Wiktionary

jaar

See also: jāar

Afrikaans

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Dutch jaar, from Middle Dutch jâer, from Old Dutch jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /jɑːr/
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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jaar (plural jare, diminutive jaartjie)

  1. A year.

Cimbrian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Middle High German jār, from Old High German jār, from Proto-West Germanic *jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yóh₁r̥. Cognate with German Jahr, English year.

Noun

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jaar n (plural jaardar, diminutive jéerle)

  1. (Sette Comuni) year
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Further reading

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  • “jaar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Dutch

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Etymology

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From Middle Dutch jâer, from Old Dutch jār, from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁-.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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jaar n (plural jaren, diminutive jaartje n)

  1. year (the time it takes the Earth to circle the Sun; its equivalent on other planets)
    Een jaar op Mars duurt ongeveer 687 aardse dagen. ― A year on Mars lasts about 687 Earth days.
    Het is bijna een jaar geleden dat we elkaar zagen. ― It's almost a year since we last saw each other.
    Elk jaar vieren we onze trouwdag. ― Every year, we celebrate our wedding anniversary.
  2. year (the individuals associated with a year, notably the students in or graduates from an annual class at school)
    Het jaar 2023 zal hun afstudeerjaar zijn. ― The year 2023 will be their graduation year.
    Alle studenten van het jaar 2020 zijn uitgenodigd voor de reünie. ― All students from the year 2020 are invited to the reunion.
    Ze was de beste student van haar jaar. ― She was the top student of her year.

Usage notes

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The singular form is normally used after numerals and stock phrases instead of plurals but both are considered correct grammatically. Thus, it would be more common to say "vele jaren geleden" – many years ago; but "drie jaar geleden" – "three years ago" or in "in de laatste paar jaar" as opposed to "in de laatste paar jaren" ("in the last couple of years").

Derived terms

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-types of year

Descendants

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  • Afrikaans: jaar
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: jari
  • Jersey Dutch: jâr
  • Negerhollands: jaer, jaar, yer
  • → Aukan: yali
  • → Sranan Tongo: yari
    • → Caribbean Javanese: yari
    • → Saramaccan: jáa

Anagrams

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North Frisian

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Alternative forms

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Determiner

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jaar (invariable)

  1. (Sylt) their (third-person plural possessive determiner)

Pronoun

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jaar (plural jaaren)

  1. (Sylt) theirs (third-person plural possessive pronoun)

See also

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Personal and possessive pronouns (Sylt dialect)
personal possessive
subject case object case singular
referent 		plural referent
full reduced full reduced attributive independent
singular 1st ik 'k mi min minen
2nd dü – di din dinen
3rd m. hi 'r höm 'n sin sinen
3rd f. jü 's höör 's höör höören
3rd n. hat et, 't höm et, 't sin sinen
dual 1st wat unk unken
2nd at junk junken
3rd jat jam 's jaar jaaren
plural 1st wü üüs üüsen
2nd i juu juuen
3rd ja 's jam 's jaar jaaren
notes The reduced forms with an apostrophe are enclitic; they immediately follow verbs or conjunctions. Dü is deleted altogether in such contexts. Et is not enclitic and can stand in any unstressed position; the full subject form hat is now rarely used. In reflexive use, only full object forms occur.
The dual forms are dated, but not obsolete as in other dialects.
Independent possessives are distinguished from attributive ones only with plural referents.

Semai

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Pronoun

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jaar[1]

  1. we (I and another, but not you) (1st person dual pronoun, exclusive)

See also

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Semai personal pronouns
singular dual plural
1st person èng jaar (exclusive)
haar (inclusive) 		jiiq (exclusive)
hiiq (inclusive)
2nd person hèq / hèèq je'oot, jerkeeq, kééq keeq, ngkeeq / ngkééq
3rd person ijii, kééq / keeq ubay / ubaay et, ennaay, mambééq

References

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  1. ^ Basrim bin Ngah Aching (2008) Kamus Engròq Semay – Engròq Malaysia, Kamus Bahasa Semai – Bahasa Malaysia, Bangi: Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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