
- first-person singular realis form of in
See also
editReferences
edit- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Marshallese
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editPreposition
editin
Etymology 2
editNoun
editin
Synonyms
editEtymology 3
editFrom Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.
Pronoun
editin
- this (thing close to us both)
- demonstrative, first person inclusive singular
Etymology 4
editAlternative forms
editPreposition
editin
References
editMiddle Dutch
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Preposition
editin [with accusative or dative]
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Contraction
editin
Further reading
edit- “in”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “in (VI)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page VI
Middle English
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old English inn.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editNoun
editin (plural innes)
- Any kind of accommodation; particularly:
- A home or house; habitation or housing one lives in.
- 1387–1400, [Geoffrey] Chaucer, “The Tale of the Wẏf of Bathe”, in The Tales of Caunt́bury (Hengwrt Chaucer; Peniarth Manuscript 392D), Aberystwyth, Ceredigion: National Library of Wales, published [c. 1400–1410], →OCLC, folio 62, recto:
- For who so wolde senge a cattes skyn / Thanne wolde the cat wel dwellen in his In
- For if someone wants to singe a cat’s skin, the cat would rather stay in its house.
- A dormitory; housing for students.
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “in, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-02.
Etymology 2
editFrom Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editPreposition
editin
- in; with the following special senses:
- in, inside; encircled or confined by, with the following special senses:
- wearing, having on, clad in
- in a quality or mode: with the following special senses:
- inside, at or on a location or place.
- secured with; bound with
- in the midst of, while, currently doing
- in (pieces or portions), into.
- about; of, on the matter of.
- in the form, way, or manner of.
- on, above, on top of.
- facing at, in the direction of.
- Being one of a set or group.
- Being owned by; in one's possession.
- due to, as, for the reason that.
- versus; in conflict with; fighting with.
- using, utilising, with the means of.
- (rare) with, in the company of.
Usage notes
editin is usually postpositive in Middle English. For example, the previous sentence would be in is after þe noun lome Middel Englisch in.
Related terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- “in, prep.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.
Etymology 3
editFrom Old English inne, from Proto-Germanic *innai.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editin
- in; with the following special senses:
- in towards, in the direction of.
- on, on top of; above
- using, utilising, with the means of.
Descendants
editReferences
edit- “in, adv.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.
Etymology 4
editPronoun
editin
- Alternative form of hine
Mohegan-Pequot
editNoun
editin
- man (adult male)
References
edit- A Vocabulary of Mohegan-Pequot (John D. Prince, Frank G. Speck)
Mokilese
editParticle
editin
- construct particle; of, relating to
Preposition
editin
Northern Sami
editPronunciation
editVerb
editin
Norwegian Bokmål
editAlternative forms
edit- inn (adjective)
Etymology
editAdjective
editin (singular and plural in)
References
edit- “in” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Anagrams
editNorwegian Nynorsk
editAlternative forms
edit- inn (adjective)
Etymology
editAdjective
editin (singular and plural in)
References
edit- “in” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
editOld English
editAlternative forms
edit- ᛁᚾ (in) — Franks Casket
Etymology 1
editFrom Proto-Germanic *in.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editin (Anglian)
- in
- 10th century, The Wanderer:
- Forðon dōmġeorne · drēoriġne oft
in hyra brēostcofan · bindað fæste;- Therefore, eager for glory men oft bind tightly in their breast-chambers the sad one.
Usage notes
editIn the West Saxon dialect, this word was replaced by on during the separate prehistory of Old English. However, it was still used as a prefix to form many words such as ingang (“entrance”), inġewinn (“civil war”), inġeþanc (“inner thoughts”), inlendisċ (“native”), intinga (“cause”), and inweorc (“indoor work”), and it was still implied by derived adverbs such as inne (“inside”), innan (“from the inside”), and inn (“in,” adverb).
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editFrom Proto-Germanic *inn.
Adverb
editin
- Alternative form of inn
Old High German
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-West Germanic *in, from Proto-Germanic *in.
Preposition
editin
Descendants
editOld Irish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Celtic *sindos (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“this”); weak doublet of sin (“this”).
Article
editin
- the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
- Alternative spelling of ind
For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.
Usage notes
edit- Triggers nasalization of the following noun in the masculine and feminine singular accusative.
- Triggers lenition of the following noun as an alternative spelling of ind.
Declension
editCase | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | in int (before vowels) |
ind int (before ṡ) |
a | in dá | in dí | in dá | ind | inna | |
Accusative | in | inna | |||||||
Genitive | ind int (before ṡ) |
inna | ind int (before ṡ) |
in dá | |||||
Dative | dond; dont (before ṡ) cossind; cossint (before ṡ) etc. |
don dib cossin dib etc. |
donaib cosnaib etc. | ||||||
Note: The dative is used only after a preposition, which forms a contraction with the definite article, e.g. dond (“to the”), cossind (“with the”), etc. |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editEtymology 2
editUnknown. Probably related to Middle Welsh a (interrogative particle). The n may be from Proto-Celtic *ne (compare Latin -ne (interrogative particle) < nē (“not”)).[1] Has been compared to Latin an (“or, whether”, interrogative particle).[2]
Particle
editin (triggers eclipsis)
- interrogative particle forming yes-no questions
For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.
Derived terms
editVerb
editin (triggers eclipsis)
- third-person singular present indicative interrogative of is: is...?
Etymology 3
edit
Preposition
editin
Etymology 4
editProbably originally the masculine/neuter dative singular of the definite article (see Etymology 1); compare Middle Welsh and Welsh yn.[3]
Particle
editin
- Used with the masculine/neuter dative singular of an adjective to form the corresponding adverb: -ly
For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.
References
edit- ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 466, page 292; reprinted 2017
- ^ Pedersen, Holger (1909) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume I, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 391
- ^ Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 379, pages 238–39; reprinted 2017
Old Norse
editArticle
editin
- inflection of inn:
Old Saxon
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Germanic *in.
Preposition
editin
Pennsylvania German
editPreposition
editin
Portuguese
editPronunciation
edit
Etymology 1
editUnadapted borrowing from Latin in (“in”). Doublet of em.
Preposition
editin
- found in the given reference
Related terms
editEtymology 2
editUnadapted borrowing from English in.
Adjective
editin (invariable)
Romagnol
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- (Ville Unite):
Preposition
editin
- in, into
- 2024, Franco Alpini, Andrea Alpini, La Bébia In Dialét Rumagnól, Genesis 1:1:
- In te prinzipi Dio e creét i zil e la tèra.
- In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.
- 2024, Franco Alpini, Andrea Alpini, La Bébia In Dialét Rumagnól, Genesis 1:1:
- by
- A vég a Ravèna in bicicléta.
- I go to Ravenna by bike.
References
editMasotti, Adelmo (1996) Vocabolario Romagnolo Italiano [Romagnol-Italian dictionary] (in Italian), Bologna: Zanichelli, page 289
Romanian
editEtymology
editInherited from Latin līnum (“flax”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editin n (plural inuri)
Declension
editsingular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | in | inul | inuri | inurile | |
genitive-dative | in | inului | inuri | inurilor | |
vocative | inule | inurilor |
Related terms
editRomansch
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editArticle
editin m (feminine ina)
Number
editin m (feminine ina)
Sardinian
editEtymology
editFrom Latin in, from earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editin
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
- Wagner, Max Leopold (1960–1964) Dizionario etimologico sardo, Heidelberg
Sassarese
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Latin in, from earlier en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editin
- in
- Soggu in sigunda erementari ― I'm in second grade
- Canti seddi in crassi tóia? ― How many are you in your class?
- Paràuri ischritti in rùiu ― Words written in red
- Fabeddàbani in sassaresu ― They were speaking (in) Sassarese
- 1866, chapter III, in Giovanni Spano, transl., L'ebagneliu sigundu S. Matteju [The Gospel according to St. Matthew][10] (overall work in Italian and Sassarese), London, translation of Evangelium secundum Matthaeum, verse 1, page 7:
- In chissi dì poi vinisi Giuanni Battilta pridigghendi in lu diseltu di la Giudea
- In those days, then came John the Baptist, preaching in the desert of Judaea
- 1989, Giovanni Maria Cherchi, “Puisia [Poetry]”, in La poesia di l'althri [The poetry of others], Sassari: Arnoldo Mondadori Editore, page 19:
- E s’ammenta di nommi immintigaddi,
un basgiu dazi a facci risurani,
chi più no li vidia che in sonni fei- And she remembers forgotten names, gives a kiss to smiling faces she would only see again in nightmares
- (literally, “And she remembers herself of forgotten names, a kiss gives to laughing faces, which she didn't see anymore except in bad dreams”)
References
edit- Rubattu, Antoninu (2006) Dizionario universale della lingua di Sardegna, 2nd edition, Sassari: Edes
Saterland Frisian
editEtymology
editFrom Old Frisian in, from Proto-West Germanic *in. Cognates include West Frisian yn and German in.
Pronunciation
editPreposition
editin (neuter or distal adverb deerin, proximal adverb hierin, interrogative adverb wierin)
Related terms
editReferences
editSerbo-Croatian
editEtymology
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *jьnъ.
Adjective
editin (Cyrillic spelling ин)
Declension
editsingular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | in | ina | ino | |
genitive | ina | ine | ina | |
dative | inu | inoj | inu | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
in ina |
inu | ino |
vocative | in | ina | ino | |
locative | inu | inoj | inu | |
instrumental | inim | inom | inim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ini | ine | ina | |
genitive | inih | inih | inih | |
dative | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) | |
accusative | ine | ine | ina | |
vocative | ini | ine | ina | |
locative | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) | |
instrumental | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | ini | ina | ino | |
genitive | inog(a) | ine | inog(a) | |
dative | inom(u/e) | inoj | inom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
ini inog(a) |
inu | ino |
vocative | ini | ina | ino | |
locative | inom(e/u) | inoj | inom(e/u) | |
instrumental | inim | inom | inim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | ini | ine | ina | |
genitive | inih | inih | inih | |
dative | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) | |
accusative | ine | ine | ina | |
vocative | ini | ine | ina | |
locative | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) | |
instrumental | inim(a) | inim(a) | inim(a) |
Related terms
editReferences
editBudmani, Pero (1887-1891), "Rječnik hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika" Volume III, p. 827
Slovene
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *i.
Pronunciation
editConjunction
editin
Synonyms
edit- i (dialectal)
Sumerian
editRomanization
editin
- Romanization of 𒅔 (in)
Swedish
editPronunciation
editAdverb
editin
- into, to in
- Antonym: ut (“to out”)
- Han gick in ― He walked in ("to in")
- Han gick inne ― He was walking around inside (for comparison)
- De går in ― They're walking in ("to in")
- Han gick in i rummet ― He walked into the room
- Han är inne i rummet ― He is in the room
See also
editReferences
edit- in in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- in in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- in in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Anagrams
editTurkish
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Ottoman Turkish این (in),[1] from Proto-Turkic *īn (“lair, burrow”)[2][3]
Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰃𐰤 (in), Turkmen hīn, Southern Altai ийин (iyin), Kazakh ін (ın), Yakut иин (iin).
Noun
editin (definite accusative ini, plural inler)[4][5][6]
Declension
editInflection | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | in | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ini | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Singular | Plural | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nominative | in | inler | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Definite accusative | ini | inleri | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dative | ine | inlere | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Locative | inde | inlerde | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Ablative | inden | inlerden | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genitive | inin | inlerin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
References
edit- ^ Redhouse, James W. (1890) “این”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 308
- ^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “i:n”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 166
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “in”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- ^ “in”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- ^ “in”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- ^ Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “in³”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 2166
Etymology 2
editVerb
editin
Vietnamese
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editNon-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 印 (“to print”, SV: ấn).
Verb
editin
- to print
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editAdjective
editin
Derived terms
editAnagrams
editVolapük
editPreposition
editin
- in
- 1952, Arie de Jong, Diatek nulik: Gospul ma ‚Matthaeus’. Kapit: VII:
- E kis-li? Logol cipi in log bloda olik, e bemi in log olik no küpol!
- Why do you observe the splinter in your brother’s eye and never notice the great log in your own?
- 1940, “Pötü yelacen”, in Volapükagased pro Nedänapükans, page 1:
- In Siyop ya dü yels mödik krigastad bevü Yapän e Tsyinän dareigon, ed in Yurop krig jenon bevü Deutän e Polän, Linglän e Fransän, e bevü Rusän e Suomiyän.
- In Asia, a state of war has been going on for years between Japan and China, and in Europe war is being waged between Germany and Poland, England and France, and between Russia and Finland.
Welsh
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editin
- (literary) first-person plural of i
West Frisian
editEtymology
editShortened from ien (“one”).
Pronunciation
editDeterminer
editin
Further reading
edit- “in (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Yola
editPreposition
editin
- Alternative form of ing (“in”)
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 84:
- At by mizluck was ee-pit t'drive in.
- Who by misluck was placed to drive in.
- 1867, “A YOLA ZONG”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 9, page 88:
- A clugercheen gother: all, ing pile an in heep,
- A crowd gathered up: all, in pile and in heap,
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 94:
- An gooude usquebaugh ee-sarith uth in cooanès.
- And good whiskey served out in wooden cans.
- 1867, “THE WEDDEEN O BALLYMORE”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 4, page 96:
- Raree met in plathearès, ee-zet in a rooe,
- There was choice meat in platters, set in a row,
- 1867, “CASTEALE CUDDE'S LAMENTATION”, in SONGS, ETC. IN THE DIALECT OF FORTH AND BARGY, number 3, page 104:
- Lickweese mee been deeth in aar heeve.
- Likewise my bees die in their hive.
References
edit- Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 84
Yoruba
editEtymology 1
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editin
- him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a high-tone /ĩ/)
Pronoun
editín
- him, her, it (third-person singular non-honorific object pronoun following a monosyllabic verb with a low- or mid-tone /ĩ/)
See also
editsingular | plural or honorific | |
---|---|---|
1st person | mi | wa |
2nd person | ọ / ẹ | yín |
3rd person | [preceding vowel repeated for monosyllabic verbs] / ẹ̀ | wọn |
Etymology 2
editPronunciation
editPronoun
editìn
Zou
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔim, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kim (“house, womb”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editín
Derived terms
editReferences
edit- Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, page 41
- Philip Thanglienmang (2014) “Zou Tonology”, in Indian Linguistics, volume 75, numbers 1-2, →ISSN
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