mustalainen
Finnish
editEtymology
editFrom musta + -lainen, literally, “of the black kind”, or more loosely translated as “black person”. Compare Estonian mustlane.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editmustalainen
- (varying from neutral to pejorative) gypsy
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:mustalainen
Usage notes
edit- The international term romani is preferred in standard Finnish.
- The endonymic Finnish Kalo terms are kaalo (literally “black man”) and kaali (literally “black woman”). The calque tumma (literally “dark one”) is chiefly used by the Roma themselves.
- In Finnish, the Roma generally use mustalainen (literally “black person”), contrasting it with valkolainen (“Finn”, literally “white person”). However, these terms may be considered offensive by younger non-Romani Finns.
Declension
editInflection of mustalainen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | mustalainen | mustalaiset | |
genitive | mustalaisen | mustalaisten mustalaisien | |
partitive | mustalaista | mustalaisia | |
illative | mustalaiseen | mustalaisiin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | mustalainen | mustalaiset | |
accusative | nom. | mustalainen | mustalaiset |
gen. | mustalaisen | ||
genitive | mustalaisen | mustalaisten mustalaisien | |
partitive | mustalaista | mustalaisia | |
inessive | mustalaisessa | mustalaisissa | |
elative | mustalaisesta | mustalaisista | |
illative | mustalaiseen | mustalaisiin | |
adessive | mustalaisella | mustalaisilla | |
ablative | mustalaiselta | mustalaisilta | |
allative | mustalaiselle | mustalaisille | |
essive | mustalaisena | mustalaisina | |
translative | mustalaiseksi | mustalaisiksi | |
abessive | mustalaisetta | mustalaisitta | |
instructive | — | mustalaisin | |
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
Derived terms
editcompounds
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “mustalainen”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish][1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03